ref: e60dc72083fbaaf0dcd00d475e200dca56c0eb86
parent: 9aad5770b108b2dbdf239900e9e9512d2d2e3f5f
author: rrt <rrt>
date: Mon Dec 18 19:20:33 EST 2006
Check in Lua 5.1 sources so we don't need to rely on the user having them. These are completely vanilla, from the official distribution at www.lua.org for version 5.1.1. The build mechanism to use these isn't yet fully tested, so I haven't checked it in at the same time.
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/COPYRIGHT
@@ -1,0 +1,34 @@
+Lua License
+-----------
+
+Lua is licensed under the terms of the MIT license reproduced below.
+This means that Lua is free software and can be used for both academic
+and commercial purposes at absolutely no cost.
+
+For details and rationale, see http://www.lua.org/license.html .
+
+===============================================================================
+
+Copyright (C) 1994-2006 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+===============================================================================
+
+(end of COPYRIGHT)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/HISTORY
@@ -1,0 +1,183 @@
+HISTORY for Lua 5.1
+
+* Changes from version 5.0 to 5.1
+ -------------------------------
+ Language:
+ + new module system.
+ + new semantics for control variables of fors.
+ + new semantics for setn/getn.
+ + new syntax/semantics for varargs.
+ + new long strings and comments.
+ + new `mod' operator (`%')
+ + new length operator #t
+ + metatables for all types
+ API:
+ + new functions: lua_createtable, lua_get(set)field, lua_push(to)integer.
+ + user supplies memory allocator (lua_open becomes lua_newstate).
+ + luaopen_* functionst must be called through Lua.
+ Implementation:
+ + new configuration scheme via luaconf.h.
+ + incremental garbage collection.
+ + better handling of end-of-line in the lexer.
+ + fully reentrant parser (new Lua function `load')
+ + better support for 64-bit machines.
+ + native loadlib support for Mac OS X.
+ + standard distribution in only one library (lualib.a merged into lua.a)
+
+* Changes from version 4.0 to 5.0
+ -------------------------------
+ Language:
+ + lexical scoping.
+ + Lua coroutines.
+ + standard libraries now packaged in tables.
+ + tags replaced by metatables and tag methods replaced by metamethods,
+ stored in metatables.
+ + proper tail calls.
+ + each function can have its own global table, which can be shared.
+ + new __newindex metamethod, called when we insert a new key into a table.
+ + new block comments: --[[ ... ]].
+ + new generic for.
+ + new weak tables.
+ + new boolean type.
+ + new syntax "local function".
+ + (f()) returns the first value returned by f.
+ + {f()} fills a table with all values returned by f.+ + \n ignored in [[\n .
+ + fixed and-or priorities.
+ + more general syntax for function definition (e.g. function a.x.y:f()...end).
+ + more general syntax for function calls (e.g. (print or write)(9)).
+ + new functions (time/date, tmpfile, unpack, require, load*, etc.).
+ API:
+ + chunks are loaded by using lua_load; new luaL_loadfile and luaL_loadbuffer.
+ + introduced lightweight userdata, a simple "void*" without a metatable.
+ + new error handling protocol: the core no longer prints error messages;
+ all errors are reported to the caller on the stack.
+ + new lua_atpanic for host cleanup.
+ + new, signal-safe, hook scheme.
+ Implementation:
+ + new license: MIT.
+ + new, faster, register-based virtual machine.
+ + support for external multithreading and coroutines.
+ + new and consistent error message format.
+ + the core no longer needs "stdio.h" for anything (except for a single
+ use of sprintf to convert numbers to strings).
+ + lua.c now runs the environment variable LUA_INIT, if present. It can
+ be "@filename", to run a file, or the chunk itself.
+ + support for user extensions in lua.c.
+ sample implementation given for command line editing.
+ + new dynamic loading library, active by default on several platforms.
+ + safe garbage-collector metamethods.
+ + precompiled bytecodes checked for integrity (secure binary dostring).
+ + strings are fully aligned.
+ + position capture in string.find.
+ + read('*l') can read lines with embedded zeros.+
+* Changes from version 3.2 to 4.0
+ -------------------------------
+ Language:
+ + new "break" and "for" statements (both numerical and for tables).
+ + uniform treatment of globals: globals are now stored in a Lua table.
+ + improved error messages.
+ + no more '$debug': full speed *and* full debug information.
+ + new read form: read(N) for next N bytes.
+ + general read patterns now deprecated.
+ (still available with -DCOMPAT_READPATTERNS.)
+ + all return values are passed as arguments for the last function
+ (old semantics still available with -DLUA_COMPAT_ARGRET)
+ + garbage collection tag methods for tables now deprecated.
+ + there is now only one tag method for order.
+ API:
+ + New API: fully re-entrant, simpler, and more efficient.
+ + New debug API.
+ Implementation:
+ + faster than ever: cleaner virtual machine and new hashing algorithm.
+ + non-recursive garbage-collector algorithm.
+ + reduced memory usage for programs with many strings.
+ + improved treatment for memory allocation errors.
+ + improved support for 16-bit machines (we hope).
+ + code now compiles unmodified as both ANSI C and C++.
+ + numbers in bases other than 10 are converted using strtoul.
+ + new -f option in Lua to support #! scripts.
+ + luac can now combine text and binaries.
+
+* Changes from version 3.1 to 3.2
+ -------------------------------
+ + redirected all output in Lua's core to _ERRORMESSAGE and _ALERT.
+ + increased limit on the number of constants and globals per function
+ (from 2^16 to 2^24).
+ + debugging info (lua_debug and hooks) moved into lua_state and new API
+ functions provided to get and set this info.
+ + new debug lib gives full debugging access within Lua.
+ + new table functions "foreachi", "sort", "tinsert", "tremove", "getn".
+ + new io functions "flush", "seek".
+
+* Changes from version 3.0 to 3.1
+ -------------------------------
+ + NEW FEATURE: anonymous functions with closures (via "upvalues").
+ + new syntax:
+ - local variables in chunks.
+ - better scope control with DO block END.
+ - constructors can now be also written: { record-part; list-part }.+ - more general syntax for function calls and lvalues, e.g.:
+ f(x).y=1
+ o:f(x,y):g(z)
+ f"string" is sugar for f("string")+ + strings may now contain arbitrary binary data (e.g., embedded zeros).
+ + major code re-organization and clean-up; reduced module interdependecies.
+ + no arbitrary limits on the total number of constants and globals.
+ + support for multiple global contexts.
+ + better syntax error messages.
+ + new traversal functions "foreach" and "foreachvar".
+ + the default for numbers is now double.
+ changing it to use floats or longs is easy.
+ + complete debug information stored in pre-compiled chunks.
+ + sample interpreter now prompts user when run interactively, and also
+ handles control-C interruptions gracefully.
+
+* Changes from version 2.5 to 3.0
+ -------------------------------
+ + NEW CONCEPT: "tag methods".
+ Tag methods replace fallbacks as the meta-mechanism for extending the
+ semantics of Lua. Whereas fallbacks had a global nature, tag methods
+ work on objects having the same tag (e.g., groups of tables).
+ Existing code that uses fallbacks should work without change.
+ + new, general syntax for constructors {[exp] = exp, ... }.+ + support for handling variable number of arguments in functions (varargs).
+ + support for conditional compilation ($if ... $else ... $end).
+ + cleaner semantics in API simplifies host code.
+ + better support for writing libraries (auxlib.h).
+ + better type checking and error messages in the standard library.
+ + luac can now also undump.
+
+* Changes from version 2.4 to 2.5
+ -------------------------------
+ + io and string libraries are now based on pattern matching;
+ the old libraries are still available for compatibility
+ + dofile and dostring can now return values (via return statement)
+ + better support for 16- and 64-bit machines
+ + expanded documentation, with more examples
+
+* Changes from version 2.2 to 2.4
+ -------------------------------
+ + external compiler creates portable binary files that can be loaded faster
+ + interface for debugging and profiling
+ + new "getglobal" fallback
+ + new functions for handling references to Lua objects
+ + new functions in standard lib
+ + only one copy of each string is stored
+ + expanded documentation, with more examples
+
+* Changes from version 2.1 to 2.2
+ -------------------------------
+ + functions now may be declared with any "lvalue" as a name
+ + garbage collection of functions
+ + support for pipes
+
+* Changes from version 1.1 to 2.1
+ -------------------------------
+ + object-oriented support
+ + fallbacks
+ + simplified syntax for tables
+ + many internal improvements
+
+(end of HISTORY)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/INSTALL
@@ -1,0 +1,96 @@
+INSTALL for Lua 5.1
+
+* Building Lua
+ ------------
+ Lua is built in the src directory, but the build process can be
+ controlled from the top-level Makefile.
+
+ Building Lua on Unix systems should be very easy. First do "make" and
+ see if your platform is listed. If so, just do "make xxx", where xxx
+ is your platform name. The platforms currently supported are:
+ ansi bsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+ See below for customization instructions and for instructions on how
+ to build with other Windows compilers.
+
+ If you want to check that Lua has been built correctly, do "make test"
+ after building Lua. Also, have a look at the example programs in test.
+
+* Installing Lua
+ --------------
+ Once you have built Lua, you may want to install it in an official
+ place in your system. In this case, do "make install". The official
+ place and the way to install files are defined in Makefile. You must
+ have the right permissions to install files.
+
+ If you want to build and install Lua in one step, do "make xxx install",
+ where xxx is your platform name.
+
+ If you want to install Lua locally, then do "make local". This will
+ create directories bin, include, lib, man, and install Lua there as
+ follows:
+
+ bin: lua luac
+ include: lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp
+ lib: liblua.a
+ man/man1: lua.1 luac.1
+
+ These are the only directories you need for development.
+
+ There are man pages for lua and luac, in both nroff and html, and a
+ reference manual in html in doc, some sample code in test, and some
+ useful stuff in etc. You don't need these directories for development.
+
+ If you want to install Lua locally, but in some other directory, do
+ "make install INSTALL_TOP=xxx", where xxx is your chosen directory.
+
+ See below for instructions for Windows and other systems.
+
+* Customization
+ -------------
+ Three things can be customized by editing a file:
+ - Where and how to install Lua -- edit Makefile.
+ - How to build Lua -- edit src/Makefile.
+ - Lua features -- edit src/luaconf.h.
+
+ You don't actually need to edit the Makefiles because you may set the
+ relevant variables when invoking make.
+
+ On the other hand, if you need to select some Lua features, you'll need
+ to edit src/luaconf.h. The edited file will be the one installed, and
+ it will be used by any Lua clients that you build, to ensure consistency.
+
+ We strongly recommend that you enable dynamic loading. This is done
+ automatically for all platforms listed above that have this feature
+ (and also Windows). See src/luaconf.h and also src/Makefile.
+
+* Building Lua on Windows and other systems
+ -----------------------------------------
+ If you're not using the usual Unix tools, then the instructions for
+ building Lua depend on the compiler you use. You'll need to create
+ projects (or whatever your compiler uses) for building the library,
+ the interpreter, and the compiler, as follows:
+
+ library: lapi.c lcode.c ldebug.c ldo.c ldump.c lfunc.c lgc.c llex.c
+ lmem.c lobject.c lopcodes.c lparser.c lstate.c lstring.c
+ ltable.c ltm.c lundump.c lvm.c lzio.c
+ lauxlib.c lbaselib.c ldblib.c liolib.c lmathlib.c loslib.c
+ ltablib.c lstrlib.c loadlib.c linit.c
+
+ interpreter: library, lua.c
+
+ compiler: library, luac.c print.c
+
+ If you use Visual Studio .NET, you can use etc/luavs.bat
+ in its "Command Prompt".
+
+ If all you want is to build the Lua interpreter, you may put all .c files
+ in a single project, except for luac.c and print.c. Or just use etc/all.c.
+
+ To use Lua as a library in your own programs, you'll need to know how to
+ create and use libraries with your compiler.
+
+ As mentioned above, you may edit luaconf.h to select some features before
+ building Lua.
+
+(end of INSTALL)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/Makefile
@@ -1,0 +1,129 @@
+# makefile for installing Lua
+# see INSTALL for installation instructions
+# see src/Makefile and src/luaconf.h for further customization
+
+# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================
+
+# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values.
+PLAT= none
+
+# Where to install. The installation starts in the src directory, so take care
+# if INSTALL_TOP is not an absolute path. (Man pages are installed from the
+# doc directory.)
+#
+INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local
+INSTALL_BIN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/bin
+INSTALL_INC= $(INSTALL_TOP)/include
+INSTALL_LIB= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib
+INSTALL_MAN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/man/man1
+INSTALL_LMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/share/lua/$V
+INSTALL_CMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib/lua/$V
+
+# How to install. You may prefer "install" instead of "cp" if you have it.
+# To remove debug information from binaries, use "install -s" in INSTALL_EXEC.
+#
+INSTALL_EXEC= $(CP)
+INSTALL_DATA= $(CP)
+#INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL) -m 0755
+#INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL) -m 0644
+
+# Utilities.
+CP= cp
+FIND= find
+INSTALL= install
+MKDIR= mkdir
+RANLIB= ranlib
+
+# == END OF USER SETTINGS. NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE =========
+
+# Convenience platforms targets.
+PLATS= aix ansi bsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+# What to install.
+TO_BIN= lua luac
+TO_INC= lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h ../etc/lua.hpp
+TO_LIB= liblua.a
+TO_MAN= lua.1 luac.1
+
+# Lua version and release.
+V= 5.1
+R= 5.1.1
+
+all: $(PLAT)
+
+$(PLATS) clean:
+ cd src && $(MAKE) $@
+
+test: dummy
+ src/lua test/hello.lua
+
+install: dummy
+ cd src && $(MKDIR) -p $(INSTALL_BIN) $(INSTALL_INC) $(INSTALL_LIB) $(INSTALL_MAN) $(INSTALL_LMOD) $(INSTALL_CMOD)
+ cd src && $(INSTALL_EXEC) $(TO_BIN) $(INSTALL_BIN)
+ cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_INC) $(INSTALL_INC)
+ cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_LIB) $(INSTALL_LIB)
+ cd doc && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_MAN) $(INSTALL_MAN)
+# $(RANLIB) $(INSTALL_LIB)/$(TO_LIB)
+
+local:
+ $(MAKE) install INSTALL_TOP=.. INSTALL_EXEC="cp -p" INSTALL_DATA="cp -p"
+
+none:
+ @echo "Please do"
+ @echo " make PLATFORM"
+ @echo "where PLATFORM is one of these:"
+ @echo " $(PLATS)"
+ @echo "See INSTALL for complete instructions."
+
+# make may get confused with test/ and INSTALL in a case-insensitive OS
+dummy:
+
+# echo config parameters
+echo:
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "These are the parameters currently set in src/Makefile to build Lua $R:"
+ @echo ""
+ @cd src && $(MAKE) -s echo
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "These are the parameters currently set in Makefile to install Lua $R:"
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "PLAT = $(PLAT)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_TOP = $(INSTALL_TOP)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_BIN = $(INSTALL_BIN)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_INC = $(INSTALL_INC)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_LIB = $(INSTALL_LIB)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_MAN = $(INSTALL_MAN)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_LMOD = $(INSTALL_LMOD)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_CMOD = $(INSTALL_CMOD)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_EXEC = $(INSTALL_EXEC)"
+ @echo "INSTALL_DATA = $(INSTALL_DATA)"
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "See also src/luaconf.h ."
+ @echo ""
+
+# echo private config parameters
+pecho:
+ @echo "V = $(V)"
+ @echo "R = $(R)"
+ @echo "TO_BIN = $(TO_BIN)"
+ @echo "TO_INC = $(TO_INC)"
+ @echo "TO_LIB = $(TO_LIB)"
+ @echo "TO_MAN = $(TO_MAN)"
+
+# echo config parameters as Lua code
+# uncomment the last sed expression if you want nil instead of empty strings
+lecho:
+ @echo "-- installation parameters for Lua $R"
+ @echo "VERSION = '$V'"
+ @echo "RELEASE = '$R'"
+ @$(MAKE) echo | grep = | sed -e 's/= /= "/' -e 's/$$/"/' #-e 's/""/nil/'
+ @echo "-- EOF"
+
+# show what has changed since we unpacked
+newer:
+ @$(FIND) . -newer MANIFEST -type f
+
+# list targets that do not create files (but not all makes understand .PHONY)
+.PHONY: all $(PLATS) clean test install local none dummy echo pecho lecho newer
+
+# (end of Makefile)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/README
@@ -1,0 +1,37 @@
+README for Lua 5.1
+
+See INSTALL for installation instructions.
+See HISTORY for a summary of changes since the last released version.
+
+* What is Lua?
+ ------------
+ Lua is a powerful, light-weight programming language designed for extending
+ applications. Lua is also frequently used as a general-purpose, stand-alone
+ language. Lua is free software.
+
+ For complete information, visit Lua's web site at http://www.lua.org/ .
+ For an executive summary, see http://www.lua.org/about.html .
+
+ Lua has been used in many different projects around the world.
+ For a short list, see http://www.lua.org/uses.html .
+
+* Availability
+ ------------
+ Lua is freely available for both academic and commercial purposes.
+ See COPYRIGHT and http://www.lua.org/license.html for details.
+ Lua can be downloaded at http://www.lua.org/download.html .
+
+* Installation
+ ------------
+ Lua is implemented in pure ANSI C, and compiles unmodified in all known
+ platforms that have an ANSI C compiler. Under Unix, simply typing "make"
+ should work. See INSTALL for detailed instructions.
+
+* Origin
+ ------
+ Lua is developed at Lua.org, a laboratory of the Department of Computer
+ Science of PUC-Rio (the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
+ in Brazil).
+ For more information about the authors, see http://www.lua.org/authors.html .
+
+(end of README)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/doc/contents.html
@@ -1,0 +1,429 @@
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.1 reference manual - contents</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<style type="text/css">
+ul {+ list-style-type: none ;
+ list-style-position: outside ;
+}
+</style>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua" BORDER=0></A>
+Reference manual for Lua 5.1
+</H1>
+
+<A HREF="#contents">contents</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#index">index</A>
+<HR>
+<P>
+
+<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2>
+<UL style="padding: 0">
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html">Top</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#1">1 - Introduction</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 - The Language</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 - Lexical Conventions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 - Values and Types</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2.1">2.2.1 - Coercion</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 - Variables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 - Statements</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.1">2.4.1 - Chunks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.2">2.4.2 - Blocks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.3">2.4.3 - Assignment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.4">2.4.4 - Control Structures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.5">2.4.5 - For Statement</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.6">2.4.6 - Function Calls as Statements</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.7">2.4.7 - Local Declarations</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 - Expressions</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 - Arithmetic Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 - Relational Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">2.5.3 - Logical Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">2.5.4 - Concatenation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.5">2.5.5 - The Length Operator</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.6">2.5.6 - Precedence</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.7">2.5.7 - Table Constructors</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.8">2.5.8 - Function Calls</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.9">2.5.9 - Function Definitions</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 - Visibility Rules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.7">2.7 - Error Handling</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.8">2.8 - Metatables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.9">2.9 - Environments</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10">2.10 - Garbage Collection</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.1">2.10.1 - Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.2">2.10.2 - Weak Tables</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.11">2.11 - Coroutines</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 - The Application Program Interface</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 - The Stack</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 - Stack Size</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 - Pseudo-Indices</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 - C Closures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 - Registry</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.6">3.6 - Error Handling in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.7">3.7 - Functions and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.8">3.8 - The Debug Interface</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 - The Auxiliary Library</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 - Functions and Types</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 - Standard Libraries</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 - Basic Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.2">5.2 - Coroutine Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.3">5.3 - Modules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4">5.4 - String Manipulation</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4.1">5.4.1 - Patterns</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.5">5.5 - Table Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.6">5.6 - Mathematical Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.7">5.7 - Input and Output Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.8">5.8 - Operating System Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.9">5.9 - The Debug Library</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 - Lua Stand-alone</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 - Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.1">7.1 - Changes in the Language</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.2">7.2 - Changes in the Libraries</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.3">7.3 - Changes in the API</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 - The Complete Syntax of Lua</A>
+
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2>
+<TABLE>
+<TR VALIGN="top">
+<TD WIDTH="20%">
+<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getfenv">getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadstring">loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-module">module</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setfenv">setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-unpack">unpack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD WIDTH="30%">
+<H3> </H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getfenv">debug.getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setfenv">debug.setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan2">math.atan2</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cosh">math.cosh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.frexp">math.frexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ldexp">math.ldexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log10">math.log10</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pow">math.pow</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sinh">math.sinh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tanh">math.tanh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.seeall">package.seeall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.maxn">table.maxn</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD WIDTH="25%">
+<H3>C API</H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_cpcall">lua_cpcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_equal">lua_equal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfenv">lua_getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettable">lua_gettable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettop">lua_gettop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getupvalue">lua_getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_insert">lua_insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isboolean">lua_isboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_iscfunction">lua_iscfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isfunction">lua_isfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_islightuserdata">lua_islightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnil">lua_isnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnumber">lua_isnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isstring">lua_isstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_istable">lua_istable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isthread">lua_isthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isuserdata">lua_isuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_lessthan">lua_lessthan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_load">lua_load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newstate">lua_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newtable">lua_newtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newthread">lua_newthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newuserdata">lua_newuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_objlen">lua_objlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcall">lua_pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pop">lua_pop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushboolean">lua_pushboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcclosure">lua_pushcclosure</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcfunction">lua_pushcfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushfstring">lua_pushfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushinteger">lua_pushinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlightuserdata">lua_pushlightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlstring">lua_pushlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnil">lua_pushnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnumber">lua_pushnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushstring">lua_pushstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushthread">lua_pushthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvalue">lua_pushvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvfstring">lua_pushvfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawequal">lua_rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgeti">lua_rawgeti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawset">lua_rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_remove">lua_remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_replace">lua_replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resume">lua_resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setallocf">lua_setallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfenv">lua_setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfield">lua_setfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setglobal">lua_setglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_sethook">lua_sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setlocal">lua_setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setmetatable">lua_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settable">lua_settable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settop">lua_settop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setupvalue">lua_setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_status">lua_status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toboolean">lua_toboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tocfunction">lua_tocfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointeger">lua_tointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tolstring">lua_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumber">lua_tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_topointer">lua_topointer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tostring">lua_tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tothread">lua_tothread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_touserdata">lua_touserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_type">lua_type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_typename">lua_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueindex">lua_upvalueindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_xmove">lua_xmove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yield">lua_yield</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>auxiliary library</H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Buffer">luaL_Buffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Reg">luaL_Reg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addchar">luaL_addchar</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addlstring">luaL_addlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addsize">luaL_addsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addstring">luaL_addstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addvalue">luaL_addvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argcheck">luaL_argcheck</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argerror">luaL_argerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinit">luaL_buffinit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_callmeta">luaL_callmeta</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkany">luaL_checkany</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkint">luaL_checkint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkinteger">luaL_checkinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklong">luaL_checklong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklstring">luaL_checklstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checknumber">luaL_checknumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkoption">luaL_checkoption</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstack">luaL_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstring">luaL_checkstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checktype">luaL_checktype</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkudata">luaL_checkudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dofile">luaL_dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dostring">luaL_dostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_error">luaL_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetafield">luaL_getmetafield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetatable">luaL_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_gsub">luaL_gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbuffer">luaL_loadbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfile">luaL_loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadstring">luaL_loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">luaL_newmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newstate">luaL_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_openlibs">luaL_openlibs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optint">luaL_optint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optinteger">luaL_optinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlong">luaL_optlong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlstring">luaL_optlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optnumber">luaL_optnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optstring">luaL_optstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffer">luaL_prepbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresult">luaL_pushresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_ref">luaL_ref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_register">luaL_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typename">luaL_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typerror">luaL_typerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_unref">luaL_unref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_where">luaL_where</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+<P>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Last update:
+Tue Jun 6 14:55:31 BRT 2006
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: reformatted index
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
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+++ b/src/lua/doc/lua.1
@@ -1,0 +1,163 @@
+.\" $Id: lua.1,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:34 rrt Exp $
+.TH LUA 1 "$Date: 2006/12/19 00:20:34 $"
+.SH NAME
+lua \- Lua interpreter
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lua
+[
+.I options
+]
+[
+.I script
+[
+.I args
+]
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B lua
+is the stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+.BR luac ,
+the Lua compiler.)
+.B lua
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+.LP
+The given
+.I options
+(see below)
+are executed and then
+the Lua program in file
+.I script
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+.I args
+are available to
+.I script
+as strings in a global table named
+.BR arg .
+If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell,
+then they should be quoted
+(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell).
+The arguments in
+.B arg
+start at 0,
+which contains the string
+.RI ' script '.
+The index of the last argument is stored in
+.BR arg.n .
+The arguments given in the command line before
+.IR script ,
+including the name of the interpreter,
+are available in negative indices in
+.BR arg .
+.LP
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+.B lua
+executes the contents of the environment variable
+.BR LUA_INIT ,
+if it is defined.
+If the value of
+.B LUA_INIT
+is of the form
+.RI '@ filename ',
+then
+.I filename
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+.LP
+Options start with
+.B '\-'
+and are described below.
+You can use
+.B "'\--'"
+to signal the end of options.
+.LP
+If no arguments are given,
+then
+.B "\-v \-i"
+is assumed when the standard input is a terminal;
+otherwise,
+.B "\-"
+is assumed.
+.LP
+In interactive mode,
+.B lua
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is
+to force a syntax error:
+adding a
+.B ';'
+in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error
+(except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly).
+If a line starts with
+.BR '=' ,
+then
+.B lua
+displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the
+line. The expressions must be separated by commas.
+The primary prompt is the value of the global variable
+.BR _PROMPT ,
+if this value is a string;
+otherwise, the default prompt is used.
+Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable
+.BR _PROMPT2 .
+So,
+to change the prompts,
+set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice.
+You can do that after calling the interpreter
+or on the command line
+(but in this case you have to be careful with quotes
+if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.)
+The default prompts are "> " and ">> ".
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-
+load and execute the standard input as a file,
+that is,
+not interactively,
+even when the standard input is a terminal.
+.TP
+.BI \-e " stat"
+execute statement
+.IR stat .
+You need to quote
+.I stat
+if it contains spaces, quotes,
+or other characters special to the shell.
+.TP
+.B \-i
+enter interactive mode after
+.I script
+is executed.
+.TP
+.BI \-l " name"
+call
+.BI require(' name ')+before executing
+.IR script .
+Typically used to load libraries.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR luac (1)
+.br
+http://www.lua.org/
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+and
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/doc/lua.css
@@ -1,0 +1,22 @@
+body {+ color: #000000 ;
+ background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+ font-family: sans-serif ;
+}
+
+a:link {+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:visited {+ background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:link:hover, a:visited:hover {+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/doc/lua.html
@@ -1,0 +1,172 @@
+<!-- $Id: lua.html,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:35 rrt Exp $ -->
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>LUA man page</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
+
+<H2>NAME</H2>
+lua - Lua interpreter
+<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
+<B>lua</B>
+[
+<I>options</I>
+]
+[
+<I>script</I>
+[
+<I>args</I>
+]
+]
+<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
+<B>lua</B>
+is the stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+<B>luac</B>,
+the Lua compiler.)
+<B>lua</B>
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+<P>
+The given
+<I>options</I>
+(see below)
+are executed and then
+the Lua program in file
+<I>script</I>
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+<I>args</I>
+are available to
+<I>script</I>
+as strings in a global table named
+<B>arg</B>.
+If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell,
+then they should be quoted
+(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell).
+The arguments in
+<B>arg</B>
+start at 0,
+which contains the string
+'<I>script</I>'.
+The index of the last argument is stored in
+<B>arg.n</B>.
+The arguments given in the command line before
+<I>script</I>,
+including the name of the interpreter,
+are available in negative indices in
+<B>arg</B>.
+<P>
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+<B>lua</B>
+executes the contents of the environment variable
+<B>LUA_INIT</B>,
+if it is defined.
+If the value of
+<B>LUA_INIT</B>
+is of the form
+'@<I>filename</I>',
+then
+<I>filename</I>
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+<P>
+Options start with
+<B>'-'</B>
+and are described below.
+You can use
+<B>'--'</B>
+to signal the end of options.
+<P>
+If no arguments are given,
+then
+<B>"-v -i"</B>
+is assumed when the standard input is a terminal;
+otherwise,
+<B>"-"</B>
+is assumed.
+<P>
+In interactive mode,
+<B>lua</B>
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is
+to force a syntax error:
+adding a
+<B>';'</B>
+in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error
+(except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly).
+If a line starts with
+<B>'='</B>,
+then
+<B>lua</B>
+displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the
+line. The expressions must be separated by commas.
+The primary prompt is the value of the global variable
+<B>_PROMPT</B>,
+if this value is a string;
+otherwise, the default prompt is used.
+Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable
+<B>_PROMPT2</B>.
+So,
+to change the prompts,
+set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice.
+You can do that after calling the interpreter
+or on the command line
+(but in this case you have to be careful with quotes
+if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.)
+The default prompts are "> " and ">> ".
+<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
+<P>
+<B>-</B>
+load and execute the standard input as a file,
+that is,
+not interactively,
+even when the standard input is a terminal.
+<P>
+<B>-e </B><I>stat</I>
+execute statement
+<I>stat</I>.
+You need to quote
+<I>stat </I>
+if it contains spaces, quotes,
+or other characters special to the shell.
