ref: 4ddd8a9a67fbc9a87db127731e9b6ece9b4d8001
parent: 3d4d1cb32f3ade1510567aa8b481ee20752a116b
author: cbagwell <cbagwell>
date: Sat Oct 1 16:59:37 EDT 2005
more interface updates
--- a/libst.3
+++ b/libst.3
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
.P
.B ft_t st_open_input(const char *\fIpath\fB, const st_signalinfo_t *\fIinfo\fB, const char *\fIfiletype\fB);
.P
-.B ft_t st_open_output(const char *\fIpath\fB, const st_signalinfo_t *\fIinfo\fB, const char *\fIcomment\fB, const st_loopinfo_t *\fIloops\fB, const st_instrinfo_t *\fIinstr\fB, const char *\fIfiletype\fB);
+.B ft_t st_open_output(const char *\fIpath\fB, const st_signalinfo_t *\fIinfo\fB, const char *\fIfiletype\fB, const char *\fIcomment\fB);
.P
.B st_ssize_t st_read(ft_t \fIft\fB, st_sample_t *\fIbuf\fB, st_ssize_t \fIlen\fB);
.P
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
.P
\fBst_open_input\fR function opens the file for reading whose name is the string pointed to by \fIpath\fR and associates an ft_t with it. If \fIinfo\fR is non-NULL then it will be used to specify the data format of the input file. This is normally only needed for headerless audio files since the information is not stored in the file. If \fIfiletype\fR is non-NULL then it will be used to specify the file type. If this is not specified then the file type is attempted to be derived by looking at the file header and/or the filename extension. A special name of "-" can be used to read data from stdin.
.P
-\fBst_open_output\fR function opens the file for writing whose name is the string pointed to by \fIpath\fR and associates an ft_t with it. If \fIinfo\fR is non-NULL then it will be used to specify the data format of the output file. Since most file formats can write data in different data formats, this generally has to be specified. The info structure from the input format handler can be specified to copy data over in the same format. If \fIcomment\fR is non-NULL, it will be written in the file header for formats that support comments. If \fIloops\fR is specified, the loop information is written to the header of formats that spport loops. If \fIinstr\fR is non-NULL, it will be written in the file header for formats that suport instruments. Both \fIloops\fR and \fIinstr\fR data can be taken from the ft_t structure of an input file. If \fIfiletype\fR is non-NULL then it will be used to specify the file type. If this is not specified then the file type is attempted to be derived by looking at the filename extension. A special name of "-" can be used to write data to stdout.
+\fBst_open_output\fR function opens the file for writing whose name is the string pointed to by \fIpath\fR and associates an ft_t with it. If \fIinfo\fR is non-NULL then it will be used to specify the data format of the output file. Since most file formats can write data in different data formats, this generally has to be specified. The info structure from the input format handler can be specified to copy data over in the same format. If \fIcomment\fR is non-NULL, it will be written in the file header for formats that support comments. If \fIfiletype\fR is non-NULL then it will be used to specify the file type. If this is not specified then the file type is attempted to be derived by looking at the filename extension. A special name of "-" can be used to write data to stdout.
.P
The function \fBst_read\fR reads \fIlen\fR samples in to \fIbuf\fR using the format handler specified by \fIft\fR. All data read is converted to 32-bit signed samples before being placed in to \fIbuf\fR. The value of \fIlen\fR is specified in total samples. If its value is not evenly divisable by the number of channels, undefined behavior will occur.
.P
--- a/libst.txt
+++ b/libst.txt
@@ -6,30 +6,105 @@
libst - Sound Tools : sound sample file and effects libraries.
SYNOPSIS
+ #include <st.h>
+
+ ft_t st_open_input(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info, const
+ char *filetype);
+
+ ft_t st_open_output(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
+ const char *filetype, const char *comment);
+
+ st_ssize_t st_read(ft_t ft, st_sample_t *buf, st_ssize_t len);
+
+ st_ssize_t st_write(ft_t ft, st_sample_t *buf, st_ssize_t len);
+
+ int st_close(ft_t ft);
+
+ int st_seek(ft_t ft, st_size_t offset, int whence);
+
cc file.c -o file libst.a
DESCRIPTION
Sound Tools is a library of sound sample file format readers/writers
- and sound effects processors.
+ and sound effects processors. It is mainly developed for use by SoX
+ but is useful for any sound application.
+ st_open_input function opens the file for reading whose name is the
+ string pointed to by path and associates an ft_t with it. If info is
+ non-NULL then it will be used to specify the data format of the input
+ file. This is normally only needed for headerless audio files since
+ the information is not stored in the file. If filetype is non-NULL
+ then it will be used to specify the file type. If this is not speci-
+ fied then the file type is attempted to be derived by looking at the
+ file header and/or the filename extension. A special name of "-" can
+ be used to read data from stdin.
+
+ st_open_output function opens the file for writing whose name is the
+ string pointed to by path and associates an ft_t with it. If info is
+ non-NULL then it will be used to specify the data format of the output
+ file. Since most file formats can write data in different data for-
+ mats, this generally has to be specified. The info structure from the
+ input format handler can be specified to copy data over in the same
+ format. If comment is non-NULL, it will be written in the file header
+ for formats that support comments. If filetype is non-NULL then it will
+ be used to specify the file type. If this is not specified then the
+ file type is attempted to be derived by looking at the filename exten-
+ sion. A special name of "-" can be used to write data to stdout.
+
+ The function st_read reads len samples in to buf using the format han-
+ dler specified by ft. All data read is converted to 32-bit signed sam-
+ ples before being placed in to buf. The value of len is specified in
+ total samples. If its value is not evenly divisable by the number of
+ channels, undefined behavior will occur.
+
+ The function st_write writes len samples from buf using the format han-
+ dler specified by ft. Data in buf must be 32-bit signed samples and
+ will be converted during the write process. The value of len is speci-
+ fied in total samples. If its value is not evenly divisable by the
+ number of channels, undefined behavior will occur.
