ref: 2267dba0ea8f61cf4b3e51492995f8edea03dcc8
parent: 7d79c607fbc8f402b26a0032c9e29b393af801e7
author: rodri <rgl@antares-labs.eu>
date: Tue Jul 23 11:35:16 EDT 2024
doc: write about the scene, the viewport. organize things better.
--- a/doc/libgraphics.ms
+++ b/doc/libgraphics.ms
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+.\" Figure management
+.nr FI 0 1
+.de FI
+.ce
+\fBFigure \\n+(FI\fR: \\$1
+..
+
.TL
libgraphics: Design and Implementation
.DA
@@ -4,9 +11,7 @@
.AU
Rodrigo G. López
rgl@antares-labs.eu
-.SH
-Introduction
-.LP
+.AB
.I Libgraphics
is a 3D computer graphics library that provides a way to set up a
scene, fill it up with a bunch of models (with their own meshes and
@@ -13,10 +18,65 @@
materials), lights and cameras, and start taking pictures at the user
request. It implements a fully concurrent retained mode software
renderer, with support for vertex and fragment/pixel shaders written
-in C (not GPU ones, at least for now), a z-buffer, front- and
+in C (not GPU ones, at least for now), and featuring a z-buffer, front- and
back-face culling, textures and skyboxes, directional and punctual
-lights, tangent-space normal mapping, ???
+lights, tangent-space normal mapping, among other things.
+.AE
.SH
+Introduction
+.LP
+.QP
+Write the intro last.
+.NH
+The scene
+.PP
+A scene is a container, represented as a graph, that hosts the
+entities that make up the world. Each of these entities has a model
+made out of a series of meshes, which in turn are made out of
+geometric primitives (only
+.I points ,
+.I lines
+and
+.I triangles
+are supported). Each model also stores a list of materials.
+.PP
+.PS
+.ps 7
+boxwid = 0.5
+boxht = 0.2
+linewid = 0.1
+lineht = 0.2
+box "Scene"
+down; line from last box.s; right; line
+box "Entity"
+down; line from last box.s; right; line
+box "Model"
+down; line from last box.s; right; line
+box dashed "Mesh"
+down; line from last box.s; right; line
+box "Primitive"
+down
+line from 2nd last line.s; line; right; line
+box "Material"
+reset
+.ps 10
+.PE
+.FI "The scene graph."
+.NH 2
+Entities
+.NH 2
+Models
+.NH 2
+Meshes
+.NH 2
+Primitives
+.NH 2
+Materials
+.NH
+Cameras
+.PP
+
+.NH
The renderer
.LP
The
@@ -31,11 +91,11 @@
It's implemented as a tree of concurrent processes connected by
.CW Channel s—as
seen in
-.B "Figure 1" —,
+.B "Figure 2" —,
spawned with a call to
.CW initgraphics ,
each representing a stage of the pipeline:
-.IP
+.IP •
The
.B renderer
process, the root of the tree, waits on a
@@ -42,22 +102,22 @@
.CW channel
for a
.CW Renderjob
-sent by another user process, specifying a scene, a camera and a
-shader table. It walks the scene and sends each
+sent by another user process, specifying a framebuffer, a scene, a
+camera and a shader table. It walks the scene and sends each
.CW Entity
individually to the
entityproc.
-.IP
+.IP •
The
.B entityproc
receives an entity and splits its geometry equitatively among the
tilers, sending a batch for each of them to process.
-.IP
+.IP •
Next, each
.B tiler
gets to work on their subset of the geometry (potentially in
parallel)—see
-.B "Figure 2" .
+.B "Figure 3" .
They walk the list of primitives, then for each of them
apply the
.B "vertex shader"
@@ -67,24 +127,20 @@
they build a bounding box, used to allocate each primitive into a
rasterization bucket, or
.B tile ,
-managed by one of the rasterizers; this is illustrated in
-.B "Figure 3" .
+managed by one of the rasterizers; as illustrated in
+.B "Figure 4" .
If it spans multiple tiles, it will be copied and sent to each of
them.
-.IP
+.IP •
Finally, the
.B rasterizers
receive the primitive in screen space, slice it to fit their tile, and
-apply a rasterization routine based on its type (only
-.I points ,
-.I lines
-and
-.I triangles
-are supported). For each of the pixels, a
+apply a rasterization routine based on its type. For each of the pixels, a
.B "depth test"
is performed, discarding fragments that are further away. Then a
.B "fragment shader"
is applied and the result written to the framebuffer after blending.