+<P>
+<B>-i</B>
+enter interactive mode after
+<I>script</I>
+is executed.
+<P>
+<B>-l </B><I>name</I>
+call
+<B>require</B>('<I>name</I>')+before executing
+<I>script</I>.
+Typically used to load libraries.
+<P>
+<B>-v</B>
+show version information.
+<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
+<B>luac</B>(1)
+<BR>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">http://www.lua.org/</A>
+<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2>
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+and
+W. Celes
+<!-- EOF -->
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/doc/luac.1
@@ -1,0 +1,136 @@
+.\" $Id: luac.1,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:35 rrt Exp $
+.TH LUAC 1 "$Date: 2006/12/19 00:20:35 $"
+.SH NAME
+luac \- Lua compiler
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B luac
+[
+.I options
+] [
+.I filenames
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B luac
+is the Lua compiler.
+It translates programs written in the Lua programming language
+into binary files that can be later loaded and executed.
+.LP
+The main advantages of precompiling chunks are:
+faster loading,
+protecting source code from accidental user changes,
+and
+off-line syntax checking.
+.LP
+Pre-compiling does not imply faster execution
+because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed.
+.B luac
+simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution.
+.LP
+Pre-compiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source.
+The main goal in pre-compiling is faster loading.
+.LP
+The binary files created by
+.B luac
+are portable only among architectures with the same word size and byte order.
+.LP
+.B luac
+produces a single output file containing the bytecodes
+for all source files given.
+By default,
+the output file is named
+.BR luac.out ,
+but you can change this with the
+.B \-o
+option.
+.LP
+In the command line,
+you can mix
+text files containing Lua source and
+binary files containing precompiled chunks.
+This is useful to combine several precompiled chunks,
+even from different (but compatible) platforms,
+into a single precompiled chunk.
+.LP
+You can use
+.B "'\-'"
+to indicate the standard input as a source file
+and
+.B "'\--'"
+to signal the end of options
+(that is,
+all remaining arguments will be treated as files even if they start with
+.BR "'\-'" ).
+.LP
+The internal format of the binary files produced by
+.B luac
+is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released.
+So,
+save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile.
+.LP
+.SH OPTIONS
+Options must be separate.
+.TP
+.B \-l
+produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine.
+Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and lists its contents.
+.TP
+.BI \-o " file"
+output to
+.IR file ,
+instead of the default
+.BR luac.out .
+(You can use
+.B "'\-'"
+for standard output,
+but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.)
+The output file may be a source file because
+all files are loaded before the output file is written.
+Be careful not to overwrite precious files.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+load files but do not generate any output file.
+Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks:
+corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded.
+Lua always performs a thorough integrity test on precompiled chunks.
+Bytecode that passes this test is completely safe,
+in the sense that it will not break the interpreter.
+However,
+there is no guarantee that such code does anything sensible.
+(None can be given, because the halting problem is unsolvable.)
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and tests its contents.
+No messages are displayed if the file passes the integrity test.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+strip debug information before writing the output file.
+This saves some space in very large chunks,
+but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk,
+then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do.
+For instance,
+line numbers and names of local variables are lost.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.SH FILES
+.TP 15
+.B luac.out
+default output file
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR lua (1)
+.br
+http://www.lua.org/
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+R. Ierusalimschy and
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/doc/luac.html
@@ -1,0 +1,145 @@
+<!-- $Id: luac.html,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:35 rrt Exp $ -->
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>LUAC man page</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
+
+<H2>NAME</H2>
+luac - Lua compiler
+<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
+<B>luac</B>
+[
+<I>options</I>
+] [
+<I>filenames</I>
+]
+<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
+<B>luac</B>
+is the Lua compiler.
+It translates programs written in the Lua programming language
+into binary files that can be later loaded and executed.
+<P>
+The main advantages of precompiling chunks are:
+faster loading,
+protecting source code from accidental user changes,
+and
+off-line syntax checking.
+<P>
+Precompiling does not imply faster execution
+because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed.
+<B>luac</B>
+simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution.
+<P>
+Precompiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source.
+The main goal in precompiling is faster loading.
+<P>
+The binary files created by
+<B>luac</B>
+are portable only among architectures with the same word size and byte order.
+<P>
+<B>luac</B>
+produces a single output file containing the bytecodes
+for all source files given.
+By default,
+the output file is named
+<B>luac.out</B>,
+but you can change this with the
+<B>-o</B>
+option.
+<P>
+In the command line,
+you can mix
+text files containing Lua source and
+binary files containing precompiled chunks.
+This is useful because several precompiled chunks,
+even from different (but compatible) platforms,
+can be combined into a single precompiled chunk.
+<P>
+You can use
+<B>'-'</B>
+to indicate the standard input as a source file
+and
+<B>'--'</B>
+to signal the end of options
+(that is,
+all remaining arguments will be treated as files even if they start with
+<B>'-'</B>).
+<P>
+The internal format of the binary files produced by
+<B>luac</B>
+is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released.
+So,
+save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile.
+<P>
+<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
+Options must be separate.
+<P>
+<B>-l</B>
+produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine.
+Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine.
+If no files are given, then
+<B>luac</B>
+loads
+<B>luac.out</B>
+and lists its contents.
+<P>
+<B>-o </B><I>file</I>
+output to
+<I>file</I>,
+instead of the default
+<B>luac.out</B>.
+(You can use
+<B>'-'</B>
+for standard output,
+but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.)
+The output file may be a source file because
+all files are loaded before the output file is written.
+Be careful not to overwrite precious files.
+<P>
+<B>-p</B>
+load files but do not generate any output file.
+Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks:
+corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded.
+Lua always performs a thorough integrity test on precompiled chunks.
+Bytecode that passes this test is completely safe,
+in the sense that it will not break the interpreter.
+However,
+there is no guarantee that such code does anything sensible.
+(None can be given, because the halting problem is unsolvable.)
+If no files are given, then
+<B>luac</B>
+loads
+<B>luac.out</B>
+and tests its contents.
+No messages are displayed if the file passes the integrity test.
+<P>
+<B>-s</B>
+strip debug information before writing the output file.
+This saves some space in very large chunks,
+but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk,
+then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do.
+For instance,
+line numbers and names of local variables are lost.
+<P>
+<B>-v</B>
+show version information.
+<H2>FILES</H2>
+<P>
+<B>luac.out</B>
+default output file
+<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
+<B>lua</B>(1)
+<BR>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">http://www.lua.org/</A>
+<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2>
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+R. Ierusalimschy and
+W. Celes
+<!-- EOF -->
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/doc/manual.html
@@ -1,0 +1,8456 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<title>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="lua.css">
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<hr>
+<h1>
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/"><img src="logo.gif" alt="" border="0"></a>
+Lua 5.1 Reference Manual
+</h1>
+
+by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes
+<p>
+<small>
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/copyright.html">Copyright</a>
+© 2006 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. All rights reserved.
+</small>
+<hr>
+
+<!-- ====================================================================== -->
+<p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>1 - <a name="1">Introduction</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Lua is an extension programming language designed to support
+general procedural programming with data description
+facilities.
+It also offers good support for object-oriented programming,
+functional programming, and data-driven programming.
+Lua is intended to be used as a powerful, light-weight
+scripting language for any program that needs one.
+Lua is implemented as a library, written in <em>clean</em> C
+(that is, in the common subset of ANSI C and C++).
+
+
+<p>
+Being an extension language, Lua has no notion of a "main" program:
+it only works <em>embedded</em> in a host client,
+called the <em>embedding program</em> or simply the <em>host</em>.
+This host program can invoke functions to execute a piece of Lua code,
+can write and read Lua variables,
+and can register C functions to be called by Lua code.
+Through the use of C functions, Lua can be augmented to cope with
+a wide range of different domains,
+thus creating customized programming languages sharing a syntactical framework.
+The Lua distribution includes a sample host program called <code>lua</code>,
+which uses the Lua library to offer a complete, stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua is free software,
+and is provided as usual with no guarantees,
+as stated in its license.
+The implementation described in this manual is available
+at Lua's official web site, <code>www.lua.org</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like any other reference manual,
+this document is dry in places.
+For a discussion of the decisions behind the design of Lua,
+see the technical papers available at Lua's web site.
+For a detailed introduction to programming in Lua,
+see Roberto's book, <em>Programming in Lua</em>.
+
+
+
+<h1>2 - <a name="2">The Language</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+This section describes the lexis, the syntax, and the semantics of Lua.
+In other words,
+this section describes
+which tokens are valid,
+how they can be combined,
+and what their combinations mean.
+
+
+<p>
+The language constructs will be explained using the usual extended BNF notation,
+in which
+{<em>a</em>} means 0 or more <em>a</em>'s, and+[<em>a</em>] means an optional <em>a</em>.
+Non-terminals are shown like non-terminal,
+keywords are shown like <b>kword</b>,
+and other terminal symbols are shown like `<b>=</b>´.
+The complete syntax of Lua can be found at the end of this manual.
+
+
+
+<h2>2.1 - <a name="2.1">Lexical Conventions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+<em>Names</em>
+(also called <em>identifiers</em>)
+in Lua can be any string of letters,
+digits, and underscores,
+not beginning with a digit.
+This coincides with the definition of names in most languages.
+(The definition of letter depends on the current locale:
+any character considered alphabetic by the current locale
+can be used in an identifier.)
+Identifiers are used to name variables and table fields.
+
+
+<p>
+The following <em>keywords</em> are reserved
+and cannot be used as names:
+
+
+<pre>
+ and break do else elseif
+ end false for function if
+ in local nil not or
+ repeat return then true until while
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a case-sensitive language:
+<code>and</code> is a reserved word, but <code>And</code> and <code>AND</code>
+are two different, valid names.
+As a convention, names starting with an underscore followed by
+uppercase letters (such as <code>_VERSION</code>)
+are reserved for internal global variables used by Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+The following strings denote other tokens:
+
+<pre>
+ + - * / % ^ #
+ == ~= <= >= < > =
+ ( ) { } [ ]+ ; : , . .. ...
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<em>Literal strings</em>
+can be delimited by matching single or double quotes,
+and can contain the following C-like escape sequences:
+'<code>\a</code>' (bell),
+'<code>\b</code>' (backspace),
+'<code>\f</code>' (form feed),
+'<code>\n</code>' (newline),
+'<code>\r</code>' (carriage return),
+'<code>\t</code>' (horizontal tab),
+'<code>\v</code>' (vertical tab),
+'<code>\\</code>' (backslash),
+'<code>\"</code>' (quotation mark [double quote]),
+and '<code>\'</code>' (apostrophe [single quote]).
+Moreover, a backslash followed by a real newline
+results in a newline in the string.
+A character in a string may also be specified by its numerical value
+using the escape sequence <code>\<em>ddd</em></code>,
+where <em>ddd</em> is a sequence of up to three decimal digits.
+(Note that if a numerical escape is to be followed by a digit,
+it must be expressed using exactly three digits.)
+Strings in Lua may contain any 8-bit value, including embedded zeros,
+which can be specified as '<code>\0</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+To put a double (single) quote, a newline, a backslash,
+or an embedded zero
+inside a literal string enclosed by double (single) quotes
+you must use an escape sequence.
+Any other character may be directly inserted into the literal.
+(Some control characters may cause problems for the file system,
+but Lua has no problem with them.)
+
+
+<p>
+Literal strings can also be defined using a long format
+enclosed by <em>long brackets</em>.
+We define an <em>opening long bracket of level <em>n</em></em> as an opening
+square bracket followed by <em>n</em> equal signs followed by another
+opening square bracket.
+So, an opening long bracket of level 0 is written as <code>[[</code>,
+an opening long bracket of level 1 is written as <code>[=[</code>,
+and so on.
+A <em>closing long bracket</em> is defined similarly;
+for instance, a closing long bracket of level 4 is written as <code>]====]</code>.
+A long string starts with an opening long bracket of any level and
+ends at the first closing long bracket of the same level.
+Literals in this bracketed form may run for several lines,
+do not interpret any escape sequences,
+and ignore long brackets of any other level.
+They may contain anything except a closing bracket of the proper level.
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+when the opening long bracket is immediately followed by a newline,
+the newline is not included in the string.
+As an example, in a system using ASCII
+(in which '<code>a</code>' is coded as 97,
+newline is coded as 10, and '<code>1</code>' is coded as 49),
+the five literals below denote the same string:
+
+<pre>
+ a = 'alo\n123"'
+ a = "alo\n123\""
+ a = '\97lo\10\04923"'
+ a = [[alo
+ 123"]]
+ a = [==[
+ alo
+ 123"]==]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>numerical constant</em> may be written with an optional decimal part
+and an optional decimal exponent.
+Lua also accepts integer hexadecimal constants,
+by prefixing them with <code>0x</code>.
+Examples of valid numerical constants are
+
+<pre>
+ 3 3.0 3.1416 314.16e-2 0.31416E1 0xff 0x56
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>comment</em> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>)
+anywhere outside a string.
+If the text immediately after <code>--</code> is not an opening long bracket,
+the comment is a <em>short comment</em>,
+which runs until the end of the line.
+Otherwise, it is a <em>long comment</em>,
+which runs until the corresponding closing long bracket.
+Long comments are frequently used to disable code temporarily.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.2 - <a name="2.2">Values and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a <em>dynamically typed language</em>.
+This means that
+variables do not have types; only values do.
+There are no type definitions in the language.
+All values carry their own type.
+
+
+<p>
+All values in Lua are <em>first-class values</em>.
+This means that all values can be stored in variables,
+passed as arguments to other functions, and returned as results.
+
+
+<p>
+There are eight basic types in Lua:
+<em>nil</em>, <em>boolean</em>, <em>number</em>,
+<em>string</em>, <em>function</em>, <em>userdata</em>,
+<em>thread</em>, and <em>table</em>.
+<em>Nil</em> is the type of the value <b>nil</b>,
+whose main property is to be different from any other value;
+it usually represents the absence of a useful value.
+<em>Boolean</em> is the type of the values <b>false</b> and <b>true</b>.
+Both <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> make a condition false;
+any other value makes it true.
+<em>Number</em> represents real (double-precision floating-point) numbers.
+(It is easy to build Lua interpreters that use other
+internal representations for numbers,
+such as single-precision float or long integers;
+see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+<em>String</em> represents arrays of characters.
+
+Lua is 8-bit clean:
+strings may contain any 8-bit character,
+including embedded zeros ('<code>\0</code>') (see <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>).+
+
+<p>
+Lua can call (and manipulate) functions written in Lua and
+functions written in C
+(see <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>userdata</em> is provided to allow arbitrary C data to
+be stored in Lua variables.
+This type corresponds to a block of raw memory
+and has no pre-defined operations in Lua,
+except assignment and identity test.
+However, by using <em>metatables</em>,
+the programmer can define operations for userdata values
+(see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+Userdata values cannot be created or modified in Lua,
+only through the C API.
+This guarantees the integrity of data owned by the host program.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>thread</em> represents independent threads of execution
+and it is used to implement coroutines (see <a href="#2.11">§2.11</a>).
+Do not confuse Lua threads with operating-system threads.
+Lua supports coroutines on all systems,
+even those that do not support threads.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>table</em> implements associative arrays,
+that is, arrays that can be indexed not only with numbers,
+but with any value (except <b>nil</b>).
+Tables can be <em>heterogeneous</em>;
+that is, they can contain values of all types (except <b>nil</b>).
+Tables are the sole data structuring mechanism in Lua;
+they may be used to represent ordinary arrays,
+symbol tables, sets, records, graphs, trees, etc.
+To represent records, Lua uses the field name as an index.
+The language supports this representation by
+providing <code>a.name</code> as syntactic sugar for <code>a["name"]</code>.
+There are several convenient ways to create tables in Lua
+(see <a href="#2.5.7">§2.5.7</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Like indices,
+the value of a table field can be of any type (except <b>nil</b>).
+In particular,
+because functions are first-class values,
+table fields may contain functions.
+Thus tables may also carry <em>methods</em> (see <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Tables, functions, threads, and (full) userdata values are <em>objects</em>:
+variables do not actually <em>contain</em> these values,
+only <em>references</em> to them.
+Assignment, parameter passing, and function returns
+always manipulate references to such values;
+these operations do not imply any kind of copy.
+
+
+<p>
+The library function <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> returns a string describing the type
+of a given value.
+
+
+
+<h3>2.2.1 - <a name="2.2.1">Coercion</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides automatic conversion between
+string and number values at run time.
+Any arithmetic operation applied to a string tries to convert
+this string to a number, following the usual conversion rules.
+Conversely, whenever a number is used where a string is expected,
+the number is converted to a string, in a reasonable format.
+For complete control over how numbers are converted to strings,
+use the <code>format</code> function from the string library
+(see <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.3 - <a name="2.3">Variables</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Variables are places that store values.
+
+There are three kinds of variables in Lua:
+global variables, local variables, and table fields.
+
+
+<p>
+A single name can denote a global variable or a local variable
+(or a function's formal parameter,
+which is a particular kind of local variable):
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= Name
+</pre><p>
+Name denotes identifiers, as defined in <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Variables are assumed to be global unless explicitly declared local
+(see <a href="#2.4.7">§2.4.7</a>).
+Local variables are <em>lexically scoped</em>:
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope (see <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Before the first assignment to a variable, its value is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Square brackets are used to index a table:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´
+</pre><p>
+The meaning of accesses to global variables
+and table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An access to an indexed variable <code>t[i]</code> is equivalent to
+a call <code>gettable_event(t,i)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>gettable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+The syntax <code>var.Name</code> is just syntactic sugar for
+<code>var["Name"]</code>:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp `<b>.</b>´ Name
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+All global variables live as fields in ordinary Lua tables,
+called <em>environment tables</em> or simply
+<em>environments</em> (see <a href="#2.9">§2.9</a>).
+Each function has its own reference to an environment,
+so that all global variables in this function
+will refer to this environment table.
+When a function is created,
+it inherits the environment from the function that created it.
+To get the environment table of a Lua function,
+you call <a href="#pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv</code></a>.
+To replace it,
+you call <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a>.
+(You can only manipulate the environment of C functions
+through the debug library; (see <a href="#5.9">§5.9</a>).)
+
+
+<p>
+An access to a global variable <code>x</code>
+is equivalent to <code>_env.x</code>,
+which in turn is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ gettable_event(_env, "x")
+</pre><p>
+where <code>_env</code> is the environment of the running function.
+(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>gettable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+Similarly, the <code>_env</code> variable is not defined in Lua.
+We use them here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.4 - <a name="2.4">Statements</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports an almost conventional set of statements,
+similar to those in Pascal or C.
+This set includes
+assignment, control structures, function calls,
+and variable declarations.
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.1 - <a name="2.4.1">Chunks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The unit of execution of Lua is called a <em>chunk</em>.
+A chunk is simply a sequence of statements,
+which are executed sequentially.
+Each statement can be optionally followed by a semicolon:
+
+<pre>
+ chunk ::= {stat [`<b>;</b>´]}+</pre><p>
+There are no empty statements and thus '<code>;;</code>' is not legal.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua handles a chunk as the body of an anonymous function
+with a variable number of arguments
+(see <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>).
+As such, chunks can define local variables,
+receive arguments, and return values.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk may be stored in a file or in a string inside the host program.
+When a chunk is executed, first it is pre-compiled into instructions for
+a virtual machine,
+and then the compiled code is executed
+by an interpreter for the virtual machine.
+
+
+<p>
+Chunks may also be pre-compiled into binary form;
+see program <code>luac</code> for details.
+Programs in source and compiled forms are interchangeable;
+Lua automatically detects the file type and acts accordingly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.2 - <a name="2.4.2">Blocks</a></h3><p>
+A block is a list of statements;
+syntactically, a block is the same as a chunk:
+
+<pre>
+ block ::= chunk
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A block may be explicitly delimited to produce a single statement:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Explicit blocks are useful
+to control the scope of variable declarations.
+Explicit blocks are also sometimes used to
+add a <b>return</b> or <b>break</b> statement in the middle
+of another block (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.3 - <a name="2.4.3">Assignment</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua allows multiple assignment.
+Therefore, the syntax for assignment
+defines a list of variables on the left side
+and a list of expressions on the right side.
+The elements in both lists are separated by commas:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= varlist1 `<b>=</b>´ explist1
+ varlist1 ::= var {`<b>,</b>´ var}+ explist1 ::= exp {`<b>,</b>´ exp}+</pre><p>
+Expressions are discussed in <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Before the assignment,
+the list of values is <em>adjusted</em> to the length of
+the list of variables.
+If there are more values than needed,
+the excess values are thrown away.
+If there are fewer values than needed,
+the list is extended with as many <b>nil</b>'s as needed.
+If the list of expressions ends with a function call,
+then all values returned by this call enter in the list of values,
+before the adjustment
+(except when the call is enclosed in parentheses; see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The assignment statement first evaluates all its expressions
+and only then are the assignments performed.
+Thus the code
+
+<pre>
+ i = 3
+ i, a[i] = i+1, 20
+</pre><p>
+sets <code>a[3]</code> to 20, without affecting <code>a[4]</code>
+because the <code>i</code> in <code>a[i]</code> is evaluated (to 3)
+before it is assigned 4.
+Similarly, the line
+
+<pre>
+ x, y = y, x
+</pre><p>
+exchanges the values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The meaning of assignments to global variables
+and table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An assignment to an indexed variable <code>t[i] = val</code> is equivalent to
+<code>settable_event(t,i,val)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>settable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+An assignment to a global variable <code>x = val</code>
+is equivalent to the assignment
+<code>_env.x = val</code>,
+which in turn is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ settable_event(_env, "x", val)
+</pre><p>
+where <code>_env</code> is the environment of the running function.
+(The <code>_env</code> variable is not defined in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.4 - <a name="2.4.4">Control Structures</a></h3><p>
+The control structures
+<b>if</b>, <b>while</b>, and <b>repeat</b> have the usual meaning and
+familiar syntax:
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ stat ::= <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp
+ stat ::= <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b>+</pre><p>
+Lua also has a <b>for</b> statement, in two flavors (see <a href="#2.4.5">§2.4.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The condition expression of a
+control structure may return any value.
+Both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> are considered false.
+All values different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> are considered true
+(in particular, the number 0 and the empty string are also true).
+
+
+<p>
+In the <b>repeat</b>–<b>until</b> loop,
+the inner block does not end at the <b>until</b> keyword,
+but only after the condition.
+So, the condition can refer to local variables
+declared inside the loop block.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement is used to return values
+from a function or a chunk (which is just a function).
+
+Functions and chunks may return more than one value,
+so the syntax for the <b>return</b> statement is
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>return</b> [explist1]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The <b>break</b> statement is used to terminate the execution of a
+<b>while</b>, <b>repeat</b>, or <b>for</b> loop,
+skipping to the next statement after the loop:
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>break</b>
+</pre><p>
+A <b>break</b> ends the innermost enclosing loop.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> and <b>break</b>
+statements can only be written as the <em>last</em> statement of a block.
+If it is really necessary to <b>return</b> or <b>break</b> in the
+middle of a block,
+then an explicit inner block can be used,
+as in the idioms
+<code>do return end</code> and <code>do break end</code>,
+because now <b>return</b> and <b>break</b> are the last statements in
+their (inner) blocks.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.5 - <a name="2.4.5">For Statement</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+
+The <b>for</b> statement has two forms:
+one numeric and one generic.
+
+
+<p>
+The numeric <b>for</b> loop repeats a block of code while a
+control variable runs through an arithmetic progression.
+It has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> Name `<b>=</b>´ exp `<b>,</b>´ exp [`<b>,</b>´ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+The <em>block</em> is repeated for <em>name</em> starting at the value of
+the first <em>exp</em>, until it passes the second <em>exp</em> by steps of the
+third <em>exp</em>.
+More precisely, a <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for var = e1, e2, e3 do block end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local _var, _limit, _step = tonumber(e1), tonumber(e2), tonumber(e3)
+ if not (_var and _limit and _step) then error() end
+ while (_step>0 and _var<=_limit) or (_step<=0 and _var>=_limit) do
+ local var = _var
+ <em>block</em>
+ _var = _var + _step
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+All three control expressions are evaluated only once,
+before the loop starts.
+They must all result in numbers.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>_var</code>, <code>_limit</code>, and <code>_step</code> are invisible variables.
+The names are here for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+If the third expression (the step) is absent,
+then a step of 1 is used.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variable <code>var</code> is local to the loop;
+you cannot use its value after the <b>for</b> ends or is broken.
+If you need the value of the loop variable <code>var</code>,
+then assign it to another variable before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The generic <b>for</b> statement works over functions,
+called <em>iterators</em>.
+On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value,
+stopping when this new value is <b>nil</b>.
+The generic <b>for</b> loop has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist1 <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ namelist ::= Name {`<b>,</b>´ Name}+</pre><p>
+A <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for var_1, ···, var_n in explist do block end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local _f, _s, _var = explist
+ while true do
+ local var_1, ···, var_n = _f(_s, _var)
+ _var = var_1
+ if _var == nil then break end
+ block
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+<code>explist</code> is evaluated only once.
+Its results are an <em>iterator</em> function,
+a <em>state</em>, and an initial value for the first <em>iterator variable</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>_f</code>, <code>_s</code>, and <code>_var</code> are invisible variables.
+The names are here for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variables <code>var_i</code> are local to the loop;
+you cannot use their values after the <b>for</b> ends.
+If you need these values,
+then assign them to other variables before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.6 - <a name="2.4.6">Function Calls as Statements</a></h3><p>
+To allow possible side-effects,
+function calls can be executed as statements:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= functioncall
+</pre><p>
+In this case, all returned values are thrown away.
+Function calls are explained in <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.7 - <a name="2.4.7">Local Declarations</a></h3><p>
+Local variables may be declared anywhere inside a block.
+The declaration may include an initial assignment:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> namelist [`<b>=</b>´ explist1]
+</pre><p>
+If present, an initial assignment has the same semantics
+of a multiple assignment (see <a href="#2.4.3">§2.4.3</a>).
+Otherwise, all variables are initialized with <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk is also a block (see <a href="#2.4.1">§2.4.1</a>),
+and so local variables can be declared in a chunk outside any explicit block.
+The scope of such local variables extends until the end of the chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+The visibility rules for local variables are explained in <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.5 - <a name="2.5">Expressions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic expressions in Lua are the following:
+
+<pre>
+ exp ::= prefixexp
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b>
+ exp ::= Number
+ exp ::= String
+ exp ::= function
+ exp ::= tableconstructor
+ exp ::= `<b>...</b>´
+ exp ::= exp binop exp
+ exp ::= unop exp
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | `<b>(</b>´ exp `<b>)</b>´
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Numbers and literal strings are explained in <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>;
+variables are explained in <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>;
+function definitions are explained in <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>;
+function calls are explained in <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>;
+table constructors are explained in <a href="#2.5.7">§2.5.7</a>.
+Vararg expressions,
+denoted by three dots ('<code>...</code>'), can only be used inside+vararg functions;
+they are explained in <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Binary operators comprise arithmetic operators (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>),
+relational operators (see <a href="#2.5.2">§2.5.2</a>), logical operators (see <a href="#2.5.3">§2.5.3</a>),
+and the concatenation operator (see <a href="#2.5.4">§2.5.4</a>).
+Unary operators comprise the unary minus (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>),
+the unary <b>not</b> (see <a href="#2.5.3">§2.5.3</a>),
+and the unary <em>length operator</em> (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Both function calls and vararg expressions may result in multiple values.
+If the expression is used as a statement (see <a href="#2.4.6">§2.4.6</a>)
+(only possible for function calls),
+then its return list is adjusted to zero elements,
+thus discarding all returned values.
+If the expression is used inside another expression
+or in the middle of a list of expressions,
+then its result list is adjusted to one element,
+thus discarding all values except the first one.
+If the expression is used as the last element of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made,
+unless the call is enclosed in parentheses.
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ f() -- adjusted to 0 results
+ g(f(), x) -- f() is adjusted to 1 result
+ g(x, f()) -- g gets x plus all values returned by f()
+ a,b,c = f(), x -- f() is adjusted to 1 result (c gets nil)
+ a,b = ... -- a gets the first vararg parameter, b gets
+ -- the second (both a and b may get nil if there is
+ -- no corresponding vararg parameter)
+ a,b,c = x, f() -- f() is adjusted to 2 results
+ a,b,c = f() -- f() is adjusted to 3 results
+ return f() -- returns all values returned by f()
+ return ... -- returns all received vararg parameters
+ return x,y,f() -- returns x, y, and all values returned by f()
+ {f()} -- creates a list with all values returned by f()+ {...} -- creates a list with all vararg parameters+ {f(), nil} -- f() is adjusted to 1 result+</pre>
+
+<p>
+An expression enclosed in parentheses always results in only one value.
+Thus,
+<code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is always a single value,
+even if <code>f</code> returns several values.
+(The value of <code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is the first value returned by <code>f</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>f</code> does not return any values.)
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.1 - <a name="2.5.1">Arithmetic Operators</a></h3><p>
+Lua supports the usual arithmetic operators:
+the binary <code>+</code> (addition),
+<code>-</code> (subtraction), <code>*</code> (multiplication),
+<code>/</code> (division), <code>%</code> (modulo), and <code>^</code> (exponentiation);
+and unary <code>-</code> (negation).
+If the operands are numbers, or strings that can be converted to
+numbers (see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>),
+then all operations have the usual meaning.