+
+ The st_close function dissociates the named ft_t from its underlying
+ file or set of functions. If the format handler was being used for
+ output, any buffered data is written first.
+
Sound Tools includes skeleton C files to assist you in writing new for-
- mats and effects. The full skeleton driver, skel.c, helps you write
- drivers for a new format which has data structures. The simple skele-
- ton drivers help you write a new driver for raw (headerless) formats,
+ mats and effects. The full skeleton driver, skel.c, helps you write
+ drivers for a new format which has data structures. The simple skele-
+ ton drivers help you write a new driver for raw (headerless) formats,
or for formats which just have a simple header followed by raw data.
- Most sound sample formats are fairly simple: they are just a string of
- bytes or words and are presumed to be sampled at a known data rate.
- Most of them have a short data structure at the beginning of the file.
+RETURN VALUE
+ Upon successful completion st_open_input and st_open_output return a
+ ft_t (which is a pointer). Otherwise, NULL is returned. TODO: Need a
+ what to return reason for failures. Currently, relies on st_warn to
+ print information.
+ st_read and st_write return the number of samples successfully read or
+ written. If an error occurs, or the end-of-file is reached, the return
+ value is a short item count or ST_EOF. TODO: st_read does not distigu-
+ ish between end-of-ifle and error. Need an feof() and ferror() concept
+ to determine which occured.
+
+ Upon successful completion st_close returns 0. Otherwise, ST_EOF is
+ returned. In either case, any further access (including another call
+ to st_close()) to the handler results in undefined behavior. TODO: Need
+ a way to return reason for failures. Currently, relies on st_warn to
+ print information.
+
+ Upon successful completion st_seek returns 0. Otherwise, ST_EOF is
+ returned. TODO Need to set a global error and implement st_tell.
+
+ERRORS
+ TODO
+
INTERNALS
The Sound Tools formats and effects operate on an internal buffer for-
mat of signed 32-bit longs. The data processing routines are called
with buffers of these samples, and buffer sizes which refer to the num-
ber of samples processed, not the number of bytes. File readers trans-
- late the input samples to signed longs and return the number of longs
- read. For example, data in linear signed byte format is left-shifted
- 24 bits.
+ late the input samples to signed 32-bit integers and return the number
+ of samples read. For example, data in linear signed byte format is
+ left-shifted 24 bits.
This does cause problems in processing the data. For example:
*obuf++ = (*ibuf++ + *ibuf++)/2;
@@ -49,10 +124,10 @@
format structure, and a private structure.
The format structure contains a list of control parameters for the sam-
- ple: sampling rate, data size (bytes, words, floats, etc.), encoding
- (unsigned, signed, logarithmic), number of sound channels. It also
- contains other state information: whether the sample file needs to be
- byte-swapped, whether fseek() will work, its suffix, its file stream
+ ple: sampling rate, data size (8, 16, or 32 bits), encoding (unsigned,
+ signed, floating point, etc.), number of sound channels. It also con-
+ tains other state information: whether the sample file needs to be
+ byte-swapped, whether st_seek() will work, its suffix, its file stream
pointer, its format pointer, and the private structure for the format .
The private area is just a preallocated data array for the format to
@@ -120,32 +195,16 @@
own. See echo.c for how to do this, and see that
what it does is absolutely bogus.
-COMMENTS
- Theoretically, formats can be used to manipulate several files inside
- one program. Multi-sample files, for example the download for a sam-
- pling keyboard, can be handled cleanly with this feature.
-
-PORTABILITY PROBLEMS
- Many computers don’t supply arithmetic shifting, so do multiplies and
- divides instead of << and >>. The compiler will do the right thing if
- the CPU supplies arithmetic shifting.
-
- Do all arithmetic conversions one stage at a time. I’ve had too many
- problems with "obviously clean" combinations.
-
- In general, don’t worry about "efficiency". The sox.c base translator
- is disk-bound on any machine (other than a 8088 PC with an SMD disk
- controller). Just comment your code and make sure it’s clean and sim-
- ple. You’ll find that DSP code is extremely painful to write as it is.
-
BUGS
- The HCOM format is not re-entrant; it can only be used once in a pro-
+ The HCOM format is not re-entrant; it can only be used once in a pro-
gram.
- The program/library interface is pretty weak. There’s too much ad-hoc
- information which a program is supposed to gather up. Sound Tools
- wants to be an object-oriented dataflow architecture.
+ On errors, the effects currently invoke st_fail and rely on that call-
+ ing exit(). They do not currently gracefully fail.
+ The program/library interface is pretty weak.
- October 15 1996 ST(3)
+
+
+ September 26 2005 ST(3)
--- a/sox.txt
+++ b/sox.txt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
General options:
- [ -h ] [ -p ] [ -V ]
+ [ -h ] [ -p ] [ -q ] [ -S ] [ -V ]
Format options:
[ -t filetype ] [ -r rate ] [ -s/-u/-U/-A/-a/-i/-g/-f ]
@@ -144,125 +144,153 @@
soxmix music.wav voice.wav mixed.wav
+ Filenames:
+
+ SoX can be used as a part of pipe operations by using the special file-
+ names of "-". If specified as an input name, it will read data from
+ stdin. If specified as an output name, it will send data to stdout.
+
+ General options:
+
+ -h Print version number and usage information.
+
+ -p Run in preview mode and run fast. This will somewhat speed
+ up SoX when the output format has a different number of chan-
+ nels and a different rate than the input file. Currently,
+ this defaults to using the rate effect instead of the resam-
+ ple effect for sample rate changes.
+
+ -q Run in quite mode when SoX wouldn’t otherwise do that.
+ Inverse of -S option.
+
+ -S Print status while processing audio data. Tells how much of
+ audio data has been processed in terms of audio running time
+ instead of samples.
+
+ -V Print a description of processing phases. Useful for figur-
+ ing out exactly how SoX
+
+ is mangling your sound samples.
