ref: 6ca72ad76621838ac7443ae4c921008d17a7fe4e
parent: b2c7c4780b1f7c100138a093750e4639bb8edecf
author: robs <robs>
date: Sat May 9 15:42:29 EDT 2009
doc updates
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@
o Fix temporary file problems in Windows (cygwin) with normalise and
other effects. (robs)
o Fix [2779041] spectrogram PNG file is invalid on Windows. (robs)
+ o Fix [2787587] `synth 0' and `trim x 0' should produce zero
+ length audio. (robs)
o Parallel effects channel processing on some hyper-threading/mult-core
architectures. New `--single-threaded' option to disable this. (robs)
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
o Can now auto-detect file-type even when inputing from a pipe.
For the complete list of changes, see the ChangeLog at
- http://sox.cvs.sourceforge.net/sox/sox/ChangeLog?revision=1.224&view=markup
+ http://sox.cvs.sourceforge.net/sox/sox/ChangeLog?revision=1.225&view=markup
Thanks to all who contributed to this release.
--- a/sox.1
+++ b/sox.1
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
For all files, SoX will exit with an error
if the file type cannot be determined; command-line format options may
need to be added or changed to resolve the problem.
-.SS Play & Rec
+.SS Playing & Recording Audio
The
.B play
and
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
sox -d new-file.wav
.EE
Of course, further options and effects (as described below) can be
-added to either form of the command.
+added to the commands in either form.
.TS
center;
c8 c8 c.
@@ -276,10 +276,7 @@
driver, e.g. ALSA & OSS, or SUNAU & AO.
Systems can also have more than one audio device (a.k.a. `sound card').
If more than one audio driver has been
-built-in to SoX, and the default selected by SoX when using
-.B rec
-or
-.B play
+built-in to SoX, and the default selected by SoX when recording or playing
is not the one that is wanted, then the
.B AUDIODRIVER
environment variable can be used to override the default. For example
@@ -288,12 +285,7 @@
set AUDIODRIVER=oss
play ...
.EE
-For
-.BR rec ,
-.BR play ,
-and
-.BR sox ,
-the
+The
.B AUDIODEV
environment variable can be used to override the default audio device;
e.g.
@@ -345,6 +337,7 @@
The recording level should be adjusted (using the system-provided mixer
program, not SoX) so that the meter is \fIat most occasionally\fR full
scale, and never `in the red' (an exclamation mark is shown).
+See also \fB\-S\fR below.
.SS Accuracy
Many file formats that compress audio discard some of the audio signal
information whilst doing so; converting to such a format then converting
@@ -388,12 +381,13 @@
Applying multiple effects with a single SoX invocation will,
in general, produce more accurate results than those produced using
multiple SoX invocations; hence this is also recommended.
-.SS Dither
+.SS Dithering
Dithering is a technique used to maximise the dynamic range of audio
-stored at a particular bit-depth and is achieved by adding a small
-amount of white noise to the signal. In most cases, SoX can determine
-whether the selected processing requires dither and will add it during
-output formatting if appropriate.
+stored at a particular bit-depth: any distortion introduced by
+quantisation is decorrelated by adding a small amount of white noise
+to the signal. In most cases, SoX can determine whether the selected
+processing requires dither and will add it during output formatting if
+appropriate.
.SP
Specifically, by default, SoX automatically adds TPDF dither
when the output bit-depth is less than 24 and any
@@ -426,10 +420,11 @@
.B dither
effect.
.SS Clipping
-Clipping is distortion that occurs when an audio signal
-level (or `volume') exceeds the range of the chosen representation.
-It is nearly always undesirable and so should usually be corrected by
-adjusting the level prior to the point at which clipping occurs.
+Clipping is distortion that occurs when an audio signal level (or
+`volume') exceeds the range of the chosen representation. In most
+cases, clipping is undesirable and so should be corrected by adjusting
+the level prior to the point (in the processing chain) at which it
+occurs.
.SP
In SoX, clipping could occur, as you might expect, when using the
.B vol
@@ -448,10 +443,16 @@
file's signal level has some `headroom', i.e. it does not exceed a particular
level below the maximum possible level for the given representation.
Some standards bodies recommend as much as 9dB headroom, but in most cases,
-3dB (\(~~ 70% linear) will probably suffice.
+3dB (\(~~ 70% linear) will probably suffice. Note that this wisdom
+seems to have been lost in modern music production; in fact, many CDs,
+MP3s, etc. are now mastered at levels \fIabove\fR 0dBFS i.e. the
+audio is clipped as delivered.
+.SP
SoX's
.B stat
-effect can assist in determining the signal level in an audio file; the
+and
+.B stats
+effects can assist in determining the signal level in an audio file; the
.B gain
or
.B vol
@@ -1816,7 +1817,8 @@
filter effect at a frequency of say 10Hz, as illustrated in the following
example:
.EX
- sox -n output.wav synth 5 sin %0 50 highpass 10
+ sox -n dc.wav synth 5 sin %0 50
+ sox dc.wav fixed.wav highpass 10
.EE
.SP
See also the
@@ -3653,6 +3655,10 @@
for s in -29 -24 -19 -14 -10 -5; do
play -n synth 4 pluck %$s repeat 2; done
.EE
+See the
+.B delay
+effect for further examples.
+.SP
.B N.B.
This effect generates audio at maximum volume (0dBFS), which means that there
is a high chance of clipping when using the audio subsequently, so