+Exponentiation works for any exponent.
+For instance, <code>x^(-0.5)</code> computes the inverse of the square root of <code>x</code>.
+Modulo is defined as
+
+<pre>
+ a % b == a - math.floor(a/b)*b
+</pre><p>
+That is, it is the remainder of a division that rounds
+the quotient towards minus infinity.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.2 - <a name="2.5.2">Relational Operators</a></h3><p>
+The relational operators in Lua are
+
+<pre>
+ == ~= < > <= >=
+</pre><p>
+These operators always result in <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Equality (<code>==</code>) first compares the type of its operands.
+If the types are different, then the result is <b>false</b>.
+Otherwise, the values of the operands are compared.
+Numbers and strings are compared in the usual way.
+Objects (tables, userdata, threads, and functions)
+are compared by <em>reference</em>:
+two objects are considered equal only if they are the <em>same</em> object.
+Every time you create a new object
+(a table, userdata, thread, or function),
+this new object is different from any previously existing object.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the way that Lua compares tables and userdata
+by using the "eq" metamethod (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion rules of <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>
+<em>do not</em> apply to equality comparisons.
+Thus, <code>"0"==0</code> evaluates to <b>false</b>,
+and <code>t[0]</code> and <code>t["0"]</code> denote different
+entries in a table.
+
+
+<p>
+The operator <code>~=</code> is exactly the negation of equality (<code>==</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The order operators work as follows.
+If both arguments are numbers, then they are compared as such.
+Otherwise, if both arguments are strings,
+then their values are compared according to the current locale.
+Otherwise, Lua tries to call the "lt" or the "le"
+metamethod (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.3 - <a name="2.5.3">Logical Operators</a></h3><p>
+The logical operators in Lua are
+<b>and</b>, <b>or</b>, and <b>not</b>.
+Like the control structures (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>),
+all logical operators consider both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> as false
+and anything else as true.
+
+
+<p>
+The negation operator <b>not</b> always returns <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+The conjunction operator <b>and</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise, <b>and</b> returns its second argument.
+The disjunction operator <b>or</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b>;
+otherwise, <b>or</b> returns its second argument.
+Both <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> use short-cut evaluation;
+that is,
+the second operand is evaluated only if necessary.
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ 10 or 20 --> 10
+ 10 or error() --> 10
+ nil or "a" --> "a"
+ nil and 10 --> nil
+ false and error() --> false
+ false and nil --> false
+ false or nil --> nil
+ 10 and 20 --> 20
+</pre><p>
+(In this manual,
+--> indicates the result of the preceding expression.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.4 - <a name="2.5.4">Concatenation</a></h3><p>
+The string concatenation operator in Lua is
+denoted by two dots ('<code>..</code>').+If both operands are strings or numbers, then they are converted to
+strings according to the rules mentioned in <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>.
+Otherwise, the "concat" metamethod is called (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.5 - <a name="2.5.5">The Length Operator</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The length operator is denoted by the unary operator <code>#</code>.
+The length of a string is its number of bytes
+(that is, the usual meaning of string length when each
+character is one byte).
+
+
+<p>
+The length of a table <code>t</code> is defined to be any
+integer index <code>n</code>
+such that <code>t[n]</code> is not <b>nil</b> and <code>t[n+1]</code> is <b>nil</b>;
+moreover, if <code>t[1]</code> is <b>nil</b>, <code>n</code> may be zero.
+For a regular array, with non-nil values from 1 to a given <code>n</code>,
+its length is exactly that <code>n</code>,
+the index of its last value.
+If the array has "holes"
+(that is, <b>nil</b> values between other non-nil values),
+then <code>#t</code> may be any of the indices that
+directly precedes a <b>nil</b> value
+(that is, it may consider any such <b>nil</b> value as the end of
+the array).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.6 - <a name="2.5.6">Precedence</a></h3><p>
+Operator precedence in Lua follows the table below,
+from lower to higher priority:
+
+<pre>
+ or
+ and
+ < > <= >= ~= ==
+ ..
+ + -
+ * / %
+ not # - (unary)
+ ^
+</pre><p>
+As usual,
+you can use parentheses to change the precedences of an expression.
+The concatenation ('<code>..</code>') and exponentiation ('<code>^</code>')+operators are right associative.
+All other binary operators are left associative.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.7 - <a name="2.5.7">Table Constructors</a></h3><p>
+Table constructors are expressions that create tables.
+Every time a constructor is evaluated, a new table is created.
+Constructors can be used to create empty tables,
+or to create a table and initialize some of its fields.
+The general syntax for constructors is
+
+<pre>
+ tableconstructor ::= `<b>{</b>´ [fieldlist] `<b>}</b>´+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]+ field ::= `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ `<b>=</b>´ exp | Name `<b>=</b>´ exp | exp
+ fieldsep ::= `<b>,</b>´ | `<b>;</b>´
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each field of the form <code>[exp1] = exp2</code> adds to the new table an entry
+with key <code>exp1</code> and value <code>exp2</code>.
+A field of the form <code>name = exp</code> is equivalent to
+<code>["name"] = exp</code>.
+Finally, fields of the form <code>exp</code> are equivalent to
+<code>[i] = exp</code>, where <code>i</code> are consecutive numerical integers,
+starting with 1.
+Fields in the other formats do not affect this counting.
+For example,
+
+<pre>
+ a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 }+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local t = {}+ t[f(1)] = g
+ t[1] = "x" -- 1st exp
+ t[2] = "y" -- 2nd exp
+ t.x = 1 -- t["x"] = 1
+ t[3] = f(x) -- 3rd exp
+ t[30] = 23
+ t[4] = 45 -- 4th exp
+ a = t
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the last field in the list has the form <code>exp</code>
+and the expression is a function call or a vararg expression,
+then all values returned by this expression enter the list consecutively
+(see <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>).
+To avoid this,
+enclose the function call (or the vararg expression)
+in parentheses (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The field list may have an optional trailing separator,
+as a convenience for machine-generated code.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.8 - <a name="2.5.8">Function Calls</a></h3><p>
+A function call in Lua has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args
+</pre><p>
+In a function call,
+first prefixexp and args are evaluated.
+If the value of prefixexp has type <em>function</em>,
+then this function is called
+with the given arguments.
+Otherwise, the prefixexp "call" metamethod is called,
+having as first parameter the value of prefixexp,
+followed by the original call arguments
+(see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The form
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp `<b>:</b>´ Name args
+</pre><p>
+can be used to call "methods".
+A call <code>v:name(<em>args</em>)</code>
+is syntactic sugar for <code>v.name(v,<em>args</em>)</code>,
+except that <code>v</code> is evaluated only once.
+
+
+<p>
+Arguments have the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ args ::= `<b>(</b>´ [explist1] `<b>)</b>´
+ args ::= tableconstructor
+ args ::= String
+</pre><p>
+All argument expressions are evaluated before the call.
+A call of the form <code>f{<em>fields</em>}</code> is+syntactic sugar for <code>f({<em>fields</em>})</code>;+that is, the argument list is a single new table.
+A call of the form <code>f'<em>string</em>'</code>
+(or <code>f"<em>string</em>"</code> or <code>f[[<em>string</em>]]</code>)
+is syntactic sugar for <code>f('<em>string</em>')</code>;+that is, the argument list is a single literal string.
+
+
+<p>
+As an exception to the free-format syntax of Lua,
+you cannot put a line break before the '<code>(</code>' in a function call.
+This restriction avoids some ambiguities in the language.
+If you write
+
+<pre>
+ a = f
+ (g).x(a)
+</pre><p>
+Lua would see that as a single statement, <code>a = f(g).x(a)</code>.
+So, if you want two statements, you must add a semi-colon between them.
+If you actually want to call <code>f</code>,
+you must remove the line break before <code>(g)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+A call of the form <code>return</code> <em>functioncall</em> is called
+a <em>tail call</em>.
+Lua implements <em>proper tail calls</em>
+(or <em>proper tail recursion</em>):
+in a tail call,
+the called function reuses the stack entry of the calling function.
+Therefore, there is no limit on the number of nested tail calls that
+a program can execute.
+However, a tail call erases any debug information about the
+calling function.
+Note that a tail call only happens with a particular syntax,
+where the <b>return</b> has one single function call as argument;
+this syntax makes the calling function return exactly
+the returns of the called function.
+So, none of the following examples are tail calls:
+
+<pre>
+ return (f(x)) -- results adjusted to 1
+ return 2 * f(x)
+ return x, f(x) -- additional results
+ f(x); return -- results discarded
+ return x or f(x) -- results adjusted to 1
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.9 - <a name="2.5.9">Function Definitions</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The syntax for function definition is
+
+<pre>
+ function ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+ funcbody ::= `<b>(</b>´ [parlist1] `<b>)</b>´ block <b>end</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>function</b> funcname funcbody
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody
+ funcname ::= Name {`<b>.</b>´ Name} [`<b>:</b>´ Name]+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c.f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ local function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ local f; f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+<em>not</em> to
+
+<pre>
+ local f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+(This only makes a difference when the body of the function
+contains references to <code>f</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+A function definition is an executable expression,
+whose value has type <em>function</em>.
+When Lua pre-compiles a chunk,
+all its function bodies are pre-compiled too.
+Then, whenever Lua executes the function definition,
+the function is <em>instantiated</em> (or <em>closed</em>).
+This function instance (or <em>closure</em>)
+is the final value of the expression.
+Different instances of the same function
+may refer to different external local variables
+and may have different environment tables.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters act as local variables that are
+initialized with the argument values:
+
+<pre>
+ parlist1 ::= namelist [`<b>,</b>´ `<b>...</b>´] | `<b>...</b>´
+</pre><p>
+When a function is called,
+the list of arguments is adjusted to
+the length of the list of parameters,
+unless the function is a variadic or <em>vararg function</em>,
+which is
+indicated by three dots ('<code>...</code>') at the end of its parameter list.+A vararg function does not adjust its argument list;
+instead, it collects all extra arguments and supplies them
+to the function through a <em>vararg expression</em>,
+which is also written as three dots.
+The value of this expression is a list of all actual extra arguments,
+similar to a function with multiple results.
+If a vararg expression is used inside another expression
+or in the middle of a list of expressions,
+then its return list is adjusted to one element.
+If the expression is used as the last element of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made
+(unless the call is enclosed in parentheses).
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, consider the following definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ function f(a, b) end
+ function g(a, b, ...) end
+ function r() return 1,2,3 end
+</pre><p>
+Then, we have the following mapping from arguments to parameters and
+to the vararg expression:
+
+<pre>
+ CALL PARAMETERS
+
+ f(3) a=3, b=nil
+ f(3, 4) a=3, b=4
+ f(3, 4, 5) a=3, b=4
+ f(r(), 10) a=1, b=10
+ f(r()) a=1, b=2
+
+ g(3) a=3, b=nil, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4) a=3, b=4, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4, 5, 8) a=3, b=4, ... --> 5 8
+ g(5, r()) a=5, b=1, ... --> 2 3
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Results are returned using the <b>return</b> statement (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>).
+If control reaches the end of a function
+without encountering a <b>return</b> statement,
+then the function returns with no results.
+
+
+<p>
+The <em>colon</em> syntax
+is used for defining <em>methods</em>,
+that is, functions that have an implicit extra parameter <code>self</code>.
+Thus, the statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c:f (<em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is syntactic sugar for
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function (self, <em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.6 - <a name="2.6">Visibility Rules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+
+Lua is a lexically scoped language.
+The scope of variables begins at the first statement <em>after</em>
+their declaration and lasts until the end of the innermost block that
+includes the declaration.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ x = 10 -- global variable
+ do -- new block
+ local x = x -- new 'x', with value 10
+ print(x) --> 10
+ x = x+1
+ do -- another block
+ local x = x+1 -- another 'x'
+ print(x) --> 12
+ end
+ print(x) --> 11
+ end
+ print(x) --> 10 (the global one)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Notice that, in a declaration like <code>local x = x</code>,
+the new <code>x</code> being declared is not in scope yet,
+and so the second <code>x</code> refers to the outside variable.
+
+
+<p>
+Because of the lexical scoping rules,
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope.
+A local variable used by an inner function is called
+an <em>upvalue</em>, or <em>external local variable</em>,
+inside the inner function.
+
+
+<p>
+Notice that each execution of a <b>local</b> statement
+defines new local variables.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ a = {}+ local x = 20
+ for i=1,10 do
+ local y = 0
+ a[i] = function () y=y+1; return x+y end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The loop creates ten closures
+(that is, ten instances of the anonymous function).
+Each of these closures uses a different <code>y</code> variable,
+while all of them share the same <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.7 - <a name="2.7">Error Handling</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Because Lua is an embedded extension language,
+all Lua actions start from C code in the host program
+calling a function from the Lua library (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+Whenever an error occurs during Lua compilation or execution,
+control returns to C,
+which can take appropriate measures
+(such as printing an error message).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua code can explicitly generate an error by calling the
+<a href="#pdf-error"><code>error</code></a> function.
+If you need to catch errors in Lua,
+you can use the <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.8 - <a name="2.8">Metatables</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Every value in Lua may have a <em>metatable</em>.
+This <em>metatable</em> is an ordinary Lua table
+that defines the behavior of the original value
+under certain special operations.
+You can change several aspects of the behavior
+of operations over a value by setting specific fields in its metatable.
+For instance, when a non-numeric value is the operand of an addition,
+Lua checks for a function in the field <code>"__add"</code> in its metatable.
+If it finds one,
+Lua calls this function to perform the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+We call the keys in a metatable <em>events</em>
+and the values <em>metamethods</em>.
+In the previous example, the event is <code>"add"</code>
+and the metamethod is the function that performs the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+You can query the metatable of any value
+through the <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+You can replace the metatable of tables
+through the <a href="#pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable</code></a>
+function.
+You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua
+(except using the debug library);
+you must use the C API for that.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables and userdata have individual metatables
+(although multiple tables and userdata can share
+a same table as their metatable);
+values of all other types share one single metatable per type.
+So, there is one single metatable for all numbers,
+and for all strings, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+A metatable may control how an object behaves in arithmetic operations,
+order comparisons, concatenation, length operation, and indexing.
+A metatable can also define a function to be called when a userdata
+is garbage collected.
+For each of these operations Lua associates a specific key
+called an <em>event</em>.
+When Lua performs one of these operations over a value,
+it checks whether this value has a metatable with the corresponding event.
+If so, the value associated with that key (the metamethod)
+controls how Lua will perform the operation.
+
+
+<p>
+Metatables control the operations listed next.
+Each operation is identified by its corresponding name.
+The key for each operation is a string with its name prefixed by
+two underscores, '<code>__</code>';
+for instance, the key for operation "add" is the
+string <code>"__add"</code>.
+The semantics of these operations is better explained by a Lua function
+describing how the interpreter executes the operation.
+
+
+<p>
+The code shown here in Lua is only illustrative;
+the real behavior is hard coded in the interpreter
+and it is much more efficient than this simulation.
+All functions used in these descriptions
+(<a href="#pdf-rawget"><code>rawget</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber</code></a>, etc.)
+are described in <a href="#5.1">§5.1</a>.
+In particular, to retrieve the metamethod of a given object,
+we use the expression
+
+<pre>
+ metatable(obj)[event]
+</pre><p>
+This should be read as
+
+<pre>
+ rawget(getmetatable(obj) or {}, event)+</pre><p>
+That is, the access to a metamethod does not invoke other metamethods,
+and the access to objects with no metatables does not fail
+(it simply results in <b>nil</b>).
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"add":</b>
+the <code>+</code> operation.
+
+
+
+<p>
+The function <code>getbinhandler</code> below defines how Lua chooses a handler
+for a binary operation.
+First, Lua tries the first operand.
+If its type does not define a handler for the operation,
+then Lua tries the second operand.
+
+<pre>
+ function getbinhandler (op1, op2, event)
+ return metatable(op1)[event] or metatable(op2)[event]
+ end
+</pre><p>
+By using this function,
+the behavior of the <code>op1 + op2</code> is
+
+<pre>
+ function add_event (op1, op2)
+ local o1, o2 = tonumber(op1), tonumber(op2)
+ if o1 and o2 then -- both operands are numeric?
+ return o1 + o2 -- '+' here is the primitive 'add'
+ else -- at least one of the operands is not numeric
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__add")
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with both operands
+ return h(op1, op2)
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"sub":</b>
+the <code>-</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mul":</b>
+the <code>*</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"div":</b>
+the <code>/</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mod":</b>
+the <code>%</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the operation
+<code>o1 - floor(o1/o2)*o2</code> as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"pow":</b>
+the <code>^</code> (exponentiation) operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the function <code>pow</code> (from the C math library)
+as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"unm":</b>
+the unary <code>-</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function unm_event (op)
+ local o = tonumber(op)
+ if o then -- operand is numeric?
+ return -o -- '-' here is the primitive 'unm'
+ else -- the operand is not numeric.
+ -- Try to get a handler from the operand
+ local h = metatable(op).__unm
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with the operand
+ return h(op)
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"concat":</b>
+the <code>..</code> (concatenation) operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function concat_event (op1, op2)
+ if (type(op1) == "string" or type(op1) == "number") and
+ (type(op2) == "string" or type(op2) == "number") then
+ return op1 .. op2 -- primitive string concatenation
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__concat")
+ if h then
+ return h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"len":</b>
+the <code>#</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function len_event (op)
+ if type(op) == "string" then
+ return strlen(op) -- primitive string length
+ elseif type(op) == "table" then
+ return #op -- primitive table length
+ else
+ local h = metatable(op).__len
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with the operand
+ return h(op)
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+See <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a> for a description of the length of a table.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"eq":</b>
+the <code>==</code> operation.
+
+The function <code>getcomphandler</code> defines how Lua chooses a metamethod
+for comparison operators.
+A metamethod only is selected when both objects
+being compared have the same type
+and the same metamethod for the selected operation.
+
+<pre>
+ function getcomphandler (op1, op2, event)
+ if type(op1) ~= type(op2) then return nil end
+ local mm1 = metatable(op1)[event]
+ local mm2 = metatable(op2)[event]
+ if mm1 == mm2 then return mm1 else return nil end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The "eq" event is defined as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ function eq_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) ~= type(op2) then -- different types?
+ return false -- different objects
+ end
+ if op1 == op2 then -- primitive equal?
+ return true -- objects are equal
+ end
+ -- try metamethod
+ local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__eq")
+ if h then
+ return h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ return false
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+<code>a ~= b</code> is equivalent to <code>not (a == b)</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"lt":</b>
+the <code><</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function lt_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ error(···);
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+<code>a > b</code> is equivalent to <code>b < a</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"le":</b>
+the <code><=</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function le_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__le")
+ if h then
+ return h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return not h(op2, op1)
+ else
+ error(···);
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+<code>a >= b</code> is equivalent to <code>b <= a</code>.
+Note that, in the absence of a "le" metamethod,
+Lua tries the "lt", assuming that <code>a <= b</code> is
+equivalent to <code>not (b < a)</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"index":</b>
+The indexing access <code>table[key]</code>.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function gettable_event (table, key)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ if v ~= nil then return v end
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then return nil end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···);
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ return h(table, key) -- call the handler
+ else return h[key] -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"newindex":</b>
+The indexing assignment <code>table[key] = value</code>.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function settable_event (table, key, value)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ if v ~= nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···);
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ return h(table, key,value) -- call the handler
+ else h[key] = value -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"call":</b>
+called when Lua calls a value.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function function_event (func, ...)
+ if type(func) == "function" then
+ return func(...) -- primitive call
+ else
+ local h = metatable(func).__call
+ if h then
+ return h(func, ...)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.9 - <a name="2.9">Environments</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Besides metatables,
+objects of types thread, function, and userdata
+have another table associated with them,
+called their <em>environment</em>.
+Like metatables, environments are regular tables and
+multiple objects can share the same environment.
+
+
+<p>
+Environments associated with userdata have no meaning for Lua.
+It is only a convenience feature for programmers to associate a table to
+a userdata.
+
+
+<p>
+Environments associated with threads are called
+<em>global environments</em>.
+They are used as the default environment for their threads and
+non-nested functions created by the thread
+(through <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>)
+and can be directly accessed by C code (see <a href="#3.3">§3.3</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Environments associated with C functions can be directly
+accessed by C code (see <a href="#3.3">§3.3</a>).
+They are used as the default environment for other C functions
+created by the function.
+
+
+<p>
+Environments associated with Lua functions are used to resolve
+all accesses to global variables within the function (see <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>).
+They are used as the default environment for other Lua functions
+created by the function.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the environment of a Lua function or the
+running thread by calling <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a>.
+You can get the environment of a Lua function or the running thread
+by calling <a href="#pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv</code></a>.
+To manipulate the environment of other objects
+(userdata, C functions, other threads) you must
+use the C API.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.10 - <a name="2.10">Garbage Collection</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua performs automatic memory management.
+This means that
+you have to worry neither about allocating memory for new objects
+nor about freeing it when the objects are no longer needed.
+Lua manages memory automatically by running
+a <em>garbage collector</em> from time to time
+to collect all <em>dead objects</em>
+(that is, these objects that are no longer accessible from Lua).
+All objects in Lua are subject to automatic management:
+tables, userdata, functions, threads, and strings.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua implements an incremental mark-and-sweep collector.
+It uses two numbers to control its garbage-collection cycles:
+the <em>garbage-collector pause</em> and
+the <em>garbage-collector step multiplier</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector pause
+controls how long the collector waits before starting a new cycle.
+Larger values make the collector less aggressive.
+Values smaller than 1 mean the collector will not wait to
+start a new cycle.
+A value of 2 means that the collector waits for the total memory in use
+to double before starting a new cycle.
+
+
+<p>
+The step multiplier
+controls the relative speed of the collector relative to
+memory allocation.
+Larger values make the collector more aggressive but also increase
+the size of each incremental step.
+Values smaller than 1 make the collector too slow and
+may result in the collector never finishing a cycle.
+The default, 2, means that the collector runs at "twice"
+the speed of memory allocation.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change these numbers by calling <a href="#lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a> in C
+or <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> in Lua.
+Both get percentage points as arguments
+(so an argument of 100 means a real value of 1).
+With these functions you can also control
+the collector directly (e.g., stop and restart it).
+
+
+
+<h3>2.10.1 - <a name="2.10.1">Garbage-Collection Metamethods</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Using the C API,
+you can set garbage-collector metamethods for userdata (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+These metamethods are also called <em>finalizers</em>.
+Finalizers allow you to coordinate Lua's garbage collection
+with external resource management
+(such as closing files, network or database connections,
+or freeing your own memory).
+
+
+<p>
+Garbage userdata with a field <code>__gc</code> in their metatables are not
+collected immediately by the garbage collector.
+Instead, Lua puts them in a list.
+After the collection,
+Lua does the equivalent of the following function
+for each userdata in that list:
+
+<pre>
+ function gc_event (udata)
+ local h = metatable(udata).__gc
+ if h then
+ h(udata)
+ end
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+At the end of each garbage-collection cycle,
+the finalizers for userdata are called in <em>reverse</em>
+order of their creation,
+among those collected in that cycle.
+That is, the first finalizer to be called is the one associated
+with the userdata created last in the program.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.10.2 - <a name="2.10.2">Weak Tables</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A <em>weak table</em> is a table whose elements are
+<em>weak references</em>.
+A weak reference is ignored by the garbage collector.
+In other words,
+if the only references to an object are weak references,
+then the garbage collector will collect this object.
+
+
+<p>
+A weak table can have weak keys, weak values, or both.
+A table with weak keys allows the collection of its keys,
+but prevents the collection of its values.
+A table with both weak keys and weak values allows the collection of
+both keys and values.
+In any case, if either the key or the value is collected,
+the whole pair is removed from the table.
+The weakness of a table is controlled by the value of the
+<code>__mode</code> field of its metatable.
+If the <code>__mode</code> field is a string containing the character '<code>k</code>',
+the keys in the table are weak.
+If <code>__mode</code> contains '<code>v</code>',
+the values in the table are weak.
+
+
+<p>
+After you use a table as a metatable,
+you should not change the value of its field <code>__mode</code>.
+Otherwise, the weak behavior of the tables controlled by this
+metatable is undefined.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.11 - <a name="2.11">Coroutines</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports coroutines,
+also called <em>collaborative multithreading</em>.
+A coroutine in Lua represents an independent thread of execution.
+Unlike threads in multithread systems, however,
+a coroutine only suspends its execution by explicitly calling
+a yield function.
+
+
+<p>
+You create a coroutine with a call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>.
+Its sole argument is a function
+that is the main function of the coroutine.
+The <code>create</code> function only creates a new coroutine and
+returns a handle to it (an object of type <em>thread</em>);
+it does not start the coroutine execution.
+
+
+<p>
+When you first call <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+passing as its first argument
+the thread returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the coroutine starts its execution,
+at the first line of its main function.
+Extra arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> are passed on
+to the coroutine main function.
+After the coroutine starts running,
+it runs until it terminates or <em>yields</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine can terminate its execution in two ways:
+normally, when its main function returns
+(explicitly or implicitly, after the last instruction);
+and abnormally, if there is an unprotected error.
+In the first case, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values returned by the coroutine main function.
+In case of errors, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>false</b>
+plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine yields by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+When a coroutine yields,
+the corresponding <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns immediately,
+even if the yield happens inside nested function calls
+(that is, not in the main function,
+but in a function directly or indirectly called by the main function).
+In the case of a yield, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> also returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+The next time you resume the same coroutine,
+it continues its execution from the point where it yielded,
+with the call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a> returning any extra
+arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> function creates a coroutine,
+just like <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+but instead of returning the coroutine itself,
+it returns a function that, when called, resumes the coroutine.
+Any arguments passed to this function
+go as extra arguments to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> returns all the values returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+except the first one (the boolean error code).
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> does not catch errors;
+any error is propagated to the caller.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example,
+consider the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ function foo (a)
+ print("foo", a)+ return coroutine.yield(2*a)
+ end
+
+ co = coroutine.create(function (a,b)
+ print("co-body", a, b)+ local r = foo(a+1)
+ print("co-body", r)+ local r, s = coroutine.yield(a+b, a-b)
+ print("co-body", r, s)+ return b, "end"
+ end)
+
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, 1, 10))+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "r"))+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))+</pre><p>
+When you run it, it produces the following output:
+
+<pre>
+ co-body 1 10
+ foo 2
+ main true 4
+ co-body r
+ main true 11 -9
+ co-body x y
+ main true 10 end
+ main false cannot resume dead coroutine
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>3 - <a name="3">The Application Program Interface</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+This section describes the C API for Lua, that is,
+the set of C functions available to the host program to communicate
+with Lua.
+All API functions and related types and constants
+are declared in the header file <a name="pdf-lua.h"><code>lua.h</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Even when we use the term "function",
+any facility in the API may be provided as a macro instead.
+All such macros use each of their arguments exactly once
+(except for the first argument, which is always a Lua state),
+and so do not generate any hidden side-effects.
+
+
+<p>
+As in most C libraries,
+the Lua API functions do not check their arguments for validity or consistency.
+However, you can change this behavior by compiling Lua
+with a proper definition for the macro <a name="pdf-luai_apicheck"><code>luai_apicheck</code></a>,
+in file <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+
+<h2>3.1 - <a name="3.1">The Stack</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua uses a <em>virtual stack</em> to pass values to and from C.
+Each element in this stack represents a Lua value
+(<b>nil</b>, number, string, etc.).
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C, the called function gets a new stack,
+which is independent of previous stacks and of stacks of
+C functions that are still active.
+This stack initially contains any arguments to the C function
+and it is where the C function pushes its results
+to be returned to the caller (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+most query operations in the API do not follow a strict stack discipline.
+Instead, they can refer to any element in the stack
+by using an <em>index</em>:
+A positive index represents an <em>absolute</em> stack position
+(starting at 1);
+a negative index represents an <em>offset</em> relative to the top of the stack.
+More specifically, if the stack has <em>n</em> elements,
+then index 1 represents the first element
+(that is, the element that was pushed onto the stack first)
+and
+index <em>n</em> represents the last element;
+index -1 also represents the last element
+(that is, the element at the top)
+and index <em>-n</em> represents the first element.
+We say that an index is <em>valid</em>
+if it lies between 1 and the stack top
+(that is, if <code>1 ≤ abs(index) ≤ top</code>).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.2 - <a name="3.2">Stack Size</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When you interact with Lua API,
+you are responsible for ensuring consistency.
+In particular,
+<em>you are responsible for controlling stack overflow</em>.
+You can use the function <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>
+to grow the stack size.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C,
+it ensures that at least <a name="pdf-LUA_MINSTACK"><code>LUA_MINSTACK</code></a> stack positions are available.
+<code>LUA_MINSTACK</code> is defined as 20,
+so that usually you do not have to worry about stack space
+unless your code has loops pushing elements onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Most query functions accept as indices any value inside the
+available stack space, that is, indices up to the maximum stack size
+you have set through <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>.
+Such indices are called <em>acceptable indices</em>.
+More formally, we define an <em>acceptable index</em>
+as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ (index < 0 && abs(index) <= top) ||
+ (index > 0 && index <= stackspace)
+</pre><p>
+Note that 0 is never an acceptable index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.3 - <a name="3.3">Pseudo-Indices</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise noted,
+any function that accepts valid indices can also be called with
+<em>pseudo-indices</em>,
+which represent some Lua values that are accessible to C code
+but which are not in the stack.