+
Format options:
- Format options effect the audio samples that they immediately precede.
- If they are placed before the input file name then they effect the
- input data. If they are placed before the output file name then they
- will effect the output data. By taking advantage of this, you can
- override a input file’s corrupted header or produce an output file that
- is totally different style then the input file. It is also how SoX is
- informed about the format of raw input data.
+ Format options effect the input or output file that they immediately
+ precede.
+ Self describing input files can obtain all the format information
+ directly from the header and so don’t generally need format options.
+ Headerless input files lack this information and so format options must
+ be used to inform SoX of the file’s data type, sample rate, and number
+ of channels.
+
+ By default, SoX attempts to write audio data using the same data type,
+ sample rate, and channel count as the input data. If the user wants
+ the output file to be of a different format then format options can be
+ used to specify the differences.
+
+ If an output file format doesn’t support the same data type, sample
+ rate, or channel count as the input file format, then SoX will auto
+ select the closest values it does support so that the user does not
+ have to specify these format change options manually.
+
-t filetype
- gives the type of the sound sample file. Useful when file
- extension is not standard or for specifying the .auto file
- type.
+ gives the type of the sound sample file. Useful when file
+ extension is not standard or can not be determeind by looking
+ at the header of the file.
- -r rate Gives the sample rate in Hertz of the file. To cause the
- output file to have a different sample rate than the input
- file, include this option as a part of the output options.
+ -r rate Gives the sample rate in Hertz of the file. To cause the
+ output file to have a different sample rate than the input
+ file, include this option as a part of the output format
+ options.
If the input and output files have different rates then a
- sample rate change effect must be ran. If a sample rate
- changing effect is not specified then a default one will
- internally be ran by SoX using its default parameters.
+ sample rate change effect must be ran. Since SoX has multi-
+ ple rate changing effects, the user can specify which to use
+ as an effect. If no rate change effect is specified then a
+ default one will be chosen.
- -v volume Change amplitude (floating point); less than 1.0 decreases,
- greater than 1.0 increases. May use a negative number to
- invert the phase of the audio data. It is interesting to
+ -v volume Change amplitude (floating point); less than 1.0 decreases,
+ greater than 1.0 increases. May use a negative number to
+ invert the phase of the audio data. It is interesting to
note that we perceive volume logarithmically but this adjusts
the amplitude linearly.
- As with other format options, the volume option effects the
+ As with other format options, the volume option effects the
file its specified with. This is useful whe processing muti-
ple input files as the volume adjustment can be specified for
each input file or just once to adjust the output file. This
- can be compared to an audio mixer were you can control the
- volume of each input as well as a master volume (output
+ can be compared to an audio mixer were you can control the
+ volume of each input as well as a master volume (output
side).
- soxmix defaults the value of the -v option for each input
- file to 1/input_file_count. This means if your mixing two
+ soxmix defaults the value of the -v option for each input
+ file to 1/input_file_count. This means if your mixing two
input files together then each input file’s volume is
- adjusted by 0.5. This is done to prevent clipping of audio
+ adjusted by 0.5. This is done to prevent clipping of audio
data during the mixing operation. Users will most likely not
be happy with this large of a volume adjustment and can spec-
ify the -v option to override this default value.
Note: For the non-mixing case, see the stat effect for infor-
- mation on finding the maximum volume adjustment that can be
- done with this option without causing audio data to be
+ mation on finding the maximum volume adjustment that can be
+ done with this option without causing audio data to be
clipped.
-s/-u/-U/-A/-a/-i/-g/-f
- The sample data encoding is signed linear (2’s complement),
- unsigned linear, u-law (logarithmic), A-law (logarithmic),
+ The sample data encoding is signed linear (2’s complement),
+ unsigned linear, u-law (logarithmic), A-law (logarithmic),
ADPCM, IMA_ADPCM, GSM, or Floating-point.
- U-law (actually shorthand for mu-law) and A-law are the U.S.
- and international standards for logarithmic telephone sound
- compression. When uncompressed u-law has roughly the preci-
- sion of 14-bit PCM audio and A-law has roughly the precision
+ U-law (actually shorthand for mu-law) and A-law are the U.S.
+ and international standards for logarithmic telephone sound
+ compression. When uncompressed u-law has roughly the preci-
+ sion of 14-bit PCM audio and A-law has roughly the precision
of 13-bit PCM audio.
- A-law and u-law data is sometimes encoded using a reversed
- bit-ordering (ie. MSB becomes LSB). Internally, SoX under-
- stands how to work with this encoding but there is currently
- no command line option to specify it. If you need this sup-
- port then you can use the psuedo file types of ".la" and
- ".lu" to inform sox of the encoding. See supported file
+ A-law and u-law data is sometimes encoded using a reversed
+ bit-ordering (ie. MSB becomes LSB). Internally, SoX under-
+ stands how to work with this encoding but there is currently
+ no command line option to specify it. If you need this sup-
+ port then you can use the psuedo file types of ".la" and
+ ".lu" to inform sox of the encoding. See supported file
types for more information.
- ADPCM is a form of sound compression that has a good compro-
- mise between good sound quality and fast encoding/decoding
- time. It is used for telephone sound compression and places
+ ADPCM is a form of sound compression that has a good compro-
+ mise between good sound quality and fast encoding/decoding
+ time. It is used for telephone sound compression and places
were full fidelity is not as important. When uncompressed it
- has roughly the precision of 16-bit PCM audio. Popular ver-
+ has roughly the precision of 16-bit PCM audio. Popular ver-
sion of ADPCM include G.726, MS ADPCM, and IMA ADPCM. The -a
- flag has different meanings in different file handlers. In
- .wav files it represents MS ADPCM files, in all others it
- means G.726 ADPCM. IMA ADPCM is a specific form of ADPCM
- compression, slightly simpler and slightly lower fidelity
- than Microsoft’s flavor of ADPCM. IMA ADPCM is also called
+ flag has different meanings in different file handlers. In
+ .wav files it represents MS ADPCM files, in all others it
+ means G.726 ADPCM. IMA ADPCM is a specific form of ADPCM
+ compression, slightly simpler and slightly lower fidelity
+ than Microsoft’s flavor of ADPCM. IMA ADPCM is also called
DVI ADPCM.
