ref: 7963f09aeefb9b584f7a415b11e8e08310ed04c3
dir: /README/
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// **** AUDIO-STRETCH **** //
// Time Domain Harmonic Scaler //
// Copyright (c) 2019 David Bryant //
// All Rights Reserved. //
// Distributed under the BSD Software License (see license.txt) //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Time-domain harmonic scaling (TDHS) is a method for time-scale
modification of speech (or other audio signals), allowing the apparent
rate of speech articulation to be changed without affecting the
pitch-contour and the time-evolution of the formant structure. TDHS
differs from other time-scale modification algorithms in that
time-scaling operations are performed in the time domain (not the
frequency domain).
This project is an implementation of a TDHS library and a command-line demo
program to utilize it with standard WAV files.
There are two effects possible with TDHS and the audio-stretch demo. The
first is the more obvious mentioned above of changing the duration (or
speed) of a speech (or other audio) sample without modifying its pitch.
The other effect is similar, but after applying the duration change we
change the sampling rate in a complimentary manner to restore the original
duration and timing, which then results in the pitch being altered.
So when a ratio is supplied to the audio-stretch program, the default
operation is for the total duration of the audio file to be scaled by
exactly that ratio (0.5X to 2.0X), with the pitches remaining constant.
If the option to scale the sample-rate proportionally is specified (-s)
then the total duration and timing of the audio file will be preserved,
but the pitches will be scaled by the specified ratio instead. This is
useful for creating a "helium voice" effect and lots of other fun stuff.
Note that unless ratios of exactly 0.5 or 2.0 are used with the -s option,
non-standard sampling rates will probably result. Many programs will still
properly play these files, and audio editing programs will likely import
them correctly (by resampling), but it is possible that some applications
will barf on them.
For version 0.2 a new option was added to cycle through the full possible
ratio range in a sinusoidal pattern, starting at 1.0, and either going
up (-c) or down (-cc) first. In this case any specified ratio is ignored
(except if the -s option is also specified to scale the sampling rate).
The total period is fixed at 2π seconds, at which point the output will
again be exactly aligned with the input.
To build the demo app:
$ gcc -O2 *.c -o audio-stretch
The "help" display from the demo app:
AUDIO-STRETCH Time Domain Harmonic Scaling Demo Version 0.2
Copyright (c) 2019 David Bryant. All Rights Reserved.
Usage: AUDIO-STRETCH [-options] infile.wav outfile.wav
Options: -r<n.n> = stretch ratio (0.5 to 2.0, default = 1.0)
-u<n> = upper freq period limit (default = 333 Hz)
-l<n> = lower freq period limit (default = 55 Hz)
-c = cycle through all ratios, starting higher
-cc = cycle through all ratios, starting lower
-s = scale rate to preserve duration (not pitch)
-f = fast pitch detection (default >= 32 kHz)
-n = normal pitch detection (default < 32 kHz)
-q = quiet mode (display errors only)
-v = verbose (display lots of info)
-y = overwrite outfile if it exists
Web: Visit www.github.com/dbry/audio-stretch for latest version
Notes:
1. The program will handle only mono or stereo files in the WAV format. The
audio must be 16-bit PCM and the acceptable sampling rates are from 8,000
to 48,000 Hz. Any additional RIFF info in the WAV file will be discarded.
The command-line program is only for little-endian architectures.
2. For stereo files, the pitch detection is done on a mono conversion of the
audio, but the scaling transformation is done on the independent channels.
If it is desired to have completely independent processing this can only
be done with two mono files. Note that this is not a limitation of the
library but of the demo utility (the library has no problem with multiple
contexts).
3. This technique (TDHS) is ideal for speech signals, but can also be used
for homophonic musical instruments. As the sound becomes increasingly
polyphonic, however, the quality and effectiveness will decrease. Also,
the period frequency limits provided by default are optimized for speech;
adjusting these may be required for best quality with non-speech audio.
4. The vast majority of the time required for TDHS is in the pitch detection,
and so this library implements two versions. The first is the standard
one that includes every sample and pitch period, and the second is an
optimized one that uses pairs of samples and only even pitch periods.
This second version is about 4X faster than the standard version, but
provides virtually the same quality. It is used by default for files with
sample rates of 32 kHz or higher, but its use can be forced on or off
from the command-line (see options above).