+Pseudo-indices are used to access the thread environment,
+the function environment,
+the registry,
+and the upvalues of a C function (see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The thread environment (where global variables live) is
+always at pseudo-index <a name="pdf-LUA_GLOBALSINDEX"><code>LUA_GLOBALSINDEX</code></a>.
+The environment of the running C function is always
+at pseudo-index <a name="pdf-LUA_ENVIRONINDEX"><code>LUA_ENVIRONINDEX</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+To access and change the value of global variables,
+you can use regular table operations over an environment table.
+For instance, to access the value of a global variable, do
+
+<pre>
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, varname);
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.4 - <a name="3.4">C Closures</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a <em>C closure</em>;
+these values are called <em>upvalues</em> and are
+accessible to the function whenever it is called
+(see <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a C function is called,
+its upvalues are located at specific pseudo-indices.
+These pseudo-indices are produced by the macro
+<a name="lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a>.
+The first value associated with a function is at position
+<code>lua_upvalueindex(1)</code>, and so on.
+Any access to <code>lua_upvalueindex(<em>n</em>)</code>,
+where <em>n</em> is greater than the number of upvalues of the
+current function,
+produces an acceptable (but invalid) index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.5 - <a name="3.5">Registry</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides a <em>registry</em>,
+a pre-defined table that can be used by any C code to
+store whatever Lua value it needs to store.
+This table is always located at pseudo-index
+<a name="pdf-LUA_REGISTRYINDEX"><code>LUA_REGISTRYINDEX</code></a>.
+Any C library can store data into this table,
+but it should take care to choose keys different from those used
+by other libraries, to avoid collisions.
+Typically, you should use as key a string containing your library name
+or a light userdata with the address of a C object in your code.
+
+
+<p>
+The integer keys in the registry are used by the reference mechanism,
+implemented by the auxiliary library,
+and therefore should not be used for other purposes.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.6 - <a name="3.6">Error Handling in C</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to handle errors.
+(You can also choose to use exceptions if you use C++;
+see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+When Lua faces any error
+(such as memory allocation errors, type errors, syntax errors,
+and runtime errors)
+it <em>raises</em> an error;
+that is, it does a long jump.
+A <em>protected environment</em> uses <code>setjmp</code>
+to set a recover point;
+any error jumps to the most recent active recover point.
+
+
+<p>
+Almost any function in the API may raise an error,
+for instance due to a memory allocation error.
+The following functions run in protected mode
+(that is, they create a protected environment to run),
+so they never raise an error:
+<a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>, <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>, <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>, and <a href="#lua_cpcall"><code>lua_cpcall</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Inside a C function you can raise an error by calling <a href="#lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.7 - <a name="3.7">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the C API in
+alphabetical order.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud,
+ void *ptr,
+ size_t osize,
+ size_t nsize);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the memory-allocation function used by Lua states.
+The allocator function must provide a
+functionality similar to <code>realloc</code>,
+but not exactly the same.
+Its arguments are
+<code>ud</code>, an opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>;
+<code>ptr</code>, a pointer to the block being allocated/reallocated/freed;
+<code>osize</code>, the original size of the block;
+<code>nsize</code>, the new size of the block.
+<code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code> if and only if <code>osize</code> is zero.
+When <code>nsize</code> is zero, the allocator must return <code>NULL</code>;
+if <code>osize</code> is not zero,
+it should free the block pointed to by <code>ptr</code>.
+When <code>nsize</code> is not zero, the allocator returns <code>NULL</code>
+if and only if it cannot fill the request.
+When <code>nsize</code> is not zero and <code>osize</code> is zero,
+the allocator should behave like <code>malloc</code>.
+When <code>nsize</code> and <code>osize</code> are not zero,
+the allocator behaves like <code>realloc</code>.
+Lua assumes that the allocator never fails when
+<code>osize >= nsize</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Here is a simple implementation for the allocator function.
+It is used in the auxiliary library by <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>.
+
+<pre>
+ static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {+ (void)ud; /* not used */
+ (void)osize; /* not used */
+ if (nsize == 0) {+ free(ptr); /* ANSI requires that free(NULL) has no effect */
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ /* ANSI requires that realloc(NULL, size) == malloc(size) */
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+ }
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets a new panic function and returns the old one.
+
+
+<p>
+If an error happens outside any protected environment,
+Lua calls a <em>panic function</em>
+and then calls <code>exit(EXIT_FAILURE)</code>,
+thus exiting the host application.
+Your panic function may avoid this exit by
+never returning (e.g., doing a long jump).
+
+
+<p>
+The panic function can access the error message at the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function.
+
+
+<p>
+To call a function you must use the following protocol:
+first, the function to be called is pushed onto the stack;
+then, the arguments to the function are pushed
+in direct order;
+that is, the first argument is pushed first.
+Finally you call <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>;
+<code>nargs</code> is the number of arguments that you pushed onto the stack.
+All arguments and the function value are popped from the stack
+when the function is called.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack when the function returns.
+The number of results is adjusted to <code>nresults</code>,
+unless <code>nresults</code> is <a name="pdf-LUA_MULTRET"><code>LUA_MULTRET</code></a>.
+In this case, <em>all</em> results from the function are pushed.
+Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack in direct order
+(the first result is pushed first),
+so that after the call the last result is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Any error inside the called function is propagated upwards
+(with a <code>longjmp</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The following example shows how the host program may do the
+equivalent to this Lua code:
+
+<pre>
+ a = f("how", t.x, 14)+</pre><p>
+Here it is in C:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "f"); /* function to be called */
+ lua_pushstring(L, "how"); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "t"); /* table to be indexed */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "x"); /* push result of t.x (2nd arg) */
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 't' from the stack */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 14); /* 3rd argument */
+ lua_call(L, 3, 1); /* call function with 3 arguments and 1 result */
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "a"); /* set global variable 'a' */
+</pre><p>
+Note that the code above is "balanced":
+at its end, the stack is back to its original configuration.
+This is considered good programming practice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for C functions.
+
+
+<p>
+In order to communicate properly with Lua,
+a C function must use the following protocol,
+which defines the way parameters and results are passed:
+a C function receives its arguments from Lua in its stack
+in direct order (the first argument is pushed first).
+So, when the function starts,
+<code>lua_gettop(L)</code> returns the number of arguments received by the function.
+The first argument (if any) is at index 1
+and its last argument is at index <code>lua_gettop(L)</code>.
+To return values to Lua, a C function just pushes them onto the stack,
+in direct order (the first result is pushed first),
+and returns the number of results.
+Any other value in the stack below the results will be properly
+discarded by Lua.
+Like a Lua function, a C function called by Lua can also return
+many results.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following function receives a variable number
+of numerical arguments and returns their average and sum:
+
+<pre>
+ static int foo (lua_State *L) {+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number sum = 0;
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {+ if (!lua_isnumber(L, i)) {+ lua_pushstring(L, "incorrect argument to function 'average'");
+ lua_error(L);
+ }
+ sum += lua_tonumber(L, i);
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum/n); /* first result */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum); /* second result */
+ return 2; /* number of results */
+ }
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int extra);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that there are at least <code>extra</code> free stack slots in the stack.
+It returns false if it cannot grow the stack to that size.
+This function never shrinks the stack;
+if the stack is already larger than the new size,
+it is left unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_close (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Destroys all objects in the given Lua state
+(calling the corresponding garbage-collection metamethods, if any)
+and frees all dynamic memory used by this state.
+On several platforms, you may not need to call this function,
+because all resources are naturally released when the host program ends.
+On the other hand, long-running programs,
+such as a daemon or a web server,
+might need to release states as soon as they are not needed,
+to avoid growing too large.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_concat"><code>lua_concat</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Concatenates the <code>n</code> values at the top of the stack,
+pops them, and leaves the result at the top.
+If <code>n</code> is 1, the result is the single string on the stack
+(that is, the function does nothing);
+if <code>n</code> is 0, the result is the empty string.
+Concatenation is done following the usual semantics of Lua
+(see <a href="#2.5.4">§2.5.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_cpcall"><code>lua_cpcall</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_cpcall (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls the C function <code>func</code> in protected mode.
+<code>func</code> starts with only one element in its stack,
+a light userdata containing <code>ud</code>.
+In case of errors,
+<a href="#lua_cpcall"><code>lua_cpcall</code></a> returns the same error codes as <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+plus the error object on the top of the stack;
+otherwise, it returns zero, and does not change the stack.
+All values returned by <code>func</code> are discarded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_createtable"><code>lua_createtable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+The new table has space pre-allocated
+for <code>narr</code> array elements and <code>nrec</code> non-array elements.
+This pre-allocation is useful when you know exactly how many elements
+the table will have.
+Otherwise you can use the function <a href="#lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Dumps a function as a binary chunk.
+Receives a Lua function on the top of the stack
+and produces a binary chunk that,
+if loaded again,
+results in a function equivalent to the one dumped.
+As it produces parts of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls function <code>writer</code> (see <a href="#lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a>)
+with the given <code>data</code>
+to write them.
+
+
+<p>
+The value returned is the error code returned by the last
+call to the writer;
+0 means no errors.
+
+
+<p>
+This function does not pop the Lua function from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_equal"><code>lua_equal</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the two values in acceptable indices <code>index1</code> and
+<code>index2</code> are equal,
+following the semantics of the Lua <code>==</code> operator
+(that is, may call metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_error (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Generates a Lua error.
+The error message (which can actually be a Lua value of any type)
+must be on the stack top.
+This function does a long jump,
+and therefore never returns.
+(see <a href="#luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Controls the garbage collector.
+
+
+<p>
+This function performs several tasks,
+according to the value of the parameter <code>what</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTOP</code>:</b>
+stops the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCRESTART</code>:</b>
+restarts the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOLLECT</code>:</b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNT</code>:</b>
+returns the current amount of memory (in Kbytes) in use by Lua.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNTB</code>:</b>
+returns the remainder of dividing the current amount of bytes of
+memory in use by Lua by 1024.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTEP</code>:</b>
+performs an incremental step of garbage collection.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>data</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>data</code>.
+The function returns 1 if the step finished a
+garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETPAUSE</code>:</b>
+sets <code>data</code>/100 as the new value
+for the <em>pause</em> of the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the pause.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL</code>:</b>
+sets <code>arg</code>/100 as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the step multiplier.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getallocf"><code>lua_getallocf</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the memory-allocation function of a given state.
+If <code>ud</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, Lua stores in <code>*ud</code> the
+opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfenv"><code>lua_getfenv</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_getfenv (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the environment table of
+the value at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfield"><code>lua_getfield</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index <code>index</code>.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getglobal"><code>lua_getglobal</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value of the global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_getglobal(L,s) lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, s)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getmetatable"><code>lua_getmetatable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable of the value at the given
+acceptable index.
+If the index is not valid,
+or if the value does not have a metatable,
+the function returns 0 and pushes nothing on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index <code>index</code>
+and <code>k</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the key from the stack
+(putting the resulting value in its place).
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettop"><code>lua_gettop</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_gettop (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the index of the top element in the stack.
+Because indices start at 1,
+this result is equal to the number of elements in the stack
+(and so 0 means an empty stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_insert"><code>lua_insert</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given valid index,
+shifting up the elements above this index to open space.
+Cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ptrdiff_t lua_Integer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type used by the Lua API to represent integral values.
+
+
+<p>
+By default it is a <code>ptrdiff_t</code>,
+which is usually the largest integral type the machine handles
+"comfortably".
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_isboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index has type boolean,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_iscfunction"><code>lua_iscfunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a C function,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isfunction"><code>lua_isfunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_isfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a function
+(either C or Lua), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_islightuserdata"><code>lua_islightuserdata</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_islightuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a light userdata,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnil"><code>lua_isnil</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_isnil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnumber"><code>lua_isnumber</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a number
+or a string convertible to a number,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isstring"><code>lua_isstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a string
+or a number (which is always convertible to a string),
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_istable"><code>lua_istable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_istable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a table,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isthread"><code>lua_isthread</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_isthread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a thread,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isuserdata"><code>lua_isuserdata</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a userdata
+(either full or light), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_lessthan"><code>lua_lessthan</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at acceptable index <code>index1</code> is smaller
+than the value at acceptable index <code>index2</code>,
+following the semantics of the Lua <code><</code> operator
+(that is, may call metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_load (lua_State *L,
+ lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data,
+ const char *chunkname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a Lua chunk.
+If there are no errors,
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> pushes the compiled chunk as a Lua
+function on top of the stack.
+Otherwise, it pushes an error message.
+The return values of <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> are:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>0:</b> no errors;</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX"><code>LUA_ERRSYNTAX</code></a>:</b>
+syntax error during pre-compilation;</li>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>:</b>
+memory allocation error.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This function only loads a chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> automatically detects whether the chunk is text or binary,
+and loads it accordingly (see program <code>luac</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> uses a user-supplied <code>reader</code> function to read the chunk
+(see <a href="#lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a>).
+The <code>data</code> argument is an opaque value passed to the reader function.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>chunkname</code> argument gives a name to the chunk,
+which is used for error messages and in debug information (see <a href="#3.8">§3.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new, independent state.
+Returns <code>NULL</code> if cannot create the state
+(due to lack of memory).
+The argument <code>f</code> is the allocator function;
+Lua does all memory allocation for this state through this function.
+The second argument, <code>ud</code>, is an opaque pointer that Lua
+simply passes to the allocator in every call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_newtable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+It is equivalent to <code>lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new thread, pushes it on the stack,
+and returns a pointer to a <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a> that represents this new thread.
+The new state returned by this function shares with the original state
+all global objects (such as tables),
+but has an independent execution stack.
+
+
+<p>
+There is no explicit function to close or to destroy a thread.
+Threads are subject to garbage collection,
+like any Lua object.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newuserdata"><code>lua_newuserdata</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function allocates a new block of memory with the given size,
+pushes onto the stack a new full userdata with the block address,
+and returns this address.
+
+
+<p>
+Userdata represents C values in Lua.
+A <em>full userdata</em> represents a block of memory.
+It is an object (like a table):
+you must create it, it can have its own metatable,
+and you can detect when it is being collected.
+A full userdata is only equal to itself (under raw equality).
+
+
+<p>
+When Lua collects a full userdata with a <code>gc</code> metamethod,
+Lua calls the metamethod and marks the userdata as finalized.
+When this userdata is collected again then
+Lua frees its corresponding memory.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a key from the stack,
+and pushes a key-value pair from the table at the given index
+(the "next" pair after the given key).
+If there are no more elements in the table,
+then <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a> returns 0 (and pushes nothing).
+
+
+<p>
+A typical traversal looks like this:
+
+<pre>
+ /* table is in the stack at index 't' */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, t) != 0) {+ /* 'key' is at index -2 and 'value' at index -1 */
+ printf("%s - %s\n",+ lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -2)), lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -1)));
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* removes 'value'; keeps 'key' for next iteration */
+ }
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+While traversing a table,
+do not call <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> directly on a key,
+unless you know that the key is actually a string.
+Recall that <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> <em>changes</em>
+the value at the given index;
+this confuses the next call to <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef double lua_Number;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of numbers in Lua.
+By default, it is double, but that can be changed in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Through the configuration file you can change
+Lua to operate with another type for numbers (e.g., float or long).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_objlen"><code>lua_objlen</code></a></h3>
+<pre>size_t lua_objlen (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the "length" of the value at the given acceptable index:
+for strings, this is the string length;
+for tables, this is the result of the length operator ('<code>#</code>');+for userdata, this is the size of the block of memory allocated
+for the userdata;
+for other values, it is 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function in protected mode.
+
+
+<p>
+Both <code>nargs</code> and <code>nresults</code> have the same meaning as
+in <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+If there are no errors during the call,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+However, if there is any error,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> catches it,
+pushes a single value on the stack (the error message),
+and returns an error code.
+Like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> always removes the function
+and its arguments from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>errfunc</code> is 0,
+then the error message returned on the stack
+is exactly the original error message.
+Otherwise, <code>errfunc</code> is the stack index of an
+<em>error handler function</em>.
+(In the current implementation, this index cannot be a pseudo-index.)
+In case of runtime errors,
+this function will be called with the error message
+and its return value will be the message returned on the stack by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically, the error handler function is used to add more debug
+information to the error message, such as a stack traceback.
+Such information cannot be gathered after the return of <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+since by then the stack has unwound.
+
+
+<p>
+The <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> function returns 0 in case of success
+or one of the following error codes
+(defined in <code>lua.h</code>):
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRRUN"><code>LUA_ERRRUN</code></a>:</b>
+a runtime error.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>:</b>
+memory allocation error.
+For such errors, Lua does not call the error handler function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRERR"><code>LUA_ERRERR</code></a>:</b>
+error while running the error handler function.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pop (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops <code>n</code> elements from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushboolean"><code>lua_pushboolean</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a boolean value with value <code>b</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a new C closure onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a C closure (see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>);
+these values are then accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+To associate values with a C function,
+first these values should be pushed onto the stack
+(when there are multiple values, the first value is pushed first).
+Then <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>
+is called to create and push the C function onto the stack,
+with the argument <code>n</code> telling how many values should be
+associated with the function.
+<a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> also pops these values from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushcfunction (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a C function onto the stack.
+This function receives a pointer to a C function
+and pushes onto the stack a Lua value of type <code>function</code> that,
+when called, invokes the corresponding C function.
+
+
+<p>
+Any function to be registered in Lua must
+follow the correct protocol to receive its parameters
+and return its results (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The call <code>lua_pushcfunction(L, f)</code> is equivalent to
+<code>lua_pushcclosure(L, f, 0)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a formatted string
+and returns a pointer to this string.
+It is similar to the C function <code>sprintf</code>,
+but has some important differences:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+You do not have to allocate space for the result:
+the result is a Lua string and Lua takes care of memory allocation
+(and deallocation, through garbage collection).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The conversion specifiers are quite restricted.
+There are no flags, widths, or precisions.
+The conversion specifiers can only be
+'<code>%%</code>' (inserts a '<code>%</code>' in the string),
+'<code>%s</code>' (inserts a zero-terminated string, with no size restrictions),
+'<code>%f</code>' (inserts a <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>),
+'<code>%p</code>' (inserts a pointer as a hexadecimal numeral),
+'<code>%d</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code>), and
+'<code>%c</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code> as a character).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushinteger"><code>lua_pushinteger</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlightuserdata"><code>lua_pushlightuserdata</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a light userdata onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Userdata represents C values in Lua.
+A <em>light userdata</em> represents a pointer.
+It is a value (like a number):
+you do not create it, it has no individual metatable,
+and it is not collected (as it was never created).
+A light userdata is equal to "any"
+light userdata with the same C address.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with size <code>len</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+The string can contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnil"><code>lua_pushnil</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a nil value onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnumber"><code>lua_pushnumber</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+The string cannot contain embedded zeros;
+it is assumed to end at the first zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushthread"><code>lua_pushthread</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the thread represented by <code>L</code> onto the stack.
+Returns 1 if this thread is the main thread of its state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvalue"><code>lua_pushvalue</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a copy of the element at the given valid index
+onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvfstring"><code>lua_pushvfstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L,
+ const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>, except that it receives a <code>va_list</code>
+instead of a variable number of arguments.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawequal"><code>lua_rawequal</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the two values in acceptable indices <code>index1</code> and
+<code>index2</code> are primitively equal
+(that is, without calling metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices are non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawget"><code>lua_rawget</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a>, but does a raw access
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgeti"><code>lua_rawgeti</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[n]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index <code>index</code>.
+The access is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawset"><code>lua_rawset</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a>, but does a raw assignment
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawseti"><code>lua_rawseti</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[n] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index <code>index</code>
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack,
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L,
+ void *data,
+ size_t *size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The reader function used by <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+Every time it needs another piece of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> calls the reader,
+passing along its <code>data</code> parameter.
+The reader must return a pointer to a block of memory
+with a new piece of the chunk
+and set <code>size</code> to the block size.
+The block must exist until the reader function is called again.
+To signal the end of the chunk, the reader must return <code>NULL</code>.
+The reader function may return pieces of any size greater than zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_register"><code>lua_register</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_register (lua_State *L, const char *name, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the C function <code>f</code> as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, f), lua_setglobal(L, n))
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_remove"><code>lua_remove</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Removes the element at the given valid index,
+shifting down the elements above this index to fill the gap.
+Cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_replace"><code>lua_replace</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given position (and pops it),
+without shifting any element
+(therefore replacing the value at the given position).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_resume (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Starts and resumes a coroutine in a given thread.
+
+
+<p>
+To start a coroutine, you first create a new thread
+(see <a href="#lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a>);
+then you push onto its stack the main function plus any arguments;
+then you call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+with <code>narg</code> being the number of arguments.
+This call returns when the coroutine suspends or finishes its execution.
+When it returns, the stack contains all values passed to <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>,
+or all values returned by the body function.
+<a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> returns
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the coroutine yields,
+0 if the coroutine finishes its execution
+without errors,
+or an error code in case of errors (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+In case of errors,
+the stack is not unwound,
+so you can use the debug API over it.
+The error message is on the top of the stack.
+To restart a coroutine, you put on its stack only the values to
+be passed as results from <code>yield</code>,
+and then call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setallocf"><code>lua_setallocf</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Changes the allocator function of a given state to <code>f</code>
+with user data <code>ud</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfenv"><code>lua_setfenv</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_setfenv (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table from the stack and sets it as
+the new environment for the value at the given index.
+If the value at the given index is
+neither a function nor a thread nor a userdata,
+<a href="#lua_setfenv"><code>lua_setfenv</code></a> returns 0.
+Otherwise it returns 1.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfield"><code>lua_setfield</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index <code>index</code>
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack,
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setglobal"><code>lua_setglobal</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a value from the stack and
+sets it as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_setglobal(L,s) lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, s)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setmetatable"><code>lua_setmetatable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table from the stack and
+sets it as the new metatable for the value at the given
+acceptable index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index <code>index</code>,
+<code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack,
+and <code>k</code> is the value just below the top.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops both the key and the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Accepts any acceptable index, or 0,
+and sets the stack top to this index.
+If the new top is larger than the old one,
+then the new elements are filled with <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>index</code> is 0, then all stack elements are removed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_State lua_State;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opaque structure that keeps the whole state of a Lua interpreter.
+The Lua library is fully reentrant:
+it has no global variables.
+All information about a state is kept in this structure.
+
+
+<p>
+A pointer to this state must be passed as the first argument to
+every function in the library, except to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>,
+which creates a Lua state from scratch.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_status"><code>lua_status</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_status (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of the thread <code>L</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The status can be 0 for a normal thread,
+an error code if the thread finished its execution with an error,
+or <a name="pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the thread is suspended.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C boolean
+value (0 or 1).
+Like all tests in Lua,
+<a href="#lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a> returns 1 for any Lua value
+different from <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise it returns 0.
+It also returns 0 when called with a non-valid index.
+(If you want to accept only actual boolean values,
+use <a href="#lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a> to test the value's type.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tocfunction"><code>lua_tocfunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts a value at the given acceptable index to a C function.
+That value must be a C function;
+otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int idx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index
+to the signed integral type <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>);
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If the number is not an integer,
+it is truncated in some non-specified way.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a string
+(<code>const char*</code>).
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+it also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+The Lua value must be a string or a number;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+If the value is a number,
+then <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> also
+<em>changes the actual value in the stack to a string</em>.
+(This change confuses <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>
+when <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> is applied to keys during a table traversal.)
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> returns a fully aligned pointer
+to a string inside the Lua state.
+This string always has a zero ('<code>\0</code>')+after its last character (as in C),
+but may contain other zeros in its body.
+Because Lua has garbage collection,
+there is no guarantee that the pointer returned by <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a>
+will be valid after the corresponding value is removed from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index
+to a number (see <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>).
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>);
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a> returns 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a generic
+C pointer (<code>void*</code>).
+The value may be a userdata, a table, a thread, or a function;
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a> returns <code>NULL</code>.
+Different objects will give different pointers.
+There is no way to convert the pointer back to its original value.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically this function is used only for debug information.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tostring"><code>lua_tostring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> with <code>len</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tothread"><code>lua_tothread</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a Lua thread
+(represented as <code>lua_State*</code>).
+This value must be a thread;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the value at the given acceptable index is a full userdata,
+returns its block address.
+If the value is a light userdata,
+returns its pointer.
+Otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_type (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the value in the given acceptable index,
+or <code>LUA_TNONE</code> for a non-valid index
+(that is, an index to an "empty" stack position).
+The types returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> are coded by the following constants
+defined in <code>lua.h</code>:
+<code>LUA_TNIL</code>,
+<code>LUA_TNUMBER</code>,
+<code>LUA_TBOOLEAN</code>,
+<code>LUA_TSTRING</code>,
+<code>LUA_TTABLE</code>,
+<code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code>,
+<code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code>,
+<code>LUA_TTHREAD</code>,
+and
+<code>LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_typename"><code>lua_typename</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int tp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type encoded by the value <code>tp</code>,
+which must be one the values returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L,
+ const void* p,
+ size_t sz,
+ void* ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The writer function used by <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+Every time it produces another piece of chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls the writer,
+passing along the buffer to be written (<code>p</code>),
+its size (<code>sz</code>),
+and the <code>data</code> parameter supplied to <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The writer returns an error code:
+0 means no errors;
+any other value means an error and stops <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> from
+calling the writer again.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_xmove"><code>lua_xmove</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Exchange values between different threads of the <em>same</em> global state.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops <code>n</code> values from the stack <code>from</code>,
+and pushes them onto the stack <code>to</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Yields a coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+This function should only be called as the
+return expression of a C function, as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ return lua_yield (L, nresults);
+</pre><p>
+When a C function calls <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a> in that way,
+the running coroutine suspends its execution,
+and the call to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> that started this coroutine returns.
+The parameter <code>nresults</code> is the number of values from the stack
+that are passed as results to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.8 - <a name="3.8">The Debug Interface</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua has no built-in debugging facilities.
+Instead, it offers a special interface
+by means of functions and <em>hooks</em>.
+This interface allows the construction of different
+kinds of debuggers, profilers, and other tools
+that need "inside information" from the interpreter.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_Debug {+ int event;
+ const char *name; /* (n) */
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) */
+ const char *what; /* (S) */
+ const char *source; /* (S) */
+ int currentline; /* (l) */
+ int nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+ /* private part */
+ <em>other fields</em>
+} lua_Debug;</pre>
+
+<p>
+A structure used to carry different pieces of
+information about an active function.
+<a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> fills only the private part
+of this structure, for later use.
+To fill the other fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> with useful information,
+call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> have the following meaning:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>source</code>:</b>
+If the function was defined in a string,
+then <code>source</code> is that string.
+If the function was defined in a file,
+then <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>@</code>' followed by the file name.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>short_src</code>:</b>
+a "printable" version of <code>source</code>, to be used in error messages.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>linedefined</code>:</b>
+the line number where the definition of the function starts.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>lastlinedefined</code>:</b>
+the line number where the definition of the function ends.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>what</code>:</b>
+the string <code>"Lua"</code> if the function is a Lua function,
+<code>"C"</code> if it is a C function,
+<code>"main"</code> if it is the main part of a chunk,
+and <code>"tail"</code> if it was a function that did a tail call.
+In the latter case,
+Lua has no other information about the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>currentline</code>:</b>
+the current line where the given function is executing.
+When no line information is available,
+<code>currentline</code> is set to -1.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>name</code>:</b>
+a reasonable name for the given function.
+Because functions in Lua are first-class values,
+they do not have a fixed name:
+some functions may be the value of multiple global variables,
+while others may be stored only in a table field.
+The <code>lua_getinfo</code> function checks how the function was
+called to find a suitable name.
+If it cannot find a name,
+then <code>name</code> is set to <code>NULL</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>namewhat</code>:</b>
+explains the <code>name</code> field.
+The value of <code>namewhat</code> can be
+<code>"global"</code>, <code>"local"</code>, <code>"method"</code>,
+<code>"field"</code>, <code>"upvalue"</code>, or <code>""</code> (the empty string),
+according to how the function was called.
+(Lua uses the empty string when no other option seems to apply.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nups</code>:</b>
+the number of upvalues of the function.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethook"><code>lua_gethook</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookcount"><code>lua_gethookcount</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook count.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookmask"><code>lua_gethookmask</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook mask.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns information about a specific function or function invocation.
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function invocation,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function you push it onto the stack
+and start the <code>what</code> string with the character '<code>></code>'.
+(In that case,
+<code>lua_getinfo</code> pops the function in the top of the stack.)
+For instance, to know in which line a function <code>f</code> was defined,
+you can write the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "f"); /* get global 'f' */
+ lua_getinfo(L, ">S", &ar);
+ printf("%d\n", ar.linedefined);+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each character in the string <code>what</code>
+selects some fields of the structure <code>ar</code> to be filled or
+a value to be pushed on the stack:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>'<code>n</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>S</code>':</b>
+fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>linedefined</code>,
+<code>lastlinedefined</code>, <code>what</code>, and <code>short_src</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>u</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>nups</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>f</code>':</b>
+pushes onto the stack the function that is
+running at the given level;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>L</code>':</b>
+pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are the
+numbers of the lines that are valid on the function.
+(A <em>valid line</em> is a line with some associated code,
+that is, a line where you can put a break point.