- GSM is a standard used for telephone sound compression in
- European countries and its gaining popularity because of its
- quality. It usually is CPU intensive to work with GSM audio
+ GSM is a standard used for telephone sound compression in
+ European countries and its gaining popularity because of its
+ quality. It usually is CPU intensive to work with GSM audio
data.
-b/-w/-l/-d
- The sample data size is in bytes, 16-bit words, 32-bit long
+ The sample data size is in bytes, 16-bit words, 32-bit long
words, or 64-bit double long (long long) words.
- -x The sample data is in XINU format; that is, it comes from a
- machine with the opposite word order than yours and must be
- swapped according to the word-size given above. Only 16-bit
- and 32-bit integer data may be swapped. Machine-format
+ -x The sample data is in XINU format; that is, it comes from a
+ machine with the opposite word order than yours and must be
+ swapped according to the word-size given above. Only 16-bit
+ and 32-bit integer data may be swapped. Machine-format
floating-point data is not portable.
-c channels
- The number of sound channels in the data file. This may be
- 1, 2, or 4; for mono, stereo, or quad sound data. To cause
- the output file to have a different number of channels than
- the input file, include this option with the output file
- options. If the input and output file have a different num-
+ The number of sound channels in the data file. This may be
+ 1, 2, or 4; for mono, stereo, or quad sound data. To cause
+ the output file to have a different number of channels than
+ the input file, include this option with the output file
+ options. If the input and output file have a different num-
ber of channels then the avg effect must be used. If the avg
- effect is not specified on the command line it will be
+ effect is not specified on the command line it will be
invoked internally with default parameters.
- -e When used after the input filename (so that it applies to the
- output file) it allows you to avoid giving an output filename
- and will not produce an output file. It will apply any spec-
- ified effects to the input file. This is mainly useful with
- the stat effect but can be used with others.
+ -e When specified after the last input filename (so that it
+ applies to the output file) it allows you to avoid giving an
+ output filename and will not produce an output file. It will
+ apply any specified effects to the input file. This is
+ mainly useful with the stat effect but can be used.
- General options:
-
- -h Print version number and usage information.
-
- -p Run in preview mode and run fast. This will somewhat speed
- up SoX when the output format has a different number of chan-
- nels and a different rate than the input file. Currently,
- this defaults to using the rate effect instead of the resam-
- ple effect for sample rate changes.
-
- -V Print a description of processing phases. Useful for figur-
- ing out exactly how SoX is mangling your sound samples.
-
FILE TYPES
SoX attempts to determine the file type of input files automatically by
looking at the header of the audio file. When it is unable to detect
@@ -474,7 +502,7 @@
vorbis See .ogg format.
- vox A headerless file of Dialogic/OKI ADPCM audio data commonly
+ .vox A headerless file of Dialogic/OKI ADPCM audio data commonly
comes with the extension .vox. This ADPCM data has 12-bit
precision packed into only 4-bits.
@@ -483,15 +511,18 @@
same. They are the native sound file format of Windows.
(Obviously, Windows was of such incredible importance to the
computer industry that it just had to have its own sound file
- format.) Normally .wav files have all formatting information
- in their headers, and so do not need any format options spec-
- ified for an input file. If any are, they will override the
- file header, and you will be warned to this effect. You had
- better know what you are doing! Output format options will
- cause a format conversion, and the .wav will written appro-
- priately. SoX currently can read PCM, ULAW, ALAW, MS ADPCM,
- and IMA (or DVI) ADPCM. It can write all of these formats
- including (NEW!) the ADPCM encoding.
+ format.)
+ Normally .wav files have all formatting information in their
+ headers, and so do not need any format options specified for
+ an input file. If any are, they will override the file
+ header, and you will be warned to this effect. You had bet-
+ ter know what you are doing! Output format options will cause
+ a format conversion, and the .wav will written appropriately.
+ SoX currently can read PCM, ULAW, ALAW, MS ADPCM, and IMA (or
+ DVI) ADPCM. It can write all of these formats including the
+ ADPCM encoding. Big endian versions of RIFF files, called
+ RIFX, can also be read and written. To write a RIFX file,
+ use the -x option with the output file options.
.wve Psion 8-bit A-law
These are 8-bit A-law 8khz sound files used on the Psion
@@ -516,12 +547,12 @@
headers.) Similarly, most Mac sound files are in unsigned
byte format with a sample rate of 11025 or 22050 hz.
- .auto This is a ‘‘meta-type’’: specifying this type for an input
- file triggers some code that tries to guess the real type by
- looking for magic words in the header. If the type can’t be
- guessed, the program exits with an error message. The input
- must be a plain file, not a pipe. This type can’t be used
- for output files.
+ .auto This is a ‘‘meta-type’’ and is the default file type if the
+ user does not specify one. This file type attempts to guess
+ the real type by looking for magic words in the header. If
+ the type can’t be guessed, the program exits with an error
+ message. The input must be a plain file, not a pipe. This
+ type can’t be used for output files.
EFFECTS
Multiple effects may be applied to the audio data by specifying them
@@ -692,8 +723,8 @@
fade-out-length is not specified, it defaults to the same
value as fade-in-length. No fade-out is performed if the
stop-time is not specified.
- All times can be specified in either periods of time or sam-
- ple counts. To specify time periods use the format
+ All times can be specified in either periods of time or
+ sample counts. To specify time periods use the format
hh:mm:ss.frac format. To specify using sample counts, spec-
ify the number of samples and append the letter ’s’ to the
sample count (for example 8000s).