+.PP
.PS
.ps 7
circlerad = 0.3
@@ -131,13 +187,7 @@
arrow from Tiler.T1 to Raster.Rn chop
.ps 10
.PE
-.B "Figure 1" :
-The rendering graph for a
-.B 2n
-processor machine.
-.SH
-Tile-based rendering
-.PP
+.FI "The rendering graph for a \fB2n\fR processor machine."
.PS
.ps 7
Tiles: [
@@ -150,7 +200,7 @@
Tn: box dashed "tile n"
]
box ht last [].ht+0.1 wid last [].wid+0.1 at last []
-"Screen" rjust with .se at last [].nw - (0.1,0)
+"Framebuf" rjust with .se at last [].nw - (0.1,0)
Raster: [
moveht = 0.1
down
@@ -168,8 +218,7 @@
line from Tiles.Tn.e to Raster.Rn.w
.ps 10
.PE
-.B "Figure 2" :
-Per tile rasterizers.
+.FI "Per tile rasterizers."
.PS
.ps 7
Tiles: [
@@ -185,7 +234,7 @@
line to last [].se - (0.3,-0.1)
line to 1st line
box ht last [].ht+0.1 wid last [].wid+0.1 at last []
-"Screen" rjust with .se at last [].nw - (0.1,0)
+"Framebuf" rjust with .se at last [].nw - (0.1,0)
Raster: [
moveht = 0.1
down
@@ -202,32 +251,8 @@
arrow from Tiles.Tn.e to Raster.Rn.w
.ps 10
.PE
-.B "Figure 3" :
-Raster task scheduling.
-.SH
-The scene
-.PP
-.PS
-.ps 7
-boxwid = 0.5
-boxht = 0.2
-linewid = 0.1
-lineht = 0.2
-box "Scene"
-down; line from last box.s; right; line
-box "Entity"
-down; line from last box.s; right; line
-box "Model"
-down; line from last box.s; right; line
-box "Mesh"
-down; line from last box.s; right; line
-box "Primitive"
-down
-line from 2nd last line.s; line; right; line
-box "Material"
-.ps 10
-.PE
-.SH
+.FI "Raster task scheduling."
+.NH
Frames of reference
.PP
Frames are right-handed throughout every stage.
@@ -235,24 +260,39 @@
.ps 7
RFrame: [
pi = 3.1415926535
+ deg = pi/180
circle fill rad 0.01 at (0,0)
"p" at last circle.c - (0.1,0)
- xa = -5*pi/180
+ xa = -5*deg
arrow from (0,0) to (cos(xa),sin(xa))
"bx" at last arrow.end + (0.1,0)
arrow from (0,0) to (0,1)
"by" at last arrow.end - (0.1,0)
- za = -150*pi/180
+ za = -150*deg
arrow from (0,0) to (cos(za)+0.1,sin(za)+0.1)
"bz" at last arrow.end - (0.1,0)
]
.ps 10
.PE
-.B "Figure 4" :
-Example right-handed rframe.
-.SH
+.FI "Example right-handed rframe."
+.NH
Viewports
.PP
+A
+.I viewport
+is a sort of virtual framebuffer, a device that lets users configure
+the way they visualize a framebuffer, which changes the resulting
+.I image (6)
+after a call to its
+.CW draw
+or
+.CW memdraw
+methods. As of now, the only feature available is upscaling, which
+includes user-defined filters for specific ratios, such as the family
+of pixel art filters
+.I Scale[234]x ,
+used for 2x2, 3x3 and 4x4 scaling
+.I [?] . respectively
.PS
.ps 7
View: [
@@ -259,7 +299,7 @@
boxwid = 3
boxht = 2
box with .nw at (-1,1)
- "framebuffer" at last box.s + (0,0.2)
+ "Framebuf" at last box.s + (0,0.2)
circle fill rad 0.01 at (-1,1)
"p" at last circle.c - (0.1,0)
arrow from (-1,1) to (-1,1) + (1,0)
@@ -269,5 +309,9 @@
]
.ps 10
.PE
-.B "Figure 5" :
-Illustration of a 3:2 viewport.
+.FI "Illustration of a 3:2 viewport."
+.SH
+References
+.PP
+.IP [?]
+https://www.scale2x.it/
binary files a/doc/libgraphics.pdf b/doc/libgraphics.pdf differ
--- a/doc/libgraphics.ps
+++ b/doc/libgraphics.ps
@@ -619,779 +619,763 @@
mark
1 pagesetup
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10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
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cleartomark
showpage
saveobj restore
@@ -1402,296 +1386,419 @@
3 pagesetup
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
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7 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
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cleartomark
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saveobj restore
@@ -1702,49 +1809,133 @@
4 pagesetup
10 /LucidaSansUnicode00 f
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