+Non-valid lines include empty lines and comments.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This function returns 0 on error
+(for instance, an invalid option in <code>what</code>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a local variable of a given activation record.
+The parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+The index <code>n</code> selects which local variable to inspect
+(1 is the first parameter or active local variable, and so on,
+until the last active local variable).
+<a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> pushes the variable's value onto the stack
+and returns its name.
+
+
+<p>
+Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parentheses)
+represent internal variables
+(loop control variables, temporaries, and C function locals).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Get information about the interpreter runtime stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function fills parts of a <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> structure with
+an identification of the <em>activation record</em>
+of the function executing at a given level.
+Level 0 is the current running function,
+whereas level <em>n+1</em> is the function that has called level <em>n</em>.
+When there are no errors, <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> returns 1;
+when called with a level greater than the stack depth,
+it returns 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a closure's upvalue.
+(For Lua functions,
+upvalues are the external local variables that the function uses,
+and that are consequently included in its closure.)
+<a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a> gets the index <code>n</code> of an upvalue,
+pushes the upvalue's value onto the stack,
+and returns its name.
+<code>funcindex</code> points to the closure in the stack.
+(Upvalues have no particular order,
+as they are active through the whole function.
+So, they are numbered in an arbitrary order.)
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+For C functions, this function uses the empty string <code>""</code>
+as a name for all upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for debugging hook functions.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a hook is called, its <code>ar</code> argument has its field
+<code>event</code> set to the specific event that triggered the hook.
+Lua identifies these events with the following constants:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKRET"><code>LUA_HOOKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKTAILRET"><code>LUA_HOOKTAILRET</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKLINE"><code>LUA_HOOKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCOUNT"><code>LUA_HOOKCOUNT</code></a>.
+Moreover, for line events, the field <code>currentline</code> is also set.
+To get the value of any other field in <code>ar</code>,
+the hook must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+For return events, <code>event</code> may be <code>LUA_HOOKRET</code>,
+the normal value, or <code>LUA_HOOKTAILRET</code>.
+In the latter case, Lua is simulating a return from
+a function that did a tail call;
+in this case, it is useless to call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+While Lua is running a hook, it disables other calls to hooks.
+Therefore, if a hook calls back Lua to execute a function or a chunk,
+this execution occurs without any calls to hooks.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_sethook"><code>lua_sethook</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the debugging hook function.
+
+
+<p>
+<code>func</code> is the hook function.
+<code>mask</code> specifies on which events the hook will be called:
+it is formed by a bitwise or of the constants
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCALL"><code>LUA_MASKCALL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKRET"><code>LUA_MASKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKLINE"><code>LUA_MASKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCOUNT"><code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code></a>.
+The <code>count</code> argument is only meaningful when the mask
+includes <code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code>.
+For each event, the hook is called as explained below:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>The call hook:</b> is called when the interpreter calls a function.
+The hook is called just after Lua enters the new function,
+before the function gets its arguments.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The return hook:</b> is called when the interpreter returns from a function.
+The hook is called just before Lua leaves the function.
+You have no access to the values to be returned by the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The line hook:</b> is called when the interpreter is about to
+start the execution of a new line of code,
+or when it jumps back in the code (even to the same line).
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The count hook:</b> is called after the interpreter executes every
+<code>count</code> instructions.
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+A hook is disabled by setting <code>mask</code> to zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a local variable of a given activation record.
+Parameters <code>ar</code> and <code>n</code> are as in <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>).
+<a href="#lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a> assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the variable and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a closure's upvalue.
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>).
+It assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the upvalue and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>4 - <a name="4">The Auxiliary Library</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+The <em>auxiliary library</em> provides several convenient functions
+to interface C with Lua.
+While the basic API provides the primitive functions for all
+interactions between C and Lua,
+the auxiliary library provides higher-level functions for some
+common tasks.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions from the auxiliary library
+are defined in header file <code>lauxlib.h</code> and
+have a prefix <code>luaL_</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in the auxiliary library are built on
+top of the basic API,
+and so they provide nothing that cannot be done with this API.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library are used to
+check C function arguments.
+Their names are always <code>luaL_check*</code> or <code>luaL_opt*</code>.
+All of these functions raise an error if the check is not satisfied.
+Because the error message is formatted for arguments
+(e.g., "<code>bad argument #1</code>"),
+you should not use these functions for other stack values.
+
+
+
+<h2>4.1 - <a name="4.1">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the auxiliary library
+in alphabetical order.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addchar"><code>luaL_addchar</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the character <code>c</code> to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addlstring"><code>luaL_addlstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with length <code>l</code> to
+the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string may contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds a string of length <code>n</code> previously copied to the
+buffer area (see <a href="#luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a>) to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addstring"><code>luaL_addstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string may not contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the value at the top of the stack
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+Pops the value.
+
+
+<p>
+This is the only function on string buffers that can (and must)
+be called with an extra element on the stack,
+which is the value to be added to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argcheck"><code>luaL_argcheck</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_argcheck (lua_State *L,
+ int cond,
+ int numarg,
+ const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>cond</code> is true.
+If not, raises an error with the following message,
+where <code>func</code> is retrieved from the call stack:
+
+<pre>
+ bad argument #<numarg> to <func> (<extramsg>)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argerror"><code>luaL_argerror</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int numarg, const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error with the following message,
+where <code>func</code> is retrieved from the call stack:
+
+<pre>
+ bad argument #<numarg> to <func> (<extramsg>)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_argerror(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for a <em>string buffer</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A string buffer allows C code to build Lua strings piecemeal.
+Its pattern of use is as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First you declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then you initialize it with a call <code>luaL_buffinit(L, &b)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>
+Then you add string pieces to the buffer calling any of
+the <code>luaL_add*</code> functions.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresult(&b)</code>.
+This call leaves the final string on the top of the stack.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+During its normal operation,
+a string buffer uses a variable number of stack slots.
+So, while using a buffer, you cannot assume that you know where
+the top of the stack is.
+You can use the stack between successive calls to buffer operations
+as long as that use is balanced;
+that is,
+when you call a buffer operation,
+the stack is at the same level
+it was immediately after the previous buffer operation.
+(The only exception to this rule is <a href="#luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a>.)
+After calling <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a> the stack is back to its
+level when the buffer was initialized,
+plus the final string on its top.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Initializes a buffer <code>B</code>.
+This function does not allocate any space;
+the buffer must be declared as a variable
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_callmeta"><code>luaL_callmeta</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a metamethod.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at index <code>obj</code> has a metatable and this
+metatable has a field <code>e</code>,
+this function calls this field and passes the object as its only argument.
+In this case this function returns 1 and pushes onto the
+stack the value returned by the call.
+If there is no metatable or no metamethod,
+this function returns 0 (without pushing any value on the stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkany"><code>luaL_checkany</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function has an argument
+of any type (including <b>nil</b>) at position <code>narg</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkint"><code>luaL_checkint</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_checkint (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkinteger"><code>luaL_checkinteger</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklong"><code>luaL_checklong</code></a></h3>
+<pre>long luaL_checklong (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklstring"><code>luaL_checklstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string
+and returns this string;
+if <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code> fills <code>*l</code>
+with the string's length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checknumber"><code>luaL_checknumber</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkoption"><code>luaL_checkoption</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string and
+searches for this string in the array <code>lst</code>
+(which must be NULL-terminated).
+Returns the index in the array where the string was found.
+Raises an error if the argument is not a string or
+if the string cannot be found.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>def</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function uses <code>def</code> as a default value when
+there is no argument <code>narg</code> or if this argument is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+This is a useful function for mapping strings to C enums.
+(The usual convention in Lua libraries is
+to use strings instead of numbers to select options.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstack"><code>luaL_checkstack</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Grows the stack size to <code>top + sz</code> elements,
+raising an error if the stack cannot grow to that size.
+<code>msg</code> is an additional text to go into the error message.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstring"><code>luaL_checkstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checkstring (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string
+and returns this string.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checktype"><code>luaL_checktype</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> has type <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a userdata
+of the type <code>tname</code> (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dofile"><code>luaL_dofile</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_dofile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given file.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns 0 if there are no errors
+or 1 in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dostring"><code>luaL_dostring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_dostring (lua_State *L, const char *str);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given string.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, str) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns 0 if there are no errors
+or 1 in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error.
+The error message format is given by <code>fmt</code>
+plus any extra arguments,
+following the same rules of <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>.
+It also adds at the beginning of the message the file name and
+the line number where the error occurred,
+if this information is available.
+
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_error(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetafield"><code>luaL_getmetafield</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the field <code>e</code> from the metatable
+of the object at index <code>obj</code>.
+If the object does not have a metatable,
+or if the metatable does not have this field,
+returns 0 and pushes nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetatable"><code>luaL_getmetatable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_gsub"><code>luaL_gsub</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L,
+ const char *s,
+ const char *p,
+ const char *r);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a copy of string <code>s</code> by replacing
+any occurrence of the string <code>p</code>
+with the string <code>r</code>.
+Pushes the resulting string on the stack and returns it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbuffer"><code>luaL_loadbuffer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L,
+ const char *buff,
+ size_t sz,
+ const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a buffer as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the
+buffer pointed to by <code>buff</code> with size <code>sz</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the chunk name,
+used for debug information and error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfile"><code>luaL_loadfile</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a file as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the file
+named <code>filename</code>.
+If <code>filename</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+then it loads from the standard input.
+The first line in the file is ignored if it starts with a <code>#</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>,
+but it has an extra error code <a name="pdf-LUA_ERRFILE"><code>LUA_ERRFILE</code></a>
+if it cannot open/read the file.
+
+
+<p>
+As <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadstring"><code>luaL_loadstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a string as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in
+the zero-terminated string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Also as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the registry already has the key <code>tname</code>,
+returns 0.
+Otherwise,
+creates a new table to be used as a metatable for userdata,
+adds it to the registry with key <code>tname</code>,
+and returns 1.
+
+
+<p>
+In both cases pushes onto the stack the final value associated
+with <code>tname</code> in the registry.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_State *luaL_newstate (void);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new Lua state, calling <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> with an
+allocation function based on the standard C <code>realloc</code> function
+and setting a panic function (see <a href="#lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a>) that prints
+an error message to the standard error output in case of fatal
+errors.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the new state,
+or <code>NULL</code> if there is a memory allocation error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opens all standard Lua libraries into the given state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optint"><code>luaL_optint</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_optint (lua_State *L, int narg, int d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optinteger"><code>luaL_optinteger</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Integer d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlong"><code>luaL_optlong</code></a></h3>
+<pre>long luaL_optlong (lua_State *L, int narg, long d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlstring"><code>luaL_optlstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *d,
+ size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+fills the position <code>*l</code> with the results's length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optnumber"><code>luaL_optnumber</code></a></h3>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optstring"><code>luaL_optstring</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optstring (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns an address to a space of size <a name="pdf-LUAL_BUFFERSIZE"><code>LUAL_BUFFERSIZE</code></a>
+where you can copy a string to be added to buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+After copying the string into this space you must call
+<a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a> with the size of the string to actually add
+it to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Finishes the use of buffer <code>B</code> leaving the final string on
+the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and returns a <em>reference</em>,
+in the table at index <code>t</code>,
+for the object at the top of the stack (and pops the object).
+
+
+<p>
+A reference is a unique integer key.
+As long as you do not manually add integer keys into table <code>t</code>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> ensures the uniqueness of the key it returns.
+You can retrieve an object referred by reference <code>r</code>
+by calling <code>lua_rawgeti(L, t, r)</code>.
+Function <a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> frees a reference and its associated object.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at the top of the stack is <b>nil</b>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> returns the constant <a name="pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>.
+The constant <a name="pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> is guaranteed to be different
+from any reference returned by <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Reg {+ const char *name;
+ lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for arrays of functions to be registered by
+<a href="#luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the function name and <code>func</code> is a pointer to
+the function.
+Any array of <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a> must end with an sentinel entry
+in which both <code>name</code> and <code>func</code> are <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_register (lua_State *L,
+ const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opens a library.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <code>libname</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>,
+it simply registers all functions in the list <code>l</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a>) into the table on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a non-null <code>libname</code>,
+creates a new table <code>t</code>,
+sets it as the value of the global variable <code>libname</code>,
+sets it as the value of <code>package.loaded[libname]</code>,
+and registers on it all functions in the list <code>l</code>.
+If there is a table in <code>package.loaded[libname]</code> or in
+variable <code>libname</code>,
+reuses this table instead of creating a new one.
+
+
+<p>
+In any case the function leaves the table
+on the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typename"><code>luaL_typename</code></a></h3>
+<pre>const char *luaL_typename (lua_State *L, int idx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type of the value at index <code>idx</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typerror"><code>luaL_typerror</code></a></h3>
+<pre>int luaL_typerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Generates an error with a message like
+
+<pre>
+ <location>: bad argument <narg> to <function> (<tname> expected, got <realt>)
+</pre><p>
+where <code><location></code> is produced by <a href="#luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a>,
+<code><function></code> is the name of the current function,
+and <code><realt></code> is the type name of the actual argument.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Releases reference <code>ref</code> from the table at index <code>t</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>).
+The entry is removed from the table,
+so that the referred object can be collected.
+The reference <code>ref</code> is also freed to be used again.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>ref</code> is <a href="#pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>,
+<a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> does nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a string identifying the current position
+of the control at level <code>lvl</code> in the call stack.
+Typically this string has the format <code><chunkname>:<currentline>:</code>.
+Level 0 is the running function,
+level 1 is the function that called the running function,
+etc.
+
+
+<p>
+This function is used to build a prefix for error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>5 - <a name="5">Standard Libraries</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+The standard Lua libraries provide useful functions
+that are implemented directly through the C API.
+Some of these functions provide essential services to the language
+(e.g., <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a>);
+others provide access to "outside" services (e.g., I/O);
+and others could be implemented in Lua itself,
+but are quite useful or have critical performance requirements that
+deserve an implementation in C (e.g., <code>sort</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+All libraries are implemented through the official C API
+and are provided as separate C modules.
+Currently, Lua has the following standard libraries:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>basic library;</li>
+
+<li>package library;</li>
+
+<li>string manipulation;</li>
+
+<li>table manipulation;</li>
+
+<li>mathematical functions (sin, log, etc.);</li>
+
+<li>input and output;</li>
+
+<li>operating system facilities;</li>
+
+<li>debug facilities.</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+Except for the basic and package libraries,
+each library provides all its functions as fields of a global table
+or as methods of its objects.
+
+
+<p>
+To have access to these libraries,
+the C host program must call
+<a href="#luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a>,
+which open all standard libraries.
+Alternatively,
+it can open them individually by calling
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_base"><code>luaopen_base</code></a> (for the basic library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_package"><code>luaopen_package</code></a> (for the package library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_string"><code>luaopen_string</code></a> (for the string library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_table"><code>luaopen_table</code></a> (for the table library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_math"><code>luaopen_math</code></a> (for the mathematical library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_io"><code>luaopen_io</code></a> (for the I/O and the Operating System libraries),
+and <a name="pdf-luaopen_debug"><code>luaopen_debug</code></a> (for the debug library).
+These functions are declared in <a name="pdf-lualib.h"><code>lualib.h</code></a>
+and should not be called directly:
+you must call them like any other Lua C function,
+e.g., by using <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+
+
+
+<h2>5.1 - <a name="5.1">Basic Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic library provides some core functions to Lua.
+If you do not include this library in your application,
+you should check carefully whether you need to provide
+implementations for some of its facilities.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-assert"><code>assert (v [, message])</code></a></h3>
+Issues an error when
+the value of its argument <code>v</code> is false (i.e., <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b>);
+otherwise, returns all its arguments.
+<code>message</code> is an error message;
+when absent, it defaults to "assertion failed!"
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage (opt [, arg])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is a generic interface to the garbage collector.
+It performs different functions according to its first argument, <code>opt</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"stop":</b>
+stops the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"restart":</b>
+restarts the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"collect":</b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"count":</b>
+returns the total memory in use by Lua (in Kbytes).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"step":</b>
+performs a garbage-collection step.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>arg</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>arg</code>.
+Returns <b>true</b> if the step finished a collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"setpause":</b>
+sets <code>arg</code>/100 as the new value for the <em>pause</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"setstepmul":</b>
+sets <code>arg</code>/100 as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-dofile"><code>dofile (filename)</code></a></h3>
+Opens the named file and executes its contents as a Lua chunk.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>dofile</code> executes the contents of the standard input (<code>stdin</code>).
+Returns all values returned by the chunk.
+In case of errors, <code>dofile</code> propagates the error
+to its caller (that is, <code>dofile</code> does not run in protected mode).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-error"><code>error (message [, level])</code></a></h3>
+Terminates the last protected function called
+and returns <code>message</code> as the error message.
+Function <code>error</code> never returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Usually, <code>error</code> adds some information about the error position
+at the beginning of the message.
+The <code>level</code> argument specifies how to get the error position.
+With level 1 (the default), the error position is where the
+<code>error</code> function was called.
+Level 2 points the error to where the function
+that called <code>error</code> was called; and so on.
+Passing a level 0 avoids the addition of error position information
+to the message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds the global environment (that is, <code>_G._G = _G</code>).
+Lua itself does not use this variable;
+changing its value does not affect any environment,
+nor vice-versa.
+(Use <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a> to change environments.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv (f)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the current environment in use by the function.
+<code>f</code> can be a Lua function or a number
+that specifies the function at that stack level:
+Level 1 is the function calling <code>getfenv</code>.
+If the given function is not a Lua function,
+or if <code>f</code> is 0,
+<code>getfenv</code> returns the global environment.
+The default for <code>f</code> is 1.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>object</code> does not have a metatable, returns <b>nil</b>.
+Otherwise,
+if the object's metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+returns the associated value.
+Otherwise, returns the metatable of the given object.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns three values: an iterator function, the table <code>t</code>, and 0,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for i,v in ipairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over the pairs (<code>1,t[1]</code>), (<code>2,t[2]</code>), ···,
+up to the first integer key absent from the table.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-load"><code>load (func [, chunkname])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads a chunk using function <code>func</code> to get its pieces.
+Each call to <code>func</code> must return a string that concatenates
+with previous results.
+A return of <b>nil</b> (or no value) signals the end of the chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If there are no errors,
+returns the compiled chunk as a function;
+otherwise, returns <b>nil</b> plus the error message.
+The environment of the returned function is the global environment.
+
+
+<p>
+<code>chunkname</code> is used as the chunk name for error messages
+and debug information.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+but gets the chunk from file <code>filename</code>
+or from the standard input,
+if no file name is given.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring (string [, chunkname])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+but gets the chunk from the given string.
+
+
+<p>
+To load and run a given string, use the idiom
+
+<pre>
+ assert(loadstring(s))()
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-next"><code>next (table [, index])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Allows a program to traverse all fields of a table.
+Its first argument is a table and its second argument
+is an index in this table.
+<code>next</code> returns the next index of the table
+and its associated value.
+When called with <b>nil</b> as its second argument,
+<code>next</code> returns an initial index
+and its associated value.
+When called with the last index,
+or with <b>nil</b> in an empty table,
+<code>next</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+If the second argument is absent, then it is interpreted as <b>nil</b>.
+In particular,
+you can use <code>next(t)</code> to check whether a table is empty.
+
+
+<p>
+The order in which the indices are enumerated is not specified,
+<em>even for numeric indices</em>.
+(To traverse a table in numeric order,
+use a numerical <b>for</b> or the <a href="#pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs</code></a> function.)
+
+
+<p>
+The behavior of <code>next</code> is <em>undefined</em> if,
+during the traversal,
+you assign any value to a non-existent field in the table.
+You may however modify existing fields.
+In particular, you may clear existing fields.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pairs"><code>pairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns three values: the <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> function, the table <code>t</code>, and <b>nil</b>,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for k,v in pairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all key–value pairs of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pcall"><code>pcall (f, arg1, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls function <code>f</code> with
+the given arguments in <em>protected mode</em>.
+This means that any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated;
+instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error
+and returns a status code.
+Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
+which is true if the call succeeds without errors.
+In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
+after this first result.
+In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-print"><code>print (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives any number of arguments,
+and prints their values to <code>stdout</code>,
+using the <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> function to convert them to strings.
+<code>print</code> is not intended for formatted output,
+but only as a quick way to show a value,
+typically for debugging.
+For formatted output, use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawequal"><code>rawequal (v1, v2)</code></a></h3>
+Checks whether <code>v1</code> is equal to <code>v2</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+Returns a boolean.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawget"><code>rawget (table, index)</code></a></h3>
+Gets the real value of <code>table[index]</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table;
+<code>index</code> may be any value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawset"><code>rawset (table, index, value)</code></a></h3>
+Sets the real value of <code>table[index]</code> to <code>value</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table,
+<code>index</code> any value different from <b>nil</b>,
+and <code>value</code> any Lua value.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-select"><code>select (index, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>index</code> is a number,
+returns all arguments after argument number <code>index</code>.
+Otherwise, <code>index</code> must be the string <code>"#"</code>,
+and <code>select</code> returns the total number of extra arguments it received.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv (f, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the environment to be used by the given function.
+<code>f</code> can be a Lua function or a number
+that specifies the function at that stack level:
+Level 1 is the function calling <code>setfenv</code>.
+<code>setfenv</code> returns the given function.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case, when <code>f</code> is 0 <code>setfenv</code> changes
+the environment of the running thread.
+In this case, <code>setfenv</code> returns no values.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable (table, metatable)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given table.
+(You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua, only from C.)
+If <code>metatable</code> is <b>nil</b>,
+removes the metatable of the given table.
+If the original metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber (e [, base])</code></a></h3>
+Tries to convert its argument to a number.
+If the argument is already a number or a string convertible
+to a number, then <code>tonumber</code> returns this number;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+An optional argument specifies the base to interpret the numeral.
+The base may be any integer between 2 and 36, inclusive.
+In bases above 10, the letter '<code>A</code>' (in either upper or lower case)
+represents 10, '<code>B</code>' represents 11, and so forth,
+with '<code>Z</code>' representing 35.
+In base 10 (the default), the number may have a decimal part,
+as well as an optional exponent part (see <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>).
+In other bases, only unsigned integers are accepted.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tostring"><code>tostring (e)</code></a></h3>
+Receives an argument of any type and
+converts it to a string in a reasonable format.
+For complete control of how numbers are converted,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the metatable of <code>e</code> has a <code>"__tostring"</code> field,
+then <code>tostring</code> calls the corresponding value
+with <code>e</code> as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-type"><code>type (v)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the type of its only argument, coded as a string.
+The possible results of this function are
+"<code>nil</code>" (a string, not the value <b>nil</b>),
+"<code>number</code>",
+"<code>string</code>",
+"<code>boolean</code>",
+"<code>table</code>",
+"<code>function</code>",
+"<code>thread</code>",
+and "<code>userdata</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-unpack"><code>unpack (list [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the elements from the given table.
+This function is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ return list[i], list[i+1], ···, list[j]
+</pre><p>
+except that the above code can be written only for a fixed number
+of elements.
+By default, <code>i</code> is 1 and <code>j</code> is the length of the list,
+as defined by the length operator (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds a string containing the current interpreter version.
+The current contents of this variable is "<code>Lua 5.1</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall (f, err)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is similar to <code>pcall</code>,
+except that you can set a new error handler.
+
+
+<p>
+<code>xpcall</code> calls function <code>f</code> in protected mode,
+using <code>err</code> as the error handler.
+Any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated;
+instead, <code>xpcall</code> catches the error,
+calls the <code>err</code> function with the original error object,
+and returns a status code.
+Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
+which is true if the call succeeds without errors.
+In this case, <code>xpcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
+after this first result.
+In case of any error,
+<code>xpcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the result from <code>err</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.2 - <a name="5.2">Coroutine Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The operations related to coroutines comprise a sub-library of
+the basic library and come inside the table <a name="pdf-coroutine"><code>coroutine</code></a>.
+See <a href="#2.11">§2.11</a> for a general description of coroutines.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns this new coroutine,
+an object with type <code>"thread"</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume (co [, val1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Starts or continues the execution of coroutine <code>co</code>.
+The first time you resume a coroutine,
+it starts running its body.
+The values <code>val1</code>, ··· are passed
+as the arguments to the body function.
+If the coroutine has yielded,
+<code>resume</code> restarts it;
+the values <code>val1</code>, ··· are passed
+as the results from the yield.
+
+
+<p>
+If the coroutine runs without any errors,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>true</b> plus any values passed to <code>yield</code>
+(if the coroutine yields) or any values returned by the body function
+(if the coroutine terminates).
+If there is any error,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.running"><code>coroutine.running ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the running coroutine,
+or <b>nil</b> when called by the main thread.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.status"><code>coroutine.status (co)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of coroutine <code>co</code>, as a string:
+<code>"running"</code>,
+if the coroutine is running (that is, it called <code>status</code>);
+<code>"suspended"</code>, if the coroutine is suspended in a call to <code>yield</code>,
+or if it has not started running yet;
+<code>"normal"</code> if the coroutine is active but not running
+(that is, it has resumed another coroutine);
+and <code>"dead"</code> if the coroutine has finished its body function,
+or if it has stopped with an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns a function that resumes the coroutine each time it is called.
+Any arguments passed to the function behave as the
+extra arguments to <code>resume</code>.
+Returns the same values returned by <code>resume</code>,
+except the first boolean.
+In case of error, propagates the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Suspends the execution of the calling coroutine.
+The coroutine cannot be running a C function,
+a metamethod, or an iterator.
+Any arguments to <code>yield</code> are passed as extra results to <code>resume</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.3 - <a name="5.3">Modules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The package library provides basic
+facilities for loading and building modules in Lua.
+It exports two of its functions directly in the global environment:
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-module"><code>module</code></a>.
+Everything else is exported in a table <a name="pdf-package"><code>package</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-module"><code>module (name [, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a module.
+If there is a table in <code>package.loaded[name]</code>,
+this table is the module.
+Otherwise, if there is a global table <code>t</code> with the given name,
+this table is the module.
+Otherwise creates a new table <code>t</code> and
+sets it as the value of the global <code>name</code> and
+the value of <code>package.loaded[name]</code>.
+This function also initializes <code>t._NAME</code> with the given name,
+<code>t._M</code> with the module (<code>t</code> itself),
+and <code>t._PACKAGE</code> with the package name
+(the full module name minus last component; see below).
+Finally, <code>module</code> sets <code>t</code> as the new environment
+of the current function and the new value of <code>package.loaded[name]</code>,
+so that <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> returns <code>t</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>name</code> is a compound name
+(that is, one with components separated by dots),
+<code>module</code> creates (or reuses, if they already exist)
+tables for each component.
+For instance, if <code>name</code> is <code>a.b.c</code>,
+then <code>module</code> stores the module table in field <code>c</code> of
+field <code>b</code> of global <code>a</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function may receive optional <em>options</em> after
+the module name,
+where each option is a function to be applied over the module.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-require"><code>require (modname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads the given module.
+The function starts by looking into the table <a href="#pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a>
+to determine whether <code>modname</code> is already loaded.
+If it is, then <code>require</code> returns the value stored
+at <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+Otherwise, it tries to find a <em>loader</em> for the module.
+
+
+<p>
+To find a loader,
+first <code>require</code> queries <code>package.preload[modname]</code>.
+If it has a value,
+this value (which should be a function) is the loader.
+Otherwise <code>require</code> searches for a Lua loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+If that also fails, it searches for a C loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+If that also fails,
+it tries an <em>all-in-one</em> loader (see below).
+
+
+<p>
+When loading a C library,
+<code>require</code> first uses a dynamic link facility to link the
+application with the library.
+Then it tries to find a C function inside this library to
+be used as the loader.
+The name of this C function is the string "<code>luaopen_</code>"
+concatenated with a copy of the module name where each dot
+is replaced by an underscore.
+Moreover, if the module name has a hyphen,
+its prefix up to (and including) the first hyphen is removed.
+For instance, if the module name is <code>a.v1-b.c</code>,
+the function name will be <code>luaopen_b_c</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>require</code> finds neither a Lua library nor a
+C library for a module,
+it calls the <em>all-in-one loader</em>.
+This loader searches the C path for a library for
+the root name of the given module.
+For instance, when requiring <code>a.b.c</code>,
+it will search for a C library for <code>a</code>.
+If found, it looks into it for an open function for
+the submodule;
+in our example, that would be <code>luaopen_a_b_c</code>.
+With this facility, a package can pack several C submodules
+into one single library,
+with each submodule keeping its original open function.
+
+
+<p>
+Once a loader is found,
+<code>require</code> calls the loader with a single argument, <code>modname</code>.
+If the loader returns any value,
+<code>require</code> assigns it to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+If the loader returns no value and
+has not assigned any value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+then <code>require</code> assigns <b>true</b> to this entry.
+In any case, <code>require</code> returns the
+final value of <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If there is any error loading or running the module,
+or if it cannot find any loader for the module,
+then <code>require</code> signals an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a C loader.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes the C path <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a> in the same way
+it initializes the Lua path <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>,
+using the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH"><code>LUA_CPATH</code></a>
+(plus another default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control which
+modules are already loaded.
+When you require a module <code>modname</code> and
+<code>package.loaded[modname]</code> is not false,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> simply returns the value stored there.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib (libname, funcname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Dynamically links the host program with the C library <code>libname</code>.
+Inside this library, looks for a function <code>funcname</code>
+and returns this function as a C function.
+(So, <code>funcname</code> must follow the protocol (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>)).