@@ -776,9 +807,9 @@
as hiss or hum. To use it, first run the noiseprof effect on
a section of silence (that is, a section which contains noth-
ing but noise). The noiseprof effect will print a noise pro-
- file to profile-fire-fR, or to stdout if no profile-file is
+ file to profile-file, or to stdout if no profile-file is
specified. If there is sound output on stdout then the pro-
- file will next be directed to stderr.
+ file will instead be directed to stderr.
To actually remove the noise, run SoX again with the noisered
filter. The filter needs one argument, profile-file, which
@@ -866,32 +897,31 @@
for CD-quality sound you should instead use either resample
or polyphase. If you are wondering which rate changing
effects to use, you will want to read a detailed analysis of
- all of them at http://eakaw2.et.tu-dresden.de/~wilde/resam-
- ple/resample.html
+ all of them at http://leute.server.de/wilde/resample.html
repeat count
- Repeats the audio data count times. Requires disk space to
+ Repeats the audio data count times. Requires disk space to
store the data to be repeated.
resample [ -qs | -q | -ql ] [ rolloff [ beta ] ]
- Translate input sampling rate to output sampling rate via
- simulated analog filtration. This method is slower than
+ Translate input sampling rate to output sampling rate via
+ simulated analog filtration. This method is slower than
rate, but gives much better results.
By default, linear interpolation is used, with a window width
about 45 samples at the lower of the two rate. This gives an
- accuracy of about 16 bits, but insufficient stopband rejec-
- tion in the case that you want to have rolloff greater than
+ accuracy of about 16 bits, but insufficient stopband rejec-
+ tion in the case that you want to have rolloff greater than
about 0.80 of the Nyquist frequency.
- The -q* options will change the default values for rolloff
- and beta as well as use quadratic interpolation of filter
+ The -q* options will change the default values for rolloff
+ and beta as well as use quadratic interpolation of filter
coefficients, resulting in about 24 bits precision. The -qs,
- -q, or -ql options specify increased accuracy at the cost of
+ -q, or -ql options specify increased accuracy at the cost of
lower execution speed. It is optional to specify rolloff and
beta parameters when using the -q* options.
- Following is a table of the reasonable defaults which are
+ Following is a table of the reasonable defaults which are
built-in to SoX:
Option Window rolloff beta interpolation
@@ -903,67 +933,67 @@
------ ------ ------- ---- -------------
-qs, -q, or -ql use window lengths of 45, 75, or 149 samples,
- respectively, at the lower sample-rate of the two files.
+ respectively, at the lower sample-rate of the two files.
This means progressively sharper stop-band rejection, at pro-
portionally slower execution times.
- rolloff refers to the cut-off frequency of the low pass fil-
- ter and is given in terms of the Nyquist frequency for the
- lower sample rate. rolloff therefore should be something
- between 0.0 and 1.0, in practice 0.8-0.95. The defaults are
+ rolloff refers to the cut-off frequency of the low pass fil-
+ ter and is given in terms of the Nyquist frequency for the
+ lower sample rate. rolloff therefore should be something
+ between 0.0 and 1.0, in practice 0.8-0.95. The defaults are
indicated above.
- The Nyquist frequency is equal to (sample rate / 2). Logi-
- cally, this is because the A/D converter needs at least 2
+ The Nyquist frequency is equal to (sample rate / 2). Logi-
+ cally, this is because the A/D converter needs at least 2
samples to detect 1 cycle at the Nyquist frequency. Frequen-
- cies higher then the Nyquist will actually appear as lower
- frequencies to the A/D converter and is called aliasing.
+ cies higher then the Nyquist will actually appear as lower
+ frequencies to the A/D converter and is called aliasing.
Normally, A/D converts run the signal through a highpass fil-
ter first to avoid these problems.
- Similar problems will happen in software when reducing the
- sample rate of an audio file (frequencies above the new
- Nyquist frequency can be aliased to lower frequencies).
- Therefore, a good resample effect will remove all frequency
+ Similar problems will happen in software when reducing the
+ sample rate of an audio file (frequencies above the new
+ Nyquist frequency can be aliased to lower frequencies).
+ Therefore, a good resample effect will remove all frequency
information above the new Nyquist frequency.
The rolloff refers to how close to the Nyquist frequency this
- cutoff is, with closer being better. When increasing the
+ cutoff is, with closer being better. When increasing the
sample rate of an audio file you would not expect to have any
- frequencies exist that are past the original Nyquist fre-
- quency. Because of resampling properties, it is common to
+ frequencies exist that are past the original Nyquist fre-
+ quency. Because of resampling properties, it is common to
have aliasing data created that is above the old Nyquist fre-
- quency. In that case the rolloff refers to how close to the
+ quency. In that case the rolloff refers to how close to the
original Nyquist frequency to use a highpass filter to remove
this false data, with closer also being better.
The beta parameter determines the type of filter window used.
- Any value greater than 2.0 is the beta for a Kaiser window.
- Beta <= 2.0 selects a Nuttall window. If unspecified, the
+ Any value greater than 2.0 is the beta for a Kaiser window.
+ Beta <= 2.0 selects a Nuttall window. If unspecified, the
default is a Kaiser window with beta 16.
- In the case of Kaiser window (beta > 2.0), lower betas pro-
- duce a somewhat faster transition from passband to stopband,
- at the cost of noticeable artifacts. A beta of 16 is the
+ In the case of Kaiser window (beta > 2.0), lower betas pro-
+ duce a somewhat faster transition from passband to stopband,
+ at the cost of noticeable artifacts. A beta of 16 is the
default, beta less than 10 is not recommended. If you want a
- sharper cutoff, don’t use low beta’s, use a longer sample
- window. A Nuttall window is selected by specifying any
+ sharper cutoff, don’t use low beta’s, use a longer sample
+ window. A Nuttall window is selected by specifying any
’beta’ <= 2, and the Nuttall window has somewhat steeper cut-
- off than the default Kaiser window. You will probably not
- need to use the beta parameter at all, unless you are just
- curious about comparing the effects of Nuttall vs. Kaiser
+ off than the default Kaiser window. You will probably not
+ need to use the beta parameter at all, unless you are just
+ curious about comparing the effects of Nuttall vs. Kaiser
windows.