+
+
+<p>
+This is a low-level function.
+It completely bypasses the package and module system.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>,
+it does not perform any path searching and
+does not automatically adds extensions.
+<code>libname</code> must be the complete file name of the C library,
+including if necessary a path and extension.
+<code>funcname</code> must be the exact name exported by the C library
+(which may depend on the C compiler and linker used).
+
+
+<p>
+This function is not supported by ANSI C.
+As such, it is only available on some platforms
+(Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD,
+plus other Unix systems that support the <code>dlfcn</code> standard).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a Lua loader.
+
+
+<p>
+At start-up, Lua initializes this variable with
+the value of the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH"><code>LUA_PATH</code></a> or
+with a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>,
+if the environment variable is not defined.
+Any "<code>;;</code>" in the value of the environment variable
+is replaced by the default path.
+
+
+<p>
+A path is a sequence of <em>templates</em> separated by semicolons.
+For each template, <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> will change each interrogation
+mark in the template by <code>filename</code>,
+which is <code>modname</code> with each dot replaced by a
+"directory separator" (such as "<code>/</code>" in Unix);
+then it will try to load the resulting file name.
+So, for instance, if the Lua path is
+
+<pre>
+ "./?.lua;./?.lc;/usr/local/?/init.lua"
+</pre><p>
+the search for a Lua loader for module <code>foo</code>
+will try to load the files
+<code>./foo.lua</code>, <code>./foo.lc</code>, and
+<code>/usr/local/foo/init.lua</code>, in that order.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table to store loaders for specific modules
+(see <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.seeall"><code>package.seeall (module)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets a metatable for <code>module</code> with
+its <code>__index</code> field referring to the global environment,
+so that this module inherits values
+from the global environment.
+To be used as an option to function <a href="#pdf-module"><code>module</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.4 - <a name="5.4">String Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for string manipulation,
+such as finding and extracting substrings, and pattern matching.
+When indexing a string in Lua, the first character is at position 1
+(not at 0, as in C).
+Indices are allowed to be negative and are interpreted as indexing backwards,
+from the end of the string.
+Thus, the last character is at position -1, and so on.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library provides all its functions inside the table
+<a name="pdf-string"><code>string</code></a>.
+It also sets a metatable for strings
+where the <code>__index</code> field points to the <code>string</code> table.
+Therefore, you can use the string functions in object-oriented style.
+For instance, <code>string.byte(s, i)</code>
+can be written as <code>s:byte(i)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.byte"><code>string.byte (s [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the internal numerical codes of the characters <code>s[i]</code>,
+<code>s[i+1]</code>, ···, <code>s[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>i</code> is 1;
+the default value for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.char"><code>string.char (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives zero or more integers.
+Returns a string with length equal to the number of arguments,
+in which each character has the internal numerical code equal
+to its corresponding argument.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump (function)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string containing a binary representation of the given function,
+so that a later <a href="#pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring</code></a> on this string returns
+a copy of the function.
+<code>function</code> must be a Lua function without upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.find"><code>string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])</code></a></h3>
+Looks for the first match of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds a match, then <code>find</code> returns the indices of <code>s</code>
+where this occurrence starts and ends;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and may be negative.
+A value of <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code>
+turns off the pattern matching facilities,
+so the function does a plain "find substring" operation,
+with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered "magic".
+Note that if <code>plain</code> is given, then <code>init</code> must be given as well.
+
+
+<p>
+If the pattern has captures,
+then in a successful match
+the captured values are also returned,
+after the two indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.format"><code>string.format (formatstring, ···)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a formatted version of its variable number of arguments
+following the description given in its first argument (which must be a string).
+The format string follows the same rules as the <code>printf</code> family of
+standard C functions.
+The only differences are that the options/modifiers
+<code>*</code>, <code>l</code>, <code>L</code>, <code>n</code>, <code>p</code>,
+and <code>h</code> are not supported
+and that there is an extra option, <code>q</code>.
+The <code>q</code> option formats a string in a form suitable to be safely read
+back by the Lua interpreter:
+the string is written between double quotes,
+and all double quotes, newlines, embedded zeros,
+and backslashes in the string
+are correctly escaped when written.
+For instance, the call
+
+<pre>
+ string.format('%q', 'a string with "quotes" and \n new line')+</pre><p>
+will produce the string:
+
+<pre>
+ "a string with \"quotes\" and \
+ new line"
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The options <code>c</code>, <code>d</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>f</code>,
+<code>g</code>, <code>G</code>, <code>i</code>, <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code> all
+expect a number as argument,
+whereas <code>q</code> and <code>s</code> expect a string.
+
+
+<p>
+This function does not accept string values
+containing embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch (s, pattern)</code></a></h3>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns the next captures from <code>pattern</code> over string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is produced in each call.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following loop
+
+<pre>
+ s = "hello world from Lua"
+ for w in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do
+ print(w)
+ end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all the words from string <code>s</code>,
+printing one per line.
+The next example collects all pairs <code>key=value</code> from the
+given string into a table:
+
+<pre>
+ t = {}+ s = "from=world, to=Lua"
+ for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do
+ t[k] = v
+ end
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])</code></a></h3>
+Returns a copy of <code>s</code>
+in which all occurrences of the <code>pattern</code> have been
+replaced by a replacement string specified by <code>repl</code>,
+which may be a string, a table, or a function.
+<code>gsub</code> also returns, as its second value,
+the total number of substitutions made.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a string, then its value is used for replacement.
+The character <code>%</code> works as an escape character:
+any sequence in <code>repl</code> of the form <code>%<em>n</em></code>,
+with <em>n</em> between 1 and 9,
+stands for the value of the <em>n</em>-th captured substring (see below).
+The sequence <code>%0</code> stands for the whole match.
+The sequence <code>%%</code> stands for a single <code>%</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a table, then the table is queried for every match,
+using the first capture as the key;
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is used as the key.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a function, then this function is called every time a
+match occurs, with all captured substrings passed as arguments,
+in order;
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is passed as a sole argument.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value returned by the table query or by the function call
+is a string or a number,
+then it is used as the replacement string;
+otherwise, if it is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>,
+then there is no replacement
+(that is, the original match is kept in the string).
+
+
+<p>
+The optional last parameter <code>n</code> limits
+the maximum number of substitutions to occur.
+For instance, when <code>n</code> is 1 only the first occurrence of
+<code>pattern</code> is replaced.
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "(%w+)", "%1 %1")+ --> x="hello hello world world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "%w+", "%0 %0", 1)+ --> x="hello hello world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world from Lua", "(%w+)%s*(%w+)", "%2 %1")+ --> x="world hello Lua from"
+
+ x = string.gsub("home = $HOME, user = $USER", "%$(%w+)", os.getenv)+ --> x="home = /home/roberto, user = roberto"
+
+ x = string.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", "%$(.-)%$", function (s)+ return loadstring(s)()
+ end)
+ --> x="4+5 = 9"
+
+ local t = {name="lua", version="5.1"}+ x = string.gsub("$name%-$version.tar.gz", "%$(%w+)", t)+ --> x="lua-5.1.tar.gz"
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.len"><code>string.len (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns its length.
+The empty string <code>""</code> has length 0.
+Embedded zeros are counted,
+so <code>"a\000bc\000"</code> has length 5.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.lower"><code>string.lower (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+uppercase letters changed to lowercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what an uppercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.match"><code>string.match (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h3>
+Looks for the first <em>match</em> of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds one, then <code>match</code> returns
+the captures from the pattern;
+otherwise it returns <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is returned.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and may be negative.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.rep"><code>string.rep (s, n)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the concatenation of <code>n</code> copies of
+the string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.reverse"><code>string.reverse (s)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the string <code>s</code> reversed.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub (s, i [, j])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the substring of <code>s</code> that
+starts at <code>i</code> and continues until <code>j</code>;
+<code>i</code> and <code>j</code> may be negative.
+If <code>j</code> is absent, then it is assumed to be equal to -1
+(which is the same as the string length).
+In particular,
+the call <code>string.sub(s,1,j)</code> returns a prefix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>j</code>,
+and <code>string.sub(s, -i)</code> returns a suffix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>i</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.upper"><code>string.upper (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+lowercase letters changed to uppercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what a lowercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+<h3>5.4.1 - <a name="5.4.1">Patterns</a></h3>
+
+
+<h4>Character Class:</h4><p>
+A <em>character class</em> is used to represent a set of characters.
+The following combinations are allowed in describing a character class:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><em>x</em>:</b>
+(where <em>x</em> is not one of the <em>magic characters</em>
+<code>^$()%.[]*+-?</code>)
+represents the character <em>x</em> itself.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>.</code>:</b> (a dot) represents all characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%a</code>:</b> represents all letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%c</code>:</b> represents all control characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%d</code>:</b> represents all digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%l</code>:</b> represents all lowercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%p</code>:</b> represents all punctuation characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%s</code>:</b> represents all space characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%u</code>:</b> represents all uppercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%w</code>:</b> represents all alphanumeric characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%x</code>:</b> represents all hexadecimal digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%z</code>:</b> represents the character with representation 0.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%<em>x</em></code>:</b> (where <em>x</em> is any non-alphanumeric character)
+represents the character <em>x</em>.
+This is the standard way to escape the magic characters.
+Any punctuation character (even the non magic)
+can be preceded by a '<code>%</code>'
+when used to represent itself in a pattern.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[<em>set</em>]</code>:</b>
+represents the class which is the union of all
+characters in <em>set</em>.
+A range of characters may be specified by
+separating the end characters of the range with a '<code>-</code>'.
+All classes <code>%</code><em>x</em> described above may also be used as
+components in <em>set</em>.
+All other characters in <em>set</em> represent themselves.
+For example, <code>[%w_]</code> (or <code>[_%w]</code>)
+represents all alphanumeric characters plus the underscore,
+<code>[0-7]</code> represents the octal digits,
+and <code>[0-7%l%-]</code> represents the octal digits plus
+the lowercase letters plus the '<code>-</code>' character.
+
+
+<p>
+The interaction between ranges and classes is not defined.
+Therefore, patterns like <code>[%a-z]</code> or <code>[a-%%]</code>
+have no meaning.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[^<em>set</em>]</code>:</b>
+represents the complement of <em>set</em>,
+where <em>set</em> is interpreted as above.
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For all classes represented by single letters (<code>%a</code>, <code>%c</code>, etc.),
+the corresponding uppercase letter represents the complement of the class.
+For instance, <code>%S</code> represents all non-space characters.
+
+
+<p>
+The definitions of letter, space, and other character groups
+depend on the current locale.
+In particular, the class <code>[a-z]</code> may not be equivalent to <code>%l</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern Item:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern item</em> may be
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+a single character class,
+which matches any single character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>*</code>',
+which matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>+</code>',
+which matches 1 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>-</code>',
+which also matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+Unlike '<code>*</code>',
+these repetition items will always match the <em>shortest</em> possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>?</code>',
+which matches 0 or 1 occurrence of a character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%<em>n</em></code>, for <em>n</em> between 1 and 9;
+such item matches a substring equal to the <em>n</em>-th captured string
+(see below);
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%b<em>xy</em></code>, where <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are two distinct characters;
+such item matches strings that start with <em>x</em>, end with <em>y</em>,
+and where the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are <em>balanced</em>.
+This means that, if one reads the string from left to right,
+counting <em>+1</em> for an <em>x</em> and <em>-1</em> for a <em>y</em>,
+the ending <em>y</em> is the first <em>y</em> where the count reaches 0.
+For instance, the item <code>%b()</code> matches expressions with
+balanced parentheses.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern</em> is a sequence of pattern items.
+A '<code>^</code>' at the beginning of a pattern anchors the match at the
+beginning of the subject string.
+A '<code>$</code>' at the end of a pattern anchors the match at the
+end of the subject string.
+At other positions,
+'<code>^</code>' and '<code>$</code>' have no special meaning and represent themselves.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Captures:</h4><p>
+A pattern may contain sub-patterns enclosed in parentheses;
+they describe <em>captures</em>.
+When a match succeeds, the substrings of the subject string
+that match captures are stored (<em>captured</em>) for future use.
+Captures are numbered according to their left parentheses.
+For instance, in the pattern <code>"(a*(.)%w(%s*))"</code>,
+the part of the string matching <code>"a*(.)%w(%s*)"</code> is
+stored as the first capture (and therefore has number 1);
+the character matching "<code>.</code>" is captured with number 2,
+and the part matching "<code>%s*</code>" has number 3.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case, the empty capture <code>()</code> captures
+the current string position (a number).
+For instance, if we apply the pattern <code>"()aa()"</code> on the
+string <code>"flaaap"</code>, there will be two captures: 3 and 5.
+
+
+<p>
+A pattern cannot contain embedded zeros. Use <code>%z</code> instead.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.5 - <a name="5.5">Table Manipulation</a></h2><p>
+This library provides generic functions for table manipulation.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-table"><code>table</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Most functions in the table library assume that the table
+represents an array or a list.
+For these functions, when we talk about the "length" of a table
+we mean the result of the length operator.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.concat"><code>table.concat (table [, sep [, i [, j]]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns <code>table[i]..sep..table[i+1] ··· sep..table[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string,
+the default for <code>i</code> is 1,
+and the default for <code>j</code> is the length of the table.
+If <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.insert"><code>table.insert (table, [pos,] value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Inserts element <code>value</code> at position <code>pos</code> in <code>table</code>,
+shifting up other elements to open space, if necessary.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>n+1</code>,
+where <code>n</code> is the length of the table (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>),
+so that a call <code>table.insert(t,x)</code> inserts <code>x</code> at the end
+of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.maxn"><code>table.maxn (table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the largest positive numerical index of the given table,
+or zero if the table has no positive numerical indices.
+(To do its job this function does a linear traversal of
+the whole table.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.remove"><code>table.remove (table [, pos])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Removes from <code>table</code> the element at position <code>pos</code>,
+shifting down other elements to close the space, if necessary.
+Returns the value of the removed element.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>n</code>,
+where <code>n</code> is the length of the table,
+so that a call <code>table.remove(t)</code> removes the last element
+of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort (table [, comp])</code></a></h3>
+Sorts table elements in a given order, <em>in-place</em>,
+from <code>table[1]</code> to <code>table[n]</code>,
+where <code>n</code> is the length of the table.
+If <code>comp</code> is given,
+then it must be a function that receives two table elements,
+and returns true
+when the first is less than the second
+(so that <code>not comp(a[i+1],a[i])</code> will be true after the sort).
+If <code>comp</code> is not given,
+then the standard Lua operator <code><</code> is used instead.
+
+
+<p>
+The sort algorithm is not stable;
+that is, elements considered equal by the given order
+may have their relative positions changed by the sort.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.6 - <a name="5.6">Mathematical Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is an interface to the standard C math library.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-math"><code>math</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.abs"><code>math.abs (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the absolute value of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.acos"><code>math.acos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc cosine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.asin"><code>math.asin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc sine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan"><code>math.atan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan2"><code>math.atan2 (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>x/y</code> (in radians),
+but uses the signs of both parameters to find the
+quadrant of the result.
+(It also handles correctly the case of <code>y</code> being zero.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ceil"><code>math.ceil (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cos"><code>math.cos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the cosine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cosh"><code>math.cosh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic cosine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.deg"><code>math.deg (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in radians) in degrees.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.exp"><code>math.exp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the the value <em>e<sup>x</sup></em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.floor"><code>math.floor (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the remainder of the division of <code>x</code> by <code>y</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.frexp"><code>math.frexp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>m</code> and <code>e</code> such that <em>x = m2<sup>e</sup></em>,
+<code>e</code> is an integer and the absolute value of <code>m</code> is
+in the range <em>[0.5, 1)</em>
+(or zero when <code>x</code> is zero).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.huge"><code>math.huge</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value <code>HUGE_VAL</code>,
+a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ldexp"><code>math.ldexp (m, e)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>m2<sup>e</sup></em> (<code>e</code> should be an integer).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log"><code>math.log (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the natural logarithm of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log10"><code>math.log10 (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the base-10 logarithm of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.max"><code>math.max (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the maximum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.min"><code>math.min (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the minimum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.modf"><code>math.modf (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns two numbers,
+the integral part of <code>x</code> and the fractional part of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pi"><code>math.pi</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value PI.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pow"><code>math.pow (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>x<sup>y</sup></em>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^y</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.rad"><code>math.rad (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in degrees) in radians.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.random"><code>math.random ([m [, n]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is an interface to the simple
+pseudo-random generator function <code>rand</code> provided by ANSI C.
+(No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.)
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+returns a pseudo-random real number
+in the range <em>[0,1)</em>.
+When called with a number <code>m</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns
+a pseudo-random integer in the range <em>[1, m]</em>.
+When called with two numbers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns a pseudo-random
+integer in the range <em>[m, n]</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets <code>x</code> as the "seed"
+for the pseudo-random generator:
+equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sin"><code>math.sin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the sine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sinh"><code>math.sinh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic sine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sqrt"><code>math.sqrt (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the square root of <code>x</code>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^0.5</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tan"><code>math.tan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the tangent of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tanh"><code>math.tanh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic tangent of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.7 - <a name="5.7">Input and Output Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The I/O library provides two different styles for file manipulation.
+The first one uses implicit file descriptors;
+that is, there are operations to set a default input file and a
+default output file,
+and all input/output operations are over these default files.
+The second style uses explicit file descriptors.
+
+
+<p>
+When using implicit file descriptors,
+all operations are supplied by table <a name="pdf-io"><code>io</code></a>.
+When using explicit file descriptors,
+the operation <a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a> returns a file descriptor
+and then all operations are supplied as methods of the file descriptor.
+
+
+<p>
+The table <code>io</code> also provides
+three predefined file descriptors with their usual meanings from C:
+<a name="pdf-io.stdin"><code>io.stdin</code></a>, <a name="pdf-io.stdout"><code>io.stdout</code></a>, and <a name="pdf-io.stderr"><code>io.stderr</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise stated,
+all I/O functions return <b>nil</b> on failure
+(plus an error message as a second result)
+and some value different from <b>nil</b> on success.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.close"><code>io.close ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>file:close()</code>.
+Without a <code>file</code>, closes the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>file:flush</code> over the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.input"><code>io.input ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a file name, it opens the named file (in text mode),
+and sets its handle as the default input file.
+When called with a file handle,
+it simply sets this file handle as the default input file.
+When called without parameters,
+it returns the current default input file.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Opens the given file name in read mode
+and returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns a new line from the file.
+Therefore, the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for line in io.lines(filename) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all lines of the file.
+When the iterator function detects the end of file,
+it returns <b>nil</b> (to finish the loop) and automatically closes the file.
+
+
+<p>
+The call <code>io.lines()</code> (without a file name) is equivalent
+to <code>io.input():lines()</code>;
+that is, it iterates over the lines of the default input file.
+In this case it does not close the file when the loop ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.open"><code>io.open (filename [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function opens a file,
+in the mode specified in the string <code>mode</code>.
+It returns a new file handle,
+or, in case of errors, <b>nil</b> plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can be any of the following:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"r":</b> read mode (the default);</li>
+<li><b>"w":</b> write mode;</li>
+<li><b>"a":</b> append mode;</li>
+<li><b>"r+":</b> update mode, all previous data is preserved;</li>
+<li><b>"w+":</b> update mode, all previous data is erased;</li>
+<li><b>"a+":</b> append update mode, previous data is preserved,
+ writing is only allowed at the end of file.</li>
+</ul><p>
+The <code>mode</code> string may also have a '<code>b</code>' at the end,
+which is needed in some systems to open the file in binary mode.
+This string is exactly what is used in the
+standard C function <code>fopen</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.output"><code>io.output ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-io.input"><code>io.input</code></a>, but operates over the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen ([prog [, mode]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Starts program <code>prog</code> in a separated process and returns
+a file handle that you can use to read data from this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"r"</code>, the default)
+or to write data to this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"w"</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+This function is system dependent and is not available
+on all platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.read"><code>io.read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.input():read</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a handle for a temporary file.
+This file is opened in update mode
+and it is automatically removed when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.type"><code>io.type (obj)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>obj</code> is a valid file handle.
+Returns the string <code>"file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is an open file handle,
+<code>"closed file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is a closed file handle,
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>obj</code> is not a file handle.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.write"><code>io.write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():write</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:close"><code>file:close ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Closes <code>file</code>.
+Note that files are automatically closed when
+their handles are garbage collected,
+but that takes an unpredictable amount of time to happen.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:flush"><code>file:flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Saves any written data to <code>file</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:lines"><code>file:lines ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns a new line from the file.
+Therefore, the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for line in file:lines() do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all lines of the file.
+(Unlike <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a>, this function does not close the file
+when the loop ends.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:read"><code>file:read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Reads the file <code>file</code>,
+according to the given formats, which specify what to read.
+For each format,
+the function returns a string (or a number) with the characters read,
+or <b>nil</b> if it cannot read data with the specified format.
+When called without formats,
+it uses a default format that reads the entire next line
+(see below).
+
+
+<p>
+The available formats are
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"*n":</b>
+reads a number;
+this is the only format that returns a number instead of a string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"*a":</b>
+reads the whole file, starting at the current position.
+On end of file, it returns the empty string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"*l":</b>
+reads the next line (skipping the end of line),
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+This is the default format.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><em>number</em>:</b>
+reads a string with up to this number of characters,
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+If number is zero,
+it reads nothing and returns an empty string,
+or <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek ([whence] [, offset])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets and gets the file position,
+measured from the beginning of the file,
+to the position given by <code>offset</code> plus a base
+specified by the string <code>whence</code>, as follows:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"set":</b> base is position 0 (beginning of the file);</li>
+<li><b>"cur":</b> base is current position;</li>
+<li><b>"end":</b> base is end of file;</li>
+</ul><p>
+In case of success, function <code>seek</code> returns the final file position,
+measured in bytes from the beginning of the file.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>whence</code> is <code>"cur"</code>,
+and for <code>offset</code> is 0.
+Therefore, the call <code>file:seek()</code> returns the current
+file position, without changing it;
+the call <code>file:seek("set")</code> sets the position to the+beginning of the file (and returns 0);
+and the call <code>file:seek("end")</code> sets the position to the+end of the file, and returns its size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:setvbuf"><code>file:setvbuf (mode [, size])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the buffering mode for an output file.
+There are three available modes:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"no":</b>
+no buffering; the result of any output operation appears immediately.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"full":</b>
+full buffering; output operation is performed only
+when the buffer is full (or when you explicitly <code>flush</code> the file
+(see <a href="#pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush</code></a>)).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"line":</b>
+line buffering; output is buffered until a newline is output
+or there is any input from some special files
+(such as a terminal device).
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For the last two cases, <code>sizes</code>
+specifies the size of the buffer, in bytes.
+The default is an appropriate size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:write"><code>file:write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Writes the value of each of its arguments to
+the <code>file</code>.
+The arguments must be strings or numbers.
+To write other values,
+use <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a> before <code>write</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.8 - <a name="5.8">Operating System Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is implemented through table <a name="pdf-os"><code>os</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.clock"><code>os.clock ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an approximation of the amount in seconds of CPU time
+used by the program.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.date"><code>os.date ([format [, time]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string or a table containing date and time,
+formatted according to the given string <code>format</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the <code>time</code> argument is present,
+this is the time to be formatted
+(see the <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a> function for a description of this value).
+Otherwise, <code>date</code> formats the current time.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> starts with '<code>!</code>',
+then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time.
+After this optional character,
+if <code>format</code> is <code>*t</code>,
+then <code>date</code> returns a table with the following fields:
+<code>year</code> (four digits), <code>month</code> (1--12), <code>day</code> (1--31),
+<code>hour</code> (0--23), <code>min</code> (0--59), <code>sec</code> (0--61),
+<code>wday</code> (weekday, Sunday is 1),
+<code>yday</code> (day of the year),
+and <code>isdst</code> (daylight saving flag, a boolean).
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> is not <code>*t</code>,
+then <code>date</code> returns the date as a string,
+formatted according to the same rules as the C function <code>strftime</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<code>date</code> returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on
+the host system and on the current locale
+(that is, <code>os.date()</code> is equivalent to <code>os.date("%c")</code>).+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime (t2, t1)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number of seconds from time <code>t1</code> to time <code>t2</code>.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this value is exactly <code>t2</code><em>-</em><code>t1</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute ([command])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to the C function <code>system</code>.
+It passes <code>command</code> to be executed by an operating system shell.
+It returns a status code, which is system-dependent.
+If <code>command</code> is absent, then it returns nonzero if a shell is available
+and zero otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit ([code])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls the C function <code>exit</code>,
+with an optional <code>code</code>,
+to terminate the host program.
+The default value for <code>code</code> is the success code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.getenv"><code>os.getenv (varname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value of the process environment variable <code>varname</code>,
+or <b>nil</b> if the variable is not defined.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.remove"><code>os.remove (filename)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Deletes the file or directory with the given name.
+Directories must be empty to be removed.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename (oldname, newname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Renames file or directory named <code>oldname</code> to <code>newname</code>.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.setlocale"><code>os.setlocale (locale [, category])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the current locale of the program.
+<code>locale</code> is a string specifying a locale;
+<code>category</code> is an optional string describing which category to change:
+<code>"all"</code>, <code>"collate"</code>, <code>"ctype"</code>,
+<code>"monetary"</code>, <code>"numeric"</code>, or <code>"time"</code>;
+the default category is <code>"all"</code>.
+The function returns the name of the new locale,
+or <b>nil</b> if the request cannot be honored.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <b>nil</b> as the first argument,
+this function only returns the name of the current locale
+for the given category.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.time"><code>os.time ([table])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current time when called without arguments,
+or a time representing the date and time specified by the given table.
+This table must have fields <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and <code>day</code>,
+and may have fields <code>hour</code>, <code>min</code>, <code>sec</code>, and <code>isdst</code>
+(for a description of these fields, see the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function).
+
+
+<p>
+The returned value is a number, whose meaning depends on your system.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems, this number counts the number
+of seconds since some given start time (the "epoch").
+In other systems, the meaning is not specified,
+and the number returned by <code>time</code> can be used only as an argument to
+<code>date</code> and <code>difftime</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.tmpname"><code>os.tmpname ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string with a file name that can
+be used for a temporary file.
+The file must be explicitly opened before its use
+and explicitly removed when no longer needed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.9 - <a name="5.9">The Debug Library</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides
+the functionality of the debug interface to Lua programs.
+You should exert care when using this library.
+The functions provided here should be used exclusively for debugging
+and similar tasks, such as profiling.
+Please resist the temptation to use them as a
+usual programming tool:
+they can be very slow.
+Moreover, several of its functions
+violate some assumptions about Lua code
+(e.g., that variables local to a function
+cannot be accessed from outside or
+that userdata metatables cannot be changed by Lua code)
+and therefore can compromise otherwise secure code.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in this library are provided
+inside the <a name="pdf-debug"><code>debug</code></a> table.
+All functions that operate over a thread
+have an optional first argument which is the
+thread to operate over.
+The default is always the current thread.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.debug"><code>debug.debug ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Enters an interactive mode with the user,
+running each string that the user enters.
+Using simple commands and other debug facilities,
+the user can inspect global and local variables,
+change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on.
+A line containing only the word <code>cont</code> finishes this function,
+so that the caller continues its execution.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that commands for <code>debug.debug</code> are not lexically nested
+within any function, and so have no direct access to local variables.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getfenv"><code>debug.getfenv (o)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the environment of object <code>o</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.gethook"><code>debug.gethook ([thread])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values:
+the current hook function, the current hook mask,
+and the current hook count
+(as set by the <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> function).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo ([thread,] function [, what])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a table with information about a function.
+You can give the function directly,
+or you can give a number as the value of <code>function</code>,
+which means the function running at level <code>function</code> of the call stack
+of the given thread:
+level 0 is the current function (<code>getinfo</code> itself);
+level 1 is the function that called <code>getinfo</code>;
+and so on.
+If <code>function</code> is a number larger than the number of active functions,
+then <code>getinfo</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned table may contain all the fields returned by <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>,
+with the string <code>what</code> describing which fields to fill in.
+The default for <code>what</code> is to get all information available,
+except the table of valid lines.
+If present,
+the option '<code>f</code>'
+adds a field named <code>func</code> with the function itself.
+If present,
+the option '<code>L</code>'
+adds a field named <code>activelines</code> with the table of
+valid lines.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, the expression <code>debug.getinfo(1,"n").name</code> returns
+a name of the current function, if a reasonable name can be found,
+and <code>debug.getinfo(print)</code> returns a table with all available information
+about the <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> function.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal ([thread,] level, local)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack.
+(The first parameter or local variable has index 1, and so on,
+until the last active local variable.)
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local
+variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range.
+(You can call <a href="#pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo</code></a> to check whether the level is valid.)
+
+
+<p>
+Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parentheses)
+represent internal variables
+(loop control variables, temporaries, and C function locals).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getmetatable"><code>debug.getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the metatable of the given <code>object</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if it does not have a metatable.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getregistry"><code>debug.getregistry ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the registry table (see <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue (func, up)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>func</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue with the given index.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setfenv"><code>debug.setfenv (object, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the environment of the given <code>object</code> to the given <code>table</code>.
+Returns <code>object</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given function as a hook.
+The string <code>mask</code> and the number <code>count</code> describe
+when the hook will be called.
+The string mask may have the following characters,
+with the given meaning:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>"c"</code>:</b> The hook is called every time Lua calls a function;</li>
+<li><b><code>"r"</code>:</b> The hook is called every time Lua returns from a function;</li>
+<li><b><code>"l"</code>:</b> The hook is called every time Lua enters a new line of code.</li>
+</ul><p>
+With a <code>count</code> different from zero,
+the hook is called after every <code>count</code> instructions.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> turns off the hook.
+
+
+<p>
+When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string
+describing the event that has triggered its call:
+<code>"call"</code>, <code>"return"</code> (or <code>"tail return"</code>),
+<code>"line"</code>, and <code>"count"</code>.
+For line events,
+the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter.
+Inside a hook,
+you can call <code>getinfo</code> with level 2 to get more information about
+the running function
+(level 0 is the <code>getinfo</code> function,
+and level 1 is the hook function),
+unless the event is <code>"tail return"</code>.
+In this case, Lua is only simulating the return,
+and a call to <code>getinfo</code> will return invalid data.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setlocal"><code>debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local
+variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range.
+(You can call <code>getinfo</code> to check whether the level is valid.)
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setmetatable"><code>debug.setmetatable (object, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given <code>object</code> to the given <code>table</code>
+(which can be <b>nil</b>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setupvalue"><code>debug.setupvalue (func, up, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>func</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue
+with the given index.
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.traceback"><code>debug.traceback ([thread,] [message])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string with a traceback of the call stack.
+An optional <code>message</code> string is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+This function is typically used with <a href="#pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall</code></a> to produce
+better error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>6 - <a name="6">Lua Stand-alone</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Although Lua has been designed as an extension language,
+to be embedded in a host C program,
+it is also frequently used as a stand-alone language.
+An interpreter for Lua as a stand-alone language,
+called simply <code>lua</code>,
+is provided with the standard distribution.
+The stand-alone interpreter includes
+all standard libraries, including the debug library.
+Its usage is:
+
+<pre>
+ lua [options] [script [args]]
+</pre><p>
+The options are:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>-e <em>stat</em></code>:</b> executes string <em>stat</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-l <em>mod</em></code>:</b> "requires" <em>mod</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-i</code>:</b> enters interactive mode after running <em>script</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-v</code>:</b> prints version information;</li>
+<li><b><code>--</code>:</b> stops handling options;</li>
+<li><b><code>-</code>:</b> executes <code>stdin</code> as a file and stops handling options.</li>
+</ul><p>
+After handling its options, <code>lua</code> runs the given <em>script</em>,
+passing to it the given <em>args</em> as string arguments.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>lua</code> behaves as <code>lua -v -i</code>
+when the standard input (<code>stdin</code>) is a terminal,
+and as <code>lua -</code> otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+Before running any argument,
+the interpreter checks for an environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT"><code>LUA_INIT</code></a>.
+If its format is <code>@<em>filename</em></code>,
+then <code>lua</code> executes the file.
+Otherwise, <code>lua</code> executes the string itself.
+
+
+<p>
+All options are handled in order, except <code>-i</code>.
+For instance, an invocation like
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -e'a=1' -e 'print(a)' script.lua
+</pre><p>
+will first set <code>a</code> to 1, then print the value of <code>a</code> (which is '<code>1</code>'),
+and finally run the file <code>script.lua</code> with no arguments.
+(Here <code>$</code> is the shell prompt. Your prompt may be different.)
+
+
+<p>
+Before starting to run the script,
+<code>lua</code> collects all arguments in the command line
+in a global table called <code>arg</code>.
+The script name is stored at index 0,
+the first argument after the script name goes to index 1,
+and so on.
+Any arguments before the script name
+(that is, the interpreter name plus the options)
+go to negative indices.
+For instance, in the call
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -la b.lua t1 t2
+</pre><p>
+the interpreter first runs the file <code>a.lua</code>,
+then creates a table
+
+<pre>
+ arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la",+ [0] = "b.lua",
+ [1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" }
+</pre><p>
+and finally runs the file <code>b.lua</code>.
+The script is called with <code>arg[1]</code>, <code>arg[2]</code>, ···
+as arguments;
+it can also access these arguments with the vararg expression '<code>...</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+In interactive mode,
+if you write an incomplete statement,
+the interpreter waits for its completion
+by issuing a different prompt.
+
+
+<p>
+If the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT"><code>_PROMPT</code></a> contains a string,
+then its value is used as the prompt.
+Similarly, if the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT2"><code>_PROMPT2</code></a> contains a string,
+its value is used as the secondary prompt
+(issued during incomplete statements).
+Therefore, both prompts can be changed directly on the command line.
+For instance,
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -e"_PROMPT='myprompt> '" -i
+</pre><p>
+(the outer pair of quotes is for the shell,
+the inner pair is for Lua),
+or in any Lua programs by assigning to <code>_PROMPT</code>.
+Note the use of <code>-i</code> to enter interactive mode; otherwise,
+the program would just end silently right after the assignment to <code>_PROMPT</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+To allow the use of Lua as a
+script interpreter in Unix systems,
+the stand-alone interpreter skips
+the first line of a chunk if it starts with <code>#</code>.
+Therefore, Lua scripts can be made into executable programs
+by using <code>chmod +x</code> and the <code>#!</code> form,
+as in
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/local/bin/lua
+</pre><p>
+(Of course,
+the location of the Lua interpreter may be different in your machine.
+If <code>lua</code> is in your <code>PATH</code>,
+then
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/bin/env lua
+</pre><p>
+is a more portable solution.)
+
+
+
+<h1>7 - <a name="7">Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here we list the incompatibilities that may be found when moving a program
+from Lua 5.0 to Lua 5.1.
+You can avoid most of the incompatibilities compiling Lua with
+appropriate options (see file <code>luaconf.h</code>).
+However,
+all these compatibility options will be removed in the next version of Lua.
+
+
+
+<h2>7.1 - <a name="7.1">Changes in the Language</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The vararg system changed from the pseudo-argument <code>arg</code> with a
+table with the extra arguments to the vararg expression.
+(Option <code>LUA_COMPAT_VARARG</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+There was a subtle change in the scope of the implicit
+variables of the <b>for</b> statement and for the <b>repeat</b> statement.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The long string/long comment syntax (<code>[[<em>string</em>]]</code>)
+does not allow nesting.
+You can use the new syntax (<code>[=[<em>string</em>]=]</code>) in these cases.
+(Option <code>LUA_COMPAT_LSTR</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>7.2 - <a name="7.2">Changes in the Libraries</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>string.gfind</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch</code></a>.
+(Option <code>LUA_COMPAT_GFIND</code>)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+When <a href="#pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub</code></a> is called with a function as its
+third argument,
+whenever this function returns <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b> the
+replacement string is the whole match,
+instead of the empty string.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>table.setn</code> was deprecated.
+Function <code>table.getn</code> corresponds
+to the new length operator (<code>#</code>);
+use the operator instead of the function.
+(Option <code>LUA_COMPAT_GETN</code>)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>loadlib</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib</code></a>.
+(Option <code>LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB</code>)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>math.mod</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod</code></a>.
+(Option <code>LUA_COMPAT_MOD</code>)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>table.foreach</code> and <code>table.foreachi</code> are deprecated.
+You can use a for loop with <code>pairs</code> or <code>ipairs</code> instead.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+There were substantial changes in function <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> due to
+the new module system.
+However, the new behavior is mostly compatible with the old,
+but <code>require</code> gets the path from <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a> instead
+of from <code>LUA_PATH</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> has different arguments.
+Function <code>gcinfo</code> is deprecated;
+use <code>collectgarbage("count")</code> instead.+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>7.3 - <a name="7.3">Changes in the API</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The <code>luaopen_*</code> functions (to open libraries)
+cannot be called directly,
+like a regular C function.
+They must be called through Lua,
+like a Lua function.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>lua_open</code> was replaced by <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> to
+allow the user to set a memory-allocation function.
+You can use <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a> from the standard library to
+create a state with a standard allocation function
+(based on <code>realloc</code>).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>luaL_getn</code> and <code>luaL_setn</code>
+(from the auxiliary library) are deprecated.
+Use <a href="#lua_objlen"><code>lua_objlen</code></a> instead of <code>luaL_getn</code>
+and nothing instead of <code>luaL_setn</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>luaL_openlib</code> was replaced by <a href="#luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>luaL_checkudata</code> now throws an error when the given value
+is not a userdata of the expected type.
+(In Lua 5.0 it returned <code>NULL</code>.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>8 - <a name="8">The Complete Syntax of Lua</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here is the complete syntax of Lua in extended BNF.
+(It does not describe operator precedences.)
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+ chunk ::= {stat [`<b>;</b>´]} [laststat [`<b>;</b>´]]+
+ block ::= chunk
+
+ stat ::= varlist1 `<b>=</b>´ explist1 |
+ functioncall |
+ <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp |
+ <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> | + <b>for</b> Name `<b>=</b>´ exp `<b>,</b>´ exp [`<b>,</b>´ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist1 <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>function</b> funcname funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> namelist [`<b>=</b>´ explist1]
+
+ laststat ::= <b>return</b> [explist1] | <b>break</b>
+
+ funcname ::= Name {`<b>.</b>´ Name} [`<b>:</b>´ Name]+
+ varlist1 ::= var {`<b>,</b>´ var}+
+ var ::= Name | prefixexp `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ | prefixexp `<b>.</b>´ Name
+
+ namelist ::= Name {`<b>,</b>´ Name}+
+ explist1 ::= {exp `<b>,</b>´} exp+
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> | Number | String | `<b>...</b>´ | function |
+ prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp
+
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | `<b>(</b>´ exp `<b>)</b>´
+
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args | prefixexp `<b>:</b>´ Name args
+
+ args ::= `<b>(</b>´ [explist1] `<b>)</b>´ | tableconstructor | String
+
+ function ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+
+ funcbody ::= `<b>(</b>´ [parlist1] `<b>)</b>´ block <b>end</b>
+
+ parlist1 ::= namelist [`<b>,</b>´ `<b>...</b>´] | `<b>...</b>´
+
+ tableconstructor ::= `<b>{</b>´ [fieldlist] `<b>}</b>´+
+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]+
+ field ::= `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ `<b>=</b>´ exp | Name `<b>=</b>´ exp | exp
+
+ fieldsep ::= `<b>,</b>´ | `<b>;</b>´
+
+ binop ::= `<b>+</b>´ | `<b>-</b>´ | `<b>*</b>´ | `<b>/</b>´ | `<b>^</b>´ | `<b>%</b>´ | `<b>..</b>´ |
+ `<b><</b>´ | `<b><=</b>´ | `<b>></b>´ | `<b>>=</b>´ | `<b>==</b>´ | `<b>~=</b>´ |
+ <b>and</b> | <b>or</b>
+
+ unop ::= `<b>-</b>´ | <b>not</b> | `<b>#</b>´
+
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Last update:
+Mon Jun 5 17:05:27 BRT 2006
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: ready for Lua 5.1.1
+-->
+
+</body></html>
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/doc/readme.html
@@ -1,0 +1,32 @@
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua documentation</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua" BORDER=0></A>
+Documentation
+</H1>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">Official web site</A>
+<LI><A HREF="contents.html">Reference manual</A>
+<LI><A HREF="lua.html">lua man page</A>
+<LI><A HREF="luac.html">luac man page</A>
+<LI><A HREF="../README">lua/README</A>
+<LI><A HREF="../etc/README">lua/etc/README</A>
+<LI><A HREF="../test/README">lua/test/README</A>
+</UL>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Last update:
+Wed Sep 7 12:57:50 BRST 2005
+</SMALL>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/Makefile
@@ -1,0 +1,44 @@
+# makefile for Lua etc
+
+TOP= ..
+LIB= $(TOP)/src
+INC= $(TOP)/src
+BIN= $(TOP)/src
+SRC= $(TOP)/src
+TST= $(TOP)/test
+
+CC= gcc
+CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall -I$(INC) $(MYCFLAGS)
+MYCFLAGS=
+MYLDFLAGS= -Wl,-E
+MYLIBS= -lm
+#MYLIBS= -lm -Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses
+RM= rm -f
+
+default:
+ @echo 'Please choose a target: min noparser one strict clean'
+
+min: min.c
+ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $@.c -L$(LIB) -llua $(MYLIBS)
+ echo 'print"Hello there!"' | ./a.out
+
+noparser: noparser.o
+ $(CC) noparser.o $(SRC)/lua.o -L$(LIB) -llua $(MYLIBS)
+ $(BIN)/luac $(TST)/hello.lua
+ -./a.out luac.out
+ -./a.out -e'a=1'
+
+one:
+ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) all.c $(MYLIBS)
+ ./a.out $(TST)/hello.lua
+
+strict:
+ -$(BIN)/lua -e 'print(a);b=2'
+ -$(BIN)/lua -lstrict -e 'print(a)'
+ -$(BIN)/lua -e 'function f() b=2 end f()'
+ -$(BIN)/lua -lstrict -e 'function f() b=2 end f()'
+
+clean:
+ $(RM) a.out core core.* *.o luac.out
+
+.PHONY: default min noparser one strict clean
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/README
@@ -1,0 +1,36 @@
+This directory contains some useful files and code.
+Unlike the code in ../src, everything here is in the public domain.
+
+If any of the makes fail, you're probably not using the same libraries
+used to build Lua. Set MYLIBS in Makefile accordingly.
+
+all.c
+ Full Lua interpreter in a single file.
+ Do "make one" for a demo.
+
+lua.hpp
+ Lua header files for C++ using 'extern "C"'.
+
+lua.ico
+ A Lua icon for Windows (and web sites: save as favicon.ico).
+ Drawn by hand by Markus Gritsch <gritsch@iue.tuwien.ac.at>.
+
+lua.pc
+ pkg-config data for Lua
+
+luavs.bat
+ Script to build Lua under "Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt".
+
+min.c
+ A minimal Lua interpreter.
+ Good for learning and for starting your own.
+ Do "make min" for a demo.
+
+noparser.c
+ Linking with noparser.o avoids loading the parsing modules in lualib.a.
+ Do "make noparser" for a demo.
+
+strict.lua
+ Traps uses of undeclared global variables.
+ Do "make strict" for a demo.
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/all.c
@@ -1,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+* all.c -- Lua core, libraries and interpreter in a single file
+*/
+
+#define luaall_c
+
+#include "lapi.c"
+#include "lcode.c"
+#include "ldebug.c"
+#include "ldo.c"
+#include "ldump.c"
+#include "lfunc.c"
+#include "lgc.c"
+#include "llex.c"
+#include "lmem.c"
+#include "lobject.c"
+#include "lopcodes.c"
+#include "lparser.c"
+#include "lstate.c"
+#include "lstring.c"
+#include "ltable.c"
+#include "ltm.c"
+#include "lundump.c"
+#include "lvm.c"
+#include "lzio.c"
+
+#include "lauxlib.c"
+#include "lbaselib.c"
+#include "ldblib.c"
+#include "liolib.c"
+#include "linit.c"
+#include "lmathlib.c"
+#include "loadlib.c"
+#include "loslib.c"
+#include "lstrlib.c"
+#include "ltablib.c"
+
+#include "lua.c"
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/lua.hpp
@@ -1,0 +1,9 @@
+// lua.hpp
+// Lua header files for C++
+// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++
+
+extern "C" {+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+}
binary files /dev/null b/src/lua/etc/lua.ico differ
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/lua.pc
@@ -1,0 +1,31 @@
+# lua.pc -- pkg-config data for Lua
+
+# vars from install Makefile
+
+# grep '^V=' ../Makefile
+V= 5.1
+# grep '^R=' ../Makefile
+R= 5.1.1
+
+# grep '^INSTALL_.*=' ../Makefile | sed 's/INSTALL_TOP/prefix/'
+prefix= /usr/local
+INSTALL_BIN= ${prefix}/bin+INSTALL_INC= ${prefix}/include+INSTALL_LIB= ${prefix}/lib+INSTALL_MAN= ${prefix}/man/man1+INSTALL_LMOD= ${prefix}/share/lua/${V}+INSTALL_CMOD= ${prefix}/lib/lua/${V}+
+# canonical vars
+exec_prefix=${prefix}+libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib+includedir=${prefix}/include+
+Name: Lua
+Description: An Extensible Extension Language
+Version: ${R}+Requires:
+Libs: -L${libdir} -llua -lm+Cflags: -I${includedir}+
+# (end of lua.pc)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/luavs.bat
@@ -1,0 +1,7 @@
+cd src
+cl /O2 /W3 /c /DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL l*.c
+del lua.obj luac.obj
+link /DLL /out:lua51.dll l*.obj
+cl /O2 /W3 /c /DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL lua.c
+link /out:lua.exe lua.obj lua51.lib
+cd ..
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/min.c
@@ -1,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+* min.c -- a minimal Lua interpreter
+* loads stdin only with minimal error handling.
+* no interaction, and no standard library, only a "print" function.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+static int print(lua_State *L)
+{+ int n=lua_gettop(L);
+ int i;
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
+ {+ if (i>1) printf("\t");+ if (lua_isstring(L,i))
+ printf("%s",lua_tostring(L,i));+ else if (lua_isnil(L,i)==2)
+ printf("%s","nil");+ else if (lua_isboolean(L,i))
+ printf("%s",lua_toboolean(L,i) ? "true" : "false");+ else
+ printf("%s:%p",luaL_typename(L,i),lua_topointer(L,i));+ }
+ printf("\n");+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{+ lua_State *L=lua_open();
+ lua_register(L,"print",print);
+ if (luaL_dofile(L,NULL)!=0) fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return 0;
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/noparser.c
@@ -1,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+* The code below can be used to make a Lua core that does not contain the
+* parsing modules (lcode, llex, lparser), which represent 35% of the total core.
+* You'll only be able to load binary files and strings, precompiled with luac.
+* (Of course, you'll have to build luac with the original parsing modules!)
+*
+* To use this module, simply compile it ("make noparser" does that) and list+* its object file before the Lua libraries. The linker should then not load
+* the parsing modules. To try it, do "make luab".
+*
+* If you also want to avoid the dump module (ldump.o), define NODUMP.
+* #define NODUMP
+*/
+
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {+ UNUSED(L);
+}
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff, const char *name) {+ UNUSED(z);
+ UNUSED(buff);
+ UNUSED(name);
+ lua_pushliteral(L,"parser not loaded");
+ lua_error(L);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef NODUMP
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip) {+ UNUSED(f);
+ UNUSED(w);
+ UNUSED(data);
+ UNUSED(strip);
+#if 1
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return 0;
+#else
+ lua_pushliteral(L,"dumper not loaded");
+ lua_error(L);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/etc/strict.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,34 @@
+--
+-- strict.lua
+-- checks uses of undeclared global variables
+-- All global variables must be 'declared' through a regular assignment
+-- (even assigning nil will do) in a main chunk before being used
+-- anywhere or assigned to inside a function.
+--
+
+local mt = getmetatable(_G)
+if mt == nil then
+ mt = {}+ setmetatable(_G, mt)
+end
+
+mt.__declared = {}+
+mt.__newindex = function (t, n, v)
+ if not mt.__declared[n] then
+ local w = debug.getinfo(2, "S").what
+ if w ~= "main" and w ~= "C" then
+ error("assign to undeclared variable '"..n.."'", 2)+ end
+ mt.__declared[n] = true
+ end
+ rawset(t, n, v)
+end
+
+mt.__index = function (t, n)
+ if not mt.__declared[n] and debug.getinfo(2, "S").what ~= "C" then
+ error("variable '"..n.."' is not declared", 2)+ end
+ return rawget(t, n)
+end
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/.cvsignore
@@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
+lua luac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/Makefile
@@ -1,0 +1,178 @@
+# makefile for building Lua
+# see ../INSTALL for installation instructions
+# see ../Makefile and luaconf.h for further customization
+
+# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================
+
+# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values.
+PLAT= none
+
+CC= gcc
+CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall $(MYCFLAGS)
+AR= ar rcu
+RANLIB= ranlib
+RM= rm -f
+LIBS= -lm $(MYLIBS)
+
+MYCFLAGS=
+MYLDFLAGS=
+MYLIBS=
+
+# == END OF USER SETTINGS. NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE =========
+
+PLATS= aix ansi bsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+LUA_A= liblua.a
+CORE_O= lapi.o lcode.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o lmem.o \
+ lobject.o lopcodes.o lparser.o lstate.o lstring.o ltable.o ltm.o \
+ lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o
+LIB_O= lauxlib.o lbaselib.o ldblib.o liolib.o lmathlib.o loslib.o ltablib.o \
+ lstrlib.o loadlib.o linit.o
+
+LUA_T= lua
+LUA_O= lua.o
+
+LUAC_T= luac
+LUAC_O= luac.o print.o
+
+ALL_O= $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O) $(LUA_O) $(LUAC_O)
+ALL_T= $(LUA_A) $(LUA_T) $(LUAC_T)
+ALL_A= $(LUA_A)
+
+default: $(PLAT)
+
+all: $(ALL_T)
+
+o: $(ALL_O)
+
+a: $(ALL_A)
+
+$(LUA_A): $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O)
+ $(AR) $@ $?
+ $(RANLIB) $@
+
+$(LUA_T): $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A)
+ $(CC) -o $@ $(MYLDFLAGS) $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+$(LUAC_T): $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A)
+ $(CC) -o $@ $(MYLDFLAGS) $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+clean:
+ $(RM) $(ALL_T) $(ALL_O)
+
+depend:
+ @$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MM l*.c print.c
+
+echo:
+ @echo "PLAT = $(PLAT)"
+ @echo "CC = $(CC)"
+ @echo "CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)"
+ @echo "AR = $(AR)"
+ @echo "RANLIB = $(RANLIB)"
+ @echo "RM = $(RM)"
+ @echo "MYCFLAGS = $(MYCFLAGS)"
+ @echo "MYLDFLAGS = $(MYLDFLAGS)"
+ @echo "MYLIBS = $(MYLIBS)"
+
+# convenience targets for popular platforms
+
+none:
+ @echo "Please choose a platform: $(PLATS)"
+
+aix:
+ $(MAKE) all CC="xlc" CFLAGS="-O2 -DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" MYLIBS="-ldl" MYLDFLAGS="-brtl -bexpall"
+
+ansi:
+ $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_ANSI
+
+bsd:
+ $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" MYLIBS="-Wl,-E"
+
+generic:
+ $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=
+
+linux:
+ $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_LINUX MYLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses"
+
+macosx:
+ $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_MACOSX
+# use this on Mac OS X 10.4
+# $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_MACOSX -DLUA_USE_READLINE" MYLIBS="-lreadline"
+
+mingw:
+ $(MAKE) "LUA_A=lua51.dll" "LUA_T=lua.exe" \
+ "AR=$(CC) -shared -o" "RANLIB=strip --strip-unneeded" \
+ "MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL" "MYLIBS=" "MYLDFLAGS=-s" lua.exe
+
+posix:
+ $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_POSIX
+
+solaris:
+ $(MAKE) all MYCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" MYLIBS="-ldl"
+
+# list targets that do not create files (but not all makes understand .PHONY)
+.PHONY: all $(PLATS) default o a clean depend echo none
+
+# DO NOT DELETE
+
+lapi.o: lapi.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h lobject.h llimits.h ldebug.h \
+ lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h \
+ lundump.h lvm.h
+lauxlib.o: lauxlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h
+lbaselib.o: lbaselib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lcode.o: lcode.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h lgc.h \
+ ltable.h
+ldblib.o: ldblib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ldebug.o: ldebug.c lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h lobject.h llimits.h lcode.h \
+ llex.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h \
+ lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ldo.o: ldo.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lparser.h lstring.h \
+ ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+ldump.o: ldump.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h lundump.h
+lfunc.o: lfunc.c lua.h luaconf.h lfunc.h lobject.h llimits.h lgc.h lmem.h \
+ lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h
+lgc.o: lgc.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h
+linit.o: linit.c lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h
+liolib.o: liolib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+llex.o: llex.c lua.h luaconf.h ldo.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h llex.h lparser.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lmathlib.o: lmathlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lmem.o: lmem.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h
+loadlib.o: loadlib.c lauxlib.h lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ lualib.h
+lobject.o: lobject.c lua.h luaconf.h ldo.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lstring.h lgc.h lvm.h
+lopcodes.o: lopcodes.c lopcodes.h llimits.h lua.h luaconf.h
+loslib.o: loslib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lparser.o: lparser.c lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h ldo.h \
+ lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lstate.o: lstate.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h llex.h lstring.h ltable.h
+lstring.o: lstring.c lua.h luaconf.h lmem.h llimits.h lobject.h lstate.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lstring.h lgc.h
+lstrlib.o: lstrlib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ltable.o: ltable.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h ltable.h
+ltablib.o: ltablib.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ltm.o: ltm.c lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h \
+ lmem.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lua.o: lua.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+luac.o: luac.c lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h ldo.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ lstate.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lfunc.h lopcodes.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ lundump.h
+lundump.o: lundump.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h lundump.h
+lvm.o: lvm.c lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+lzio.o: lzio.c lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h lmem.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h \
+ lzio.h
+print.o: print.c ldebug.h lstate.h lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lundump.h
+
+# (end of Makefile)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lapi.c
@@ -1,0 +1,1080 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:37 rrt Exp $
+** Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lapi_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const char lua_ident[] =
+ "$Lua: " LUA_RELEASE " " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $\n"
+ "$Authors: " LUA_AUTHORS " $\n"
+ "$URL: www.lua.org $\n";
+
+
+
+#define api_checknelems(L, n) api_check(L, (n) <= (L->top - L->base))
+
+#define api_checkvalidindex(L, i) api_check(L, (i) != luaO_nilobject)
+
+#define api_incr_top(L) {api_check(L, L->top < L->ci->top); L->top++;}+
+
+
+static TValue *index2adr (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ if (idx > 0) {+ TValue *o = L->base + (idx - 1);
+ api_check(L, idx <= L->ci->top - L->base);
+ if (o >= L->top) return cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject);
+ else return o;
+ }
+ else if (idx > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) {+ api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - L->base);
+ return L->top + idx;
+ }
+ else switch (idx) { /* pseudo-indices */+ case LUA_REGISTRYINDEX: return registry(L);
+ case LUA_ENVIRONINDEX: {+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ sethvalue(L, &L->env, func->c.env);
+ return &L->env;
+ }
+ case LUA_GLOBALSINDEX: return gt(L);
+ default: {+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ idx = LUA_GLOBALSINDEX - idx;
+ return (idx <= func->c.nupvalues)
+ ? &func->c.upvalue[idx-1]
+ : cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static Table *getcurrenv (lua_State *L) {+ if (L->ci == L->base_ci) /* no enclosing function? */
+ return hvalue(gt(L)); /* use global table as environment */
+ else {+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ return func->c.env;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaA_pushobject (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {+ setobj2s(L, L->top, o);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int size) {+ int res;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if ((L->top - L->base + size) > LUAI_MAXCSTACK)
+ res = 0; /* stack overflow */
+ else {+ luaD_checkstack(L, size);
+ if (L->ci->top < L->top + size)
+ L->ci->top = L->top + size;
+ res = 1;
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) {+ int i;
+ if (from == to) return;
+ lua_lock(to);
+ api_checknelems(from, n);
+ api_check(from, G(from) == G(to));
+ api_check(from, to->ci->top - to->top >= n);
+ from->top -= n;
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {+ setobj2s(to, to->top++, from->top + i);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(to);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf) {+ lua_CFunction old;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ old = G(L)->panic;
+ G(L)->panic = panicf;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return old;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {+ lua_State *L1;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ L1 = luaE_newthread(L);
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L1);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
+ return L1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettop (lua_State *L) {+ return cast_int(L->top - L->base);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (idx >= 0) {+ api_check(L, idx <= L->stack_last - L->base);
+ while (L->top < L->base + idx)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++);
+ L->top = L->base + idx;
+ }
+ else {+ api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top - L->base));
+ L->top += idx+1; /* `subtract' index (index is negative) */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId p;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, p);
+ while (++p < L->top) setobjs2s(L, p-1, p);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId p;
+ StkId q;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, p);
+ for (q = L->top; q>p; q--) setobjs2s(L, q, q-1);
+ setobjs2s(L, p, L->top);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ /* explicit test for incompatible code */
+ if (idx == LUA_ENVIRONINDEX && L->ci == L->base_ci)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "no calling environment");
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ if (idx == LUA_ENVIRONINDEX) {+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1));
+ func->c.env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ luaC_barrier(L, func, L->top - 1);
+ }
+ else {+ setobj(L, o, L->top - 1);
+ if (idx < LUA_GLOBALSINDEX) /* function upvalue? */
+ luaC_barrier(L, curr_func(L), L->top - 1);
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, index2adr(L, idx));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_type (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (o == luaO_nilobject) ? LUA_TNONE : ttype(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int t) {+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (t == LUA_TNONE) ? "no value" : luaT_typenames[t];
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return iscfunction(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return tonumber(o, &n);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ int t = lua_type(L, idx);
+ return (t == LUA_TSTRING || t == LUA_TNUMBER);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (ttisuserdata(o) || ttislightuserdata(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {+ StkId o1 = index2adr(L, index1);
+ StkId o2 = index2adr(L, index2);
+ return (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0
+ : luaO_rawequalObj(o1, o2);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {+ StkId o1, o2;
+ int i;
+ lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */
+ o1 = index2adr(L, index1);
+ o2 = index2adr(L, index2);
+ i = (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0 : equalobj(L, o1, o2);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {+ StkId o1, o2;
+ int i;
+ lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */
+ o1 = index2adr(L, index1);
+ o2 = index2adr(L, index2);
+ i = (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0
+ : luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n))
+ return nvalue(o);
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {+ lua_Integer res;
+ lua_Number num = nvalue(o);
+ lua_number2integer(res, num);
+ return res;
+ }
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return !l_isfalse(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ if (!ttisstring(o)) {+ lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */
+ if (!luaV_tostring(L, o)) { /* conversion failed? */+ if (len != NULL) *len = 0;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx); /* previous call may reallocate the stack */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ }
+ if (len != NULL) *len = tsvalue(o)->len;
+ return svalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API size_t lua_objlen (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {+ case LUA_TSTRING: return tsvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o));
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: {+ size_t l;
+ lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */
+ l = (luaV_tostring(L, o) ? tsvalue(o)->len : 0);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return l;
+ }
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (!iscfunction(o)) ? NULL : clvalue(o)->c.f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return (rawuvalue(o) + 1);
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (!ttisthread(o)) ? NULL : thvalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {+ case LUA_TTABLE: return hvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: return clvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: return thvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return lua_touserdata(L, idx);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, n);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, s, len));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {+ if (s == NULL)
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp) {+ const char *ret;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {+ const char *ret;
+ va_list argp;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) {+ Closure *cl;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n, getcurrenv(L));
+ cl->c.f = fn;
+ L->top -= n;
+ while (n--)
+ setobj2n(L, &cl->c.upvalue[n], L->top+n);
+ setclvalue(L, L->top, cl);
+ lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(cl)));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ setbvalue(L->top, (b != 0)); /* ensure that true is 1 */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ setpvalue(L->top, p);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return (G(L)->mainthread == L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {+ StkId t;
+ TValue key;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, k));
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, &key, L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t));
+ setobj2s(L, L->top - 1, luaH_get(hvalue(t), L->top - 1));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(o));
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, luaH_getnum(hvalue(o), n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, luaH_new(L, narray, nrec));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {+ const TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt = NULL;
+ int res;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ obj = index2adr(L, objindex);
+ switch (ttype(obj)) {+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)];
+ break;
+ }
+ if (mt == NULL)
+ res = 0;
+ else {+ sethvalue(L, L->top, mt);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ res = 1;
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getfenv (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, clvalue(o)->c.env);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, uvalue(o)->env);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, gt(thvalue(o)));
+ break;
+ default:
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ break;
+ }
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ luaV_settable(L, t, L->top - 2, L->top - 1);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop index and value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {+ StkId t;
+ TValue key;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, k));
+ luaV_settable(L, t, &key, L->top - 1);
+ L->top--; /* pop value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t));
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2), L->top-1);
+ luaC_barriert(L, hvalue(t), L->top-1);
+ L->top -= 2;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(o));
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, hvalue(o), n), L->top-1);
+ luaC_barriert(L, hvalue(o), L->top-1);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {+ TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ obj = index2adr(L, objindex);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, obj);
+ if (ttisnil(L->top - 1))
+ mt = NULL;
+ else {+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1));
+ mt = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ }
+ switch (ttype(obj)) {+ case LUA_TTABLE: {+ hvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt)
+ luaC_objbarriert(L, hvalue(obj), mt);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {+ uvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt)
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, rawuvalue(obj), mt);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)] = mt;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setfenv (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId o;
+ int res = 1;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1));
+ switch (ttype(o)) {+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ clvalue(o)->c.env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ uvalue(o)->env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ sethvalue(L, gt(thvalue(o)), hvalue(L->top - 1));
+ break;
+ default:
+ res = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, gcvalue(o), hvalue(L->top - 1));
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** `load' and `call' functions (run Lua code)
+*/
+
+
+#define adjustresults(L,nres) \
+ { if (nres == LUA_MULTRET && L->top >= L->ci->top) L->ci->top = L->top; }+
+
+#define checkresults(L,na,nr) \
+ api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET || (L->ci->top - L->top >= (nr) - (na)))
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults) {+ StkId func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ func = L->top - (nargs+1);
+ luaD_call(L, func, nresults);
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected call.