- This is the default effect if the two files have different
- sampling rates. Default parameters are, as indicated above,
- Kaiser window of length 45, rolloff 0.80, beta 16, linear
+ This is the default effect if the two files have different
+ sampling rates. Default parameters are, as indicated above,
+ Kaiser window of length 45, rolloff 0.80, beta 16, linear
interpolation.
- NOTE: -qs is only slightly slower, but more accurate for
+ NOTE: -qs is only slightly slower, but more accurate for
16-bit or higher precision.
- NOTE: In many cases of up-sampling, no interpolation is
- needed, as exact filter coefficients can be computed in a
+ NOTE: In many cases of up-sampling, no interpolation is
+ needed, as exact filter coefficients can be computed in a
reasonable amount of space. To be precise, this is done when
input_rate < output_rate
@@ -971,13 +1001,13 @@
output_rate/gcd(input_rate,output_rate) <= 511
reverb gain-out reverbe-time delay [ delay ... ]
- Add reverberation to a sound sample. Each delay is given in
+ Add reverberation to a sound sample. Each delay is given in
milliseconds and its feedback is depending on the reverb-time
- in milliseconds. Each delay should be in the range of half
- to quarter of reverb-time to get a realistic reverberation.
+ in milliseconds. Each delay should be in the range of half
+ to quarter of reverb-time to get a realistic reverberation.
Gain-out is the volume of the output.
- reverse Reverse the sound sample completely. Included for finding
+ reverse Reverse the sound sample completely. Included for finding
Satanic subliminals.
silence above_periods [ duration threshold[ d | % ]
@@ -985,99 +1015,99 @@
[ below_periods duration
threshold[ d | % ]]
- Removes silence from the beginning or end of a sound file.
+ Removes silence from the beginning or end of a sound file.
Silence is anything below a specified threshold.
When trimming silence from the beginning of a sound file, you
- specify a duration of audio that is above a given silence
+ specify a duration of audio that is above a given silence
threshold before audio data is processed. You can also spec-
- ify the count of periods of none-silence you want to detect
- before processing audio data. Specify a period of 0 if you
+ ify the count of periods of none-silence you want to detect
+ before processing audio data. Specify a period of 0 if you
do not want to trim data from the front of the sound file.
- When optionally trimming silence form the end of a sound
- file, you specify the duration of audio that must be below a
- given threshold before stopping to process audio data. A
- count of periods that occur below the threshold may also be
- specified. If this options are not specified then data is
+ When optionally trimming silence from the end of a sound
+ file, you specify the duration of audio that must be below a
+ given threshold before stopping to process audio data. A
+ count of periods that occur below the threshold may also be
+ specified. If this options are not specified then data is
not trimmed from the end of the audio file. If below_periods
- is negative, it is treated as a positive value and is also
- used to indicate the effect should restart processing as
+ is negative, it is treated as a positive value and is also
+ used to indicate the effect should restart processing as
specified by the above_periods, making it suitable for remov-
ing periods of silence in the middle of a sound file.
- Duration counts may be in the format of time, hh:mm:ss.frac,
+ Duration counts may be in the format of time, hh:mm:ss.frac,
or in the exact count of samples.
Threshold may be suffixed with d, or % to indicated the value
- is in decibels or a percentage of max value of the sample
+ is in decibels or a percentage of max value of the sample
value. A value of ’0%’ will look for total silence.
speed [ -c ] factor
- Speed up or down the sound, as a magnetic tape with a speed
- control. It affects both pitch and time. A factor of 1.0
+ Speed up or down the sound, as a magnetic tape with a speed
+ control. It affects both pitch and time. A factor of 1.0
means no change, and is the default. 2.0 doubles speed, thus
- time length is cut by a half and pitch is one octave higher.
- 0.5 halves speed thus time length doubles and pitch is one
- octave lower. If the optional -c parameter is used then the
+ time length is cut by a half and pitch is one octave higher.
+ 0.5 halves speed thus time length doubles and pitch is one
+ octave lower. If the optional -c parameter is used then the
factor is specified in "cents".
stat [ -s n ] [-rms ] [ -v ] [ -d ]
- Do a statistical check on the input file, and print results
- on the standard error file. Audio data is passed unmodified
- from input to output file unless used along with the -e
+ Do a statistical check on the input file, and print results
+ on the standard error file. Audio data is passed unmodified
+ from input to output file unless used along with the -e
option.
- The "Volume Adjustment:" field in the statistics gives you
- the argument to the -v number which will make the sample as
+ The "Volume Adjustment:" field in the statistics gives you
+ the argument to the -v number which will make the sample as
loud as possible without clipping.
The option -v will print out the "Volume Adjustment:" field’s
- value only and return. This could be of use in scripts to
+ value only and return. This could be of use in scripts to
auto convert the volume.
- The -s n option is used to scale the input data by a given
- factor. The default value of n is the max value of a signed
- long variable (0x7fffffff). Internal effects always work
- with signed long PCM data and so the value should relate to
+ The -s n option is used to scale the input data by a given
+ factor. The default value of n is the max value of a signed
+ long variable (0x7fffffff). Internal effects always work
+ with signed long PCM data and so the value should relate to
this fact.
- The -rms option will convert all output average values to
+ The -rms option will convert all output average values to
root mean square format.
- There is also an optional parameter -d that will print out a
- hex dump of the sound file from the internal buffer that is
- in 32-bit signed PCM data. This is mainly only of use in
- tracking down endian problems that creep in to SoX on cross-
+ There is also an optional parameter -d that will print out a
+ hex dump of the sound file from the internal buffer that is
+ in 32-bit signed PCM data. This is mainly only of use in
+ tracking down endian problems that creep in to SoX on cross-
platform versions.
stretch factor [window fade shift fading]
- Time stretch file by a given factor. Change duration without
- affecting the pitch. factor of stretching: >1.0 lengthen,
- <1.0 shorten duration. window size is in ms. Default is
- 20ms. The fade option, can be "lin". shift ratio, in [0.0
- 1.0]. Default depends on stretch factor. 1.0 to shorten, 0.8
+ Time stretch file by a given factor. Change duration without
+ affecting the pitch. factor of stretching: >1.0 lengthen,
+ <1.0 shorten duration. window size is in ms. Default is
+ 20ms. The fade option, can be "lin". shift ratio, in [0.0
+ 1.0]. Default depends on stretch factor. 1.0 to shorten, 0.8
to lengthen. The fading ratio, in [0.0 0.5]. The amount of a
fade’s default depends on factor and shift.
swap [ 1 2 | 1 2 3 4 ]
- Swap channels in multi-channel sound files. Optionally, you
- may specify the channel order you would like the output in.
- This defaults to output channel 2 and then 1 for stereo and
+ Swap channels in multi-channel sound files. Optionally, you
+ may specify the channel order you would like the output in.
+ This defaults to output channel 2 and then 1 for stereo and
2, 1, 4, 3 for quad-channels. An interesting feature is that
- you may duplicate a given channel by overwriting another.
- This is done by repeating an output channel on the command
- line. For example, swap 2 2 will overwrite channel 1 with
- channel 2’s data; creating a stereo file with both channels
+ you may duplicate a given channel by overwriting another.
+ This is done by repeating an output channel on the command
+ line. For example, swap 2 2 will overwrite channel 1 with
+ channel 2’s data; creating a stereo file with both channels
containing the same audio data.
synth [ length ] type mix [ freq [ -freq2 ]
[ off ] [ ph ] [ p1 ] [ p2 ] [ p3 ]
- The synth effect will generate various types of audio data.
+ The synth effect will generate various types of audio data.
Although this effect is used to generate audio data, an input
- file must be specified. The length of the input audio file
+ file must be specified. The length of the input audio file
determines the length of the output audio file.
<length> length in sec or hh:mm:ss.frac, 0=inputlength,
default=0
- <type> is sine, square, triangle, sawtooth, trapetz, exp,
+ <type> is sine, square, triangle, sawtooth, trapetz, exp,
whitenoise, pinknoise, brownnoise, default=sine
<mix> is create, mix, amod, default=create
<freq> frequency at beginning in Hz, not used for noise..
@@ -1085,66 +1115,66 @@
<freq/2> can be given as %%n, where ’n’ is the number of half
notes in respect to A (440Hz)
<off> Bias (DC-offset) of signal in percent, default=0
- <ph> phase shift 0..100 shift phase 0..2*Pi, not used for
+ <ph> phase shift 0..100 shift phase 0..2*Pi, not used for
noise..
- <p1> square: Ton/Toff, triangle+trapetz: rising slope time
+ <p1> square: Ton/Toff, triangle+trapetz: rising slope time
(0..100)
<p2> trapetz: ON time (0..100)
<p3> trapetz: falling slope position (0..100)
trim start [ length ]
- Trim can trim off unwanted audio data from the beginning and
- end of the audio file. Audio samples are not sent to the
+ Trim can trim off unwanted audio data from the beginning and
+ end of the audio file. Audio samples are not sent to the
output stream until the start location is reached.
- The optional length parameter tells the number of samples to
- output after the start sample and is used to trim off the
- back side of the audio data. Using a value of 0 for the
+ The optional length parameter tells the number of samples to
+ output after the start sample and is used to trim off the
+ back side of the audio data. Using a value of 0 for the
start parameter will allow trimming off the back side only.
- Both options can be specified using either an amount of time
- and an exact count of samples. The format for specifying
- lengths in time is hh:mm:ss.frac. A start value of 1:30.5
- will not start until 1 minute, thirty and 1/2 seconds into
- the audio data. The format for specifying sample counts is
- the number of samples with the letter ’s’ appended to it. A
- value of 8000s will wait until 8000 samples are read before
+ Both options can be specified using either an amount of time
+ and an exact count of samples. The format for specifying
+ lengths in time is hh:mm:ss.frac. A start value of 1:30.5
+ will not start until 1 minute, thirty and 1/2 seconds into
+ the audio data. The format for specifying sample counts is
+ the number of samples with the letter ’s’ appended to it. A
+ value of 8000s will wait until 8000 samples are read before
starting to process audio data.
vibro speed [ depth ]
- Add the world-famous Fender Vibro-Champ sound effect to a
- sound sample by using a sine wave as the volume knob. Speed
- gives the Hertz value of the wave. This must be under 30.
- Depth gives the amount the volume is cut into by the sine
+ Add the world-famous Fender Vibro-Champ sound effect to a
+ sound sample by using a sine wave as the volume knob. Speed
+ gives the Hertz value of the wave. This must be under 30.
+ Depth gives the amount the volume is cut into by the sine
wave, ranging 0.0 to 1.0 and defaulting to 0.5.
vol gain [ type [ limitergain ] ]
- The vol effect is much like the command line option -v. It
- allows you to adjust the volume of an input file and allows
- you to specify the adjustment in relation to amplitude,
- power, or dB. If type is not specified then it defaults to
+ The vol effect is much like the command line option -v. It
+ allows you to adjust the volume of an input file and allows
+ you to specify the adjustment in relation to amplitude,
+ power, or dB. If type is not specified then it defaults to
amplitude.
- When type is amplitude then a linear change of the amplitude
- is performed based on the gain. Therefore, a value of 1.0
- will keep the volume the same, 0.0 to < 1.0 will cause the
- volume to decrease and values of > 1.0 will cause the volume
- to increase. Beware of clipping audio data when the gain is
+ When type is amplitude then a linear change of the amplitude
+ is performed based on the gain. Therefore, a value of 1.0
+ will keep the volume the same, 0.0 to < 1.0 will cause the
+ volume to decrease and values of > 1.0 will cause the volume
+ to increase. Beware of clipping audio data when the gain is
greater then 1.0. A negative value performs the same adjust-
ment while also changing the phase.
- When type is power then a value of 1.0 also means no change
+ When type is power then a value of 1.0 also means no change
in volume.
- When type is dB the amplitude is changed logarithmically.
+ When type is dB the amplitude is changed logarithmically.
0.0 is constant while +6 doubles the amplitude.
- An optional limitergain value can be specified and should be
+ An optional limitergain value can be specified and should be
a value much less then 1.0 (ie 0.05 or 0.02) and is used only
- on peaks to prevent clipping. Not specifying this parameter
- will cause no limiter to be used. In verbose mode, this
- effect will display the percentage of audio data that needed
+ on peaks to prevent clipping. Not specifying this parameter
+ will cause no limiter to be used. In verbose mode, this
+ effect will display the percentage of audio data that needed
to be limited.
BUGS
- The syntax is horrific. Thats the breaks when trying to handle all
+ The syntax is horrific. Thats the breaks when trying to handle all
things from the command line.
- Please report any bugs found in this version of SoX to Chris Bagwell
+ Please report any bugs found in this version of SoX to Chris Bagwell
(cbagwell@users.sourceforge.net)
FILES
@@ -1152,9 +1182,9 @@
play(1), rec(1), soxexam(1)
NOTICES
- The version of SoX that accompanies this manual page is support by
+ The version of SoX that accompanies this manual page is support by
Chris Bagwell (cbagwell@users.sourceforge.net). Please refer any ques-
- tions regarding it to this address. You may obtain the latest version
+ tions regarding it to this address. You may obtain the latest version
at the the web site http://sox.sourceforge.net/
AUTHOR
--- a/src/sox.c
+++ b/src/sox.c
@@ -242,12 +242,12 @@
if (!file_opts[i]->uservolume)
file_opts[i]->volume = 1.0 / input_count;
#endif
- file_desc[i] = st_open_input(file_opts[i]->filename,
- &file_opts[i]->info,
- file_opts[i]->filetype);
+ file_desc[i] = st_open_read(file_opts[i]->filename,
+ &file_opts[i]->info,
+ file_opts[i]->filetype);
if (!file_desc[i])
{- /* st_open_input() will call st_warn for most errors.
+ /* st_open_read() will call st_warn for most errors.
* Rely on that printing something.
*/
cleanup();
@@ -508,16 +508,16 @@
}
file_desc[file_count-1] =
- st_open_output(file_opts[file_count-1]->filename,
- &file_opts[file_count-1]->info,
- file_desc[0]->comment,
- loops,
- &file_desc[0]->instr,
- file_opts[file_count-1]->filetype);
+ st_open_write_instr(file_opts[file_count-1]->filename,
+ &file_opts[file_count-1]->info,
+ file_opts[file_count-1]->filetype,
+ file_desc[0]->comment,
+ &file_desc[0]->instr,
+ loops);
if (!file_desc[file_count-1])
{- /* st_open_output() will call st_warn for most errors.
+ /* st_open_write() will call st_warn for most errors.
* Rely on that printing something.
*/
cleanup();
--- a/src/st.h
+++ b/src/st.h
@@ -255,12 +255,14 @@
extern st_effect_t st_effects[]; /* declared in handlers.c */
-extern ft_t st_open_input(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
- const char *filetype);
-extern ft_t st_open_output(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
- const char *comment, const st_loopinfo_t *loops,
- const st_instrinfo_t *instr,
- const char *filetype);
+extern ft_t st_open_read(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
+ const char *filetype);
+extern ft_t st_open_write(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
+ const char *filetype, const char *comment);
+extern ft_t st_open_write_instr(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
+ const char *filetype, const char *comment,
+ const st_instrinfo_t *instr,
+ const st_loopinfo_t *loops);
extern st_ssize_t st_read(ft_t ft, st_sample_t *buf, st_ssize_t len);
extern st_ssize_t st_write(ft_t ft, st_sample_t *buf, st_ssize_t len);
extern int st_close(ft_t ft);
--- a/src/stio.c
+++ b/src/stio.c
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@
return ST_SUCCESS;
}
-ft_t st_open_input(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
- const char *filetype)
+ft_t st_open_read(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
+ const char *filetype)
{ft_t ft;
@@ -166,10 +166,10 @@
#define LASTCHAR '/'
#endif
-ft_t st_open_output(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
- const char *comment, const st_loopinfo_t *loops,
- const st_instrinfo_t *instr,
- const char *filetype)
+ft_t st_open_write_instr(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
+ const char *filetype, const char *comment,
+ const st_instrinfo_t *instr,
+ const st_loopinfo_t *loops)
{ft_t ft;
int i;
@@ -259,13 +259,17 @@
else
ft->comment = strdup("Processed by SoX");- for (i = 0; i < ST_MAX_NLOOPS; i++)
+ if (loops)
{- ft->loops[i] = loops[i];
+ for (i = 0; i < ST_MAX_NLOOPS; i++)
+ {+ ft->loops[i] = loops[i];
+ }
}
/* leave SMPTE # alone since it's absolute */
- ft->instr = *instr;
+ if (instr)
+ ft->instr = *instr;
/* FIXME: Remove ft->swap from code */
ft->swap = ft->info.swap;
@@ -294,6 +298,12 @@
free(ft->filetype);
free(ft);
return NULL;
+}
+
+ft_t st_open_write(const char *path, const st_signalinfo_t *info,
+ const char *filetype, const char *comment)
+{+ return st_open_write_instr(path, info, filetype, comment, NULL, NULL);
}
st_ssize_t st_read(ft_t ft, st_sample_t *buf, st_ssize_t len)
--
⑨