+*/
+struct CallS { /* data to `f_call' */+ StkId func;
+ int nresults;
+};
+
+
+static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) {+ struct CallS *c = cast(struct CallS *, ud);
+ luaD_call(L, c->func, c->nresults);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc) {+ struct CallS c;
+ int status;
+ ptrdiff_t func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ if (errfunc == 0)
+ func = 0;
+ else {+ StkId o = index2adr(L, errfunc);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ func = savestack(L, o);
+ }
+ c.func = L->top - (nargs+1); /* function to be called */
+ c.nresults = nresults;
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_call, &c, savestack(L, c.func), func);
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected C call.
+*/
+struct CCallS { /* data to `f_Ccall' */+ lua_CFunction func;
+ void *ud;
+};
+
+
+static void f_Ccall (lua_State *L, void *ud) {+ struct CCallS *c = cast(struct CCallS *, ud);
+ Closure *cl;
+ cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, 0, getcurrenv(L));
+ cl->c.f = c->func;
+ setclvalue(L, L->top, cl); /* push function */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ setpvalue(L->top, c->ud); /* push only argument */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_cpcall (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud) {+ struct CCallS c;
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ c.func = func;
+ c.ud = ud;
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_Ccall, &c, savestack(L, L->top), 0);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
+ const char *chunkname) {+ ZIO z;
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?";
+ luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data);
+ status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data) {+ int status;
+ TValue *o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = L->top - 1;
+ if (isLfunction(o))
+ status = luaU_dump(L, clvalue(o)->l.p, writer, data, 0);
+ else
+ status = 1;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {+ return L->status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Garbage-collection function
+*/
+
+LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data) {+ int res = 0;
+ global_State *g;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ g = G(L);
+ switch (what) {+ case LUA_GCSTOP: {+ g->GCthreshold = MAX_LUMEM;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCRESTART: {+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {+ luaC_fullgc(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {+ /* GC values are expressed in Kbytes: #bytes/2^10 */
+ res = cast_int(g->totalbytes >> 10);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNTB: {+ res = cast_int(g->totalbytes & 0x3ff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: {+ lu_mem a = (cast(lu_mem, data) << 10);
+ if (a <= g->totalbytes)
+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes - a;
+ else
+ g->GCthreshold = 0;
+ while (g->GCthreshold <= g->totalbytes)
+ luaC_step(L);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpause) /* end of cycle? */
+ res = 1; /* signal it */
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: {+ res = g->gcpause;
+ g->gcpause = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {+ res = g->gcstepmul;
+ g->gcstepmul = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: res = -1; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) {+ StkId t;
+ int more;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t));
+ more = luaH_next(L, hvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+ if (more) {+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ else /* no more elements */
+ L->top -= 1; /* remove key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return more;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ if (n >= 2) {+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ luaV_concat(L, n, cast_int(L->top - L->base) - 1);
+ L->top -= (n-1);
+ }
+ else if (n == 0) { /* push empty string */+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ /* else n == 1; nothing to do */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud) {+ lua_Alloc f;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (ud) *ud = G(L)->ud;
+ f = G(L)->frealloc;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {+ lua_lock(L);
+ G(L)->ud = ud;
+ G(L)->frealloc = f;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size) {+ Udata *u;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ u = luaS_newudata(L, size, getcurrenv(L));
+ setuvalue(L, L->top, u);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return u + 1;
+}
+
+
+
+
+static const char *aux_upvalue (StkId fi, int n, TValue **val) {+ Closure *f;
+ if (!ttisfunction(fi)) return NULL;
+ f = clvalue(fi);
+ if (f->c.isC) {+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= f->c.nupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = &f->c.upvalue[n-1];
+ return "";
+ }
+ else {+ Proto *p = f->l.p;
+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= p->sizeupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = f->l.upvals[n-1]->v;
+ return getstr(p->upvalues[n-1]);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ name = aux_upvalue(index2adr(L, funcindex), n, &val);
+ if (name) {+ setobj2s(L, L->top, val);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val;
+ StkId fi;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ fi = index2adr(L, funcindex);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val);
+ if (name) {+ L->top--;
+ setobj(L, val, L->top);
+ luaC_barrier(L, clvalue(fi), L->top);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lapi.h
@@ -1,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:37 rrt Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lapi_h
+#define lapi_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaA_pushobject (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lauxlib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,653 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:37 rrt Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* This file uses only the official API of Lua.
+** Any function declared here could be written as an application function.
+*/
+
+#define lauxlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+#define FREELIST_REF 0 /* free list of references */
+
+
+/* convert a stack index to positive */
+#define abs_index(L, i) ((i) > 0 || (i) <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX ? (i) : \
+ lua_gettop(L) + (i) + 1)
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Error-report functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg) {+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar)) /* no stack frame? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", narg, extramsg);
+ lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar);
+ if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {+ narg--; /* do not count `self' */
+ if (narg == 0) /* error is in the self argument itself? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "calling " LUA_QS " on bad self (%s)",
+ ar.name, extramsg);
+ }
+ if (ar.name == NULL)
+ ar.name = "?";
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to " LUA_QS " (%s)",
+ narg, ar.name, extramsg);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_typerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname) {+ const char *msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s",
+ tname, luaL_typename(L, narg));
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void tag_error (lua_State *L, int narg, int tag) {+ luaL_typerror(L, narg, lua_typename(L, tag));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) {+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar)) { /* check function at level */+ lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar); /* get info about it */
+ if (ar.currentline > 0) { /* is there info? */+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* else, no information available... */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ luaL_where(L, 1);
+ lua_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]) {+ const char *name = (def) ? luaL_optstring(L, narg, def) :
+ luaL_checkstring(L, narg);
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; lst[i]; i++)
+ if (strcmp(lst[i], name) == 0)
+ return i;
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg,
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid option " LUA_QS, name));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get registry.name */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* name already in use? */
+ return 0; /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_newtable(L); /* create metatable */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* registry.name = metatable */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {+ void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud);
+ if (p != NULL) { /* value is a userdata? */+ if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) { /* does it have a metatable? */+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get correct metatable */
+ if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) { /* does it have the correct mt? */+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both metatables */
+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_typerror(L, ud, tname); /* else error */
+ return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int space, const char *mes) {+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, space))
+ luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", mes);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t) {+ if (lua_type(L, narg) != t)
+ tag_error(L, narg, t);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg) {+ if (lua_type(L, narg) == LUA_TNONE)
+ luaL_argerror(L, narg, "value expected");
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *len) {+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, narg, len);
+ if (!s) tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TSTRING);
+ return s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, int narg,
+ const char *def, size_t *len) {+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, narg)) {+ if (len)
+ *len = (def ? strlen(def) : 0);
+ return def;
+ }
+ else return luaL_checklstring(L, narg, len);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg) {+ lua_Number d = lua_tonumber(L, narg);
+ if (d == 0 && !lua_isnumber(L, narg)) /* avoid extra test when d is not 0 */
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+ return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number def) {+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checknumber, narg, def);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg) {+ lua_Integer d = lua_tointeger(L, narg);
+ if (d == 0 && !lua_isnumber(L, narg)) /* avoid extra test when d is not 0 */
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+ return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int narg,
+ lua_Integer def) {+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, narg, def);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, obj)) /* no metatable? */
+ return 0;
+ lua_pushstring(L, event);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove metatable and metafield */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else {+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove only metatable */
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {+ obj = abs_index(L, obj);
+ if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, obj, event)) /* no metafield? */
+ return 0;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, obj);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_register) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l) {+ luaI_openlib(L, libname, l, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int libsize (const luaL_Reg *l) {+ int size = 0;
+ for (; l->name; l++) size++;
+ return size;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaI_openlib (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {+ if (libname) {+ int size = libsize(l);
+ /* check whether lib already exists */
+ luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", size);
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, libname); /* get _LOADED[libname] */
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */
+ /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */
+ if (luaL_findtable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, libname, size) != NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, libname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, libname); /* _LOADED[libname] = new table */
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove _LOADED table */
+ lua_insert(L, -(nup+1)); /* move library table to below upvalues */
+ }
+ for (; l->name; l++) {+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<nup; i++) /* copy upvalues to the top */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -nup);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup);
+ lua_setfield(L, -(nup+2), l->name);
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** getn-setn: size for arrays
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GETN)
+
+static int checkint (lua_State *L, int topop) {+ int n = (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) ? lua_tointeger(L, -1) : -1;
+ lua_pop(L, topop);
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static void getsizes (lua_State *L) {+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_SIZES");
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no `size' table? */+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil */
+ lua_newtable(L); /* create it */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `size' will be its own metatable */
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "kv");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(N).__mode = "kv" */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_SIZES"); /* store in register */
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setn (lua_State *L, int t, int n) {+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "n");
+ lua_rawget(L, t);
+ if (checkint(L, 1) >= 0) { /* is there a numeric field `n'? */+ lua_pushliteral(L, "n"); /* use it */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+ lua_rawset(L, t);
+ }
+ else { /* use `sizes' */+ getsizes(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, t);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+ lua_rawset(L, -3); /* sizes[t] = n */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove `sizes' */
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getn (lua_State *L, int t) {+ int n;
+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "n"); /* try t.n */
+ lua_rawget(L, t);
+ if ((n = checkint(L, 1)) >= 0) return n;
+ getsizes(L); /* else try sizes[t] */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, t);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if ((n = checkint(L, 2)) >= 0) return n;
+ return (int)lua_objlen(L, t);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,
+ const char *r) {+ const char *wild;
+ size_t l = strlen(p);
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) {+ luaL_addlstring(&b, s, wild - s); /* push prefix */
+ luaL_addstring(&b, r); /* push replacement in place of pattern */
+ s = wild + l; /* continue after `p' */
+ }
+ luaL_addstring(&b, s); /* push last suffix */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return lua_tostring(L, -1);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_findtable (lua_State *L, int idx,
+ const char *fname, int szhint) {+ const char *e;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+ do {+ e = strchr(fname, '.');
+ if (e == NULL) e = fname + strlen(fname);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no such field? */+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove this nil */
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, (*e == '.' ? 1 : szhint)); /* new table for field */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_settable(L, -4); /* set new table into field */
+ }
+ else if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* field has a non-table value? */+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove table and value */
+ return fname; /* return problematic part of the name */
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove previous table */
+ fname = e + 1;
+ } while (*e == '.');
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define bufflen(B) ((B)->p - (B)->buffer)
+#define bufffree(B) ((size_t)(LUAL_BUFFERSIZE - bufflen(B)))
+
+#define LIMIT (LUA_MINSTACK/2)
+
+
+static int emptybuffer (luaL_Buffer *B) {+ size_t l = bufflen(B);
+ if (l == 0) return 0; /* put nothing on stack */
+ else {+ lua_pushlstring(B->L, B->buffer, l);
+ B->p = B->buffer;
+ B->lvl++;
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void adjuststack (luaL_Buffer *B) {+ if (B->lvl > 1) {+ lua_State *L = B->L;
+ int toget = 1; /* number of levels to concat */
+ size_t toplen = lua_strlen(L, -1);
+ do {+ size_t l = lua_strlen(L, -(toget+1));
+ if (B->lvl - toget + 1 >= LIMIT || toplen > l) {+ toplen += l;
+ toget++;
+ }
+ else break;
+ } while (toget < B->lvl);
+ lua_concat(L, toget);
+ B->lvl = B->lvl - toget + 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B) {+ if (emptybuffer(B))
+ adjuststack(B);
+ return B->buffer;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l) {+ while (l--)
+ luaL_addchar(B, *s++);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) {+ luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) {+ emptybuffer(B);
+ lua_concat(B->L, B->lvl);
+ B->lvl = 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B) {+ lua_State *L = B->L;
+ size_t vl;
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &vl);
+ if (vl <= bufffree(B)) { /* fit into buffer? */+ memcpy(B->p, s, vl); /* put it there */
+ B->p += vl;
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */
+ }
+ else {+ if (emptybuffer(B))
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put buffer before new value */
+ B->lvl++; /* add new value into B stack */
+ adjuststack(B);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B) {+ B->L = L;
+ B->p = B->buffer;
+ B->lvl = 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {+ int ref;
+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */
+ return LUA_REFNIL; /* `nil' has a unique fixed reference */
+ }
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* get first free element */
+ ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1); /* ref = t[FREELIST_REF] */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove it from stack */
+ if (ref != 0) { /* any free element? */+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref); /* remove it from list */
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* (t[FREELIST_REF] = t[ref]) */
+ }
+ else { /* no free elements */+ ref = (int)lua_objlen(L, t);
+ ref++; /* create new reference */
+ }
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);
+ return ref;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {+ if (ref >= 0) {+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, FREELIST_REF);
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref); /* t[ref] = t[FREELIST_REF] */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ref);
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* t[FREELIST_REF] = ref */
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Load functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+typedef struct LoadF {+ int extraline;
+ FILE *f;
+ char buff[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];
+} LoadF;
+
+
+static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {+ LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud;
+ (void)L;
+ if (lf->extraline) {+ lf->extraline = 0;
+ *size = 1;
+ return "\n";
+ }
+ if (feof(lf->f)) return NULL;
+ *size = fread(lf->buff, 1, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, lf->f);
+ return (*size > 0) ? lf->buff : NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int errfile (lua_State *L, const char *what, int fnameindex) {+ const char *serr = strerror(errno);
+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1;
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr);
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+ return LUA_ERRFILE;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename) {+ LoadF lf;
+ int status, readstatus;
+ int c;
+ int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of filename on the stack */
+ lf.extraline = 0;
+ if (filename == NULL) {+ lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin");
+ lf.f = stdin;
+ }
+ else {+ lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename);
+ lf.f = fopen(filename, "r");
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+ }
+ c = getc(lf.f);
+ if (c == '#') { /* Unix exec. file? */+ lf.extraline = 1;
+ while ((c = getc(lf.f)) != EOF && c != '\n') ; /* skip first line */
+ if (c == '\n') c = getc(lf.f);
+ }
+ if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0] && lf.f != stdin) { /* binary file? */+ fclose(lf.f);
+ lf.f = fopen(filename, "rb"); /* reopen in binary mode */
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);
+ /* skip eventual `#!...' */
+ while ((c = getc(lf.f)) != EOF && c != LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) ;
+ lf.extraline = 0;
+ }
+ ungetc(c, lf.f);
+ status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ readstatus = ferror(lf.f);
+ if (lf.f != stdin) fclose(lf.f); /* close file (even in case of errors) */
+ if (readstatus) {+ lua_settop(L, fnameindex); /* ignore results from `lua_load' */
+ return errfile(L, "read", fnameindex);
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+typedef struct LoadS {+ const char *s;
+ size_t size;
+} LoadS;
+
+
+static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {+ LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud;
+ (void)L;
+ if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;
+ *size = ls->size;
+ ls->size = 0;
+ return ls->s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size,
+ const char *name) {+ LoadS ls;
+ ls.s = buff;
+ ls.size = size;
+ return lua_load(L, getS, &ls, name);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s) {+ return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s);
+}
+
+
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {+ (void)ud;
+ (void)osize;
+ if (nsize == 0) {+ free(ptr);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static int panic (lua_State *L) {+ (void)L; /* to avoid warnings */
+ fprintf(stderr, "PANIC: unprotected error in call to Lua API (%s)\n",
+ lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) {+ lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL);
+ if (L) lua_atpanic(L, &panic);
+ return L;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lauxlib.h
@@ -1,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:37 rrt Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lauxlib_h
+#define lauxlib_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GETN)
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getn) (lua_State *L, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setn) (lua_State *L, int t, int n);
+#else
+#define luaL_getn(L,i) ((int)lua_objlen(L, i))
+#define luaL_setn(L,i,j) ((void)0) /* no op! */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB)
+#define luaI_openlib luaL_openlib
+#endif
+
+
+/* extra error code for `luaL_load' */
+#define LUA_ERRFILE (LUA_ERRERR+1)
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Reg {+ const char *name;
+ lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaI_openlib) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_register) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_typerror) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int numarg, const char *extramsg);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+ size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+ const char *def, size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int nArg, lua_Number def);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int nArg,
+ lua_Integer def);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int narg);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_ref) (lua_State *L, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_unref) (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadfile) (lua_State *L, const char *filename);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadbuffer) (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz,
+ const char *name);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,
+ const char *r);
+
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_findtable) (lua_State *L, int idx,
+ const char *fname, int szhint);
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,numarg,extramsg) \
+ ((void)((cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (numarg), (extramsg))))
+#define luaL_checkstring(L,n) (luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL))
+#define luaL_optstring(L,n,d) (luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL))
+#define luaL_checkint(L,n) ((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optint(L,n,d) ((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+#define luaL_checklong(L,n) ((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d) ((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+
+#define luaL_typename(L,i) lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i)))
+
+#define luaL_dofile(L, fn) \
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, fn) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_dostring(L, s) \
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, s) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_getmetatable(L,n) (lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n)))
+
+#define luaL_opt(L,f,n,d) (lua_isnoneornil(L,(n)) ? (d) : f(L,(n)))
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer {+ char *p; /* current position in buffer */
+ int lvl; /* number of strings in the stack (level) */
+ lua_State *L;
+ char buffer[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];
+} luaL_Buffer;
+
+#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \
+ ((void)((B)->p < ((B)->buffer+LUAL_BUFFERSIZE) || luaL_prepbuffer(B)), \
+ (*(B)->p++ = (char)(c)))
+
+/* compatibility only */
+#define luaL_putchar(B,c) luaL_addchar(B,c)
+
+#define luaL_addsize(B,n) ((B)->p += (n))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffer) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addvalue) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresult) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/* compatibility with ref system */
+
+/* pre-defined references */
+#define LUA_NOREF (-2)
+#define LUA_REFNIL (-1)
+
+#define lua_ref(L,lock) ((lock) ? luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) : \
+ (lua_pushstring(L, "unlocked references are obsolete"), lua_error(L), 0))
+
+#define lua_unref(L,ref) luaL_unref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (ref))
+
+#define lua_getref(L,ref) lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (ref))
+
+
+#define luaL_reg luaL_Reg
+
+#endif
+
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lbaselib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,643 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:37 rrt Exp $
+** Basic library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lbaselib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** If your system does not support `stdout', you can just remove this function.
+** If you need, you can define your own `print' function, following this
+** model but changing `fputs' to put the strings at a proper place
+** (a console window or a log file, for instance).
+*/
+static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ int i;
+ lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {+ const char *s;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+ s = lua_tostring(L, -1); /* get result */
+ if (s == NULL)
+ return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to "+ LUA_QL("print"));+ if (i>1) fputs("\t", stdout);+ fputs(s, stdout);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
+ }
+ fputs("\n", stdout);+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {+ int base = luaL_optint(L, 2, 10);
+ if (base == 10) { /* standard conversion */+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, 1)) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, lua_tonumber(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else {+ const char *s1 = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ char *s2;
+ unsigned long n;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
+ n = strtoul(s1, &s2, base);
+ if (s1 != s2) { /* at least one valid digit? */+ while (isspace((unsigned char)(*s2))) s2++; /* skip trailing spaces */
+ if (*s2 == '\0') { /* no invalid trailing characters? */+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)n);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* else not a number */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {+ int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */+ luaL_where(L, level);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1; /* no metatable */
+ }
+ luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
+ return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
+ "nil or table expected");
+ if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))
+ luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void getfunc (lua_State *L) {+ if (lua_isfunction(L, 1)) lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ else {+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int level = luaL_optint(L, 1, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, level >= 0, 1, "level must be non-negative");
+ if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar) == 0)
+ luaL_argerror(L, 1, "invalid level");
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "no function environment for tail call at level %d",
+ level);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_getfenv (lua_State *L) {+ getfunc(L);
+ if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) /* is a C function? */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); /* return the thread's global env. */
+ else
+ lua_getfenv(L, -1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_setfenv (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
+ getfunc(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, 1) && lua_tonumber(L, 1) == 0) {+ /* change environment of current thread */
+ lua_pushthread(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_setfenv(L, -2);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else if (lua_iscfunction(L, -2) || lua_setfenv(L, -2) == 0)
+ luaL_error(L,
+ LUA_QL("setfenv") " cannot change environment of given object");+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_rawget(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+ lua_settop(L, 3);
+ lua_rawset(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_gcinfo (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_getgccount(L));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {+ static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",+ "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul", NULL};
+ static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,+ LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL};
+ int o = luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts);
+ int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);
+ int res = lua_gc(L, optsnum[o], ex);
+ switch (optsnum[o]) {+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {+ int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: {+ lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ default: {+ lua_pushnumber(L, res);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
+ if (lua_next(L, 1))
+ return 2;
+ else {+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* and initial value */
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i++; /* next value */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 0 : 2;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status) {+ if (status == 0) /* OK? */
+ return 1;
+ else {+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */
+ return 2; /* return nil plus error message */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_loadstring (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
+ return load_aux(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, l, chunkname));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ return load_aux(L, luaL_loadfile(L, fname));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the
+** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
+** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
+** reserved slot inside the stack.
+*/
+static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {+ (void)ud; /* to avoid warnings */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */
+ lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {+ *size = 0;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) {+ lua_replace(L, 3); /* save string in a reserved stack slot */
+ return lua_tolstring(L, 3, size);
+ }
+ else luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
+ return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {+ int status;
+ const char *cname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 3); /* function, eventual name, plus one reserved slot */
+ status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, cname);
+ return load_aux(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ int n = lua_gettop(L);
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != 0) lua_error(L);
+ lua_call(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
+ return lua_gettop(L) - n;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));
+ return lua_gettop(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_unpack (lua_State *L) {+ int i, e, n;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
+ e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_getn(L, 1));
+ n = e - i + 1; /* number of elements */
+ if (n <= 0) return 0; /* empty range */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, n, "table too big to unpack");
+ for (; i<=e; i++) /* push arg[i...e] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {+ int n = lua_gettop(L);
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {+ lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ if (i < 0) i = n + i;
+ else if (i > n) i = n;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
+ return n - i;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {+ int status;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ status = lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L) - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 0);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
+ lua_insert(L, 1);
+ return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {+ int status;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_insert(L, 1); /* put error function under function to be called */
+ status = lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 1);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
+ lua_replace(L, 1);
+ return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring")) /* is there a metafield? */
+ return 1; /* use its value */
+ switch (lua_type(L, 1)) {+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_tostring(L, 1));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? "true" : "false"));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
+ break;
+ default:
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", luaL_typename(L, 1), lua_topointer(L, 1));
+ break;
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_newproxy (lua_State *L) {+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ lua_newuserdata(L, 0); /* create proxy */
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, 1) == 0)
+ return 1; /* no metatable */
+ else if (lua_isboolean(L, 1)) {+ lua_newtable(L); /* create a new metatable `m' ... */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* ... and mark `m' as a valid metatable */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ lua_rawset(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* weaktable[m] = true */
+ }
+ else {+ int validproxy = 0; /* to check if weaktable[metatable(u)] == true */
+ if (lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {+ lua_rawget(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ validproxy = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+ }
+ luaL_argcheck(L, validproxy, 1, "boolean or proxy expected");
+ lua_getmetatable(L, 1); /* metatable is valid; get it */
+ }
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 2);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {+ {"assert", luaB_assert},+ {"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},+ {"dofile", luaB_dofile},+ {"error", luaB_error},+ {"gcinfo", luaB_gcinfo},+ {"getfenv", luaB_getfenv},+ {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},+ {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},+ {"load", luaB_load},+ {"loadstring", luaB_loadstring},+ {"next", luaB_next},+ {"pcall", luaB_pcall},+ {"print", luaB_print},+ {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},+ {"rawget", luaB_rawget},+ {"rawset", luaB_rawset},+ {"select", luaB_select},+ {"setfenv", luaB_setfenv},+ {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},+ {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},+ {"tostring", luaB_tostring},+ {"type", luaB_type},+ {"unpack", luaB_unpack},+ {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Coroutine library
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {+ int status;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg))
+ luaL_error(L, "too many arguments to resume");
+ if (lua_status(co) == 0 && lua_gettop(co) == 0) {+ lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine");
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
+ status = lua_resume(co, narg);
+ if (status == 0 || status == LUA_YIELD) {+ int nres = lua_gettop(co);
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres))
+ luaL_error(L, "too many results to resume");
+ lua_xmove(co, L, nres); /* move yielded values */
+ return nres;
+ }
+ else {+ lua_xmove(co, L, 1); /* move error message */
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ int r;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
+ if (r < 0) {+ lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ return 2; /* return false + error message */
+ }
+ else {+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
+ return r + 1; /* return true + `resume' returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
+ if (r < 0) {+ if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { /* error object is a string? */+ luaL_where(L, 1); /* add extra info */
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ lua_error(L); /* propagate error */
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {+ lua_State *NL = lua_newthread(L);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, lua_isfunction(L, 1) && !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1,
+ "Lua function expected");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* move function to top */
+ lua_xmove(L, NL, 1); /* move function from L to NL */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {+ luaB_cocreate(L);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {+ return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ if (L == co) lua_pushliteral(L, "running");
+ else {+ switch (lua_status(co)) {+ case LUA_YIELD:
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended");
+ break;
+ case 0: {+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0) /* does it have frames? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "normal"); /* it is running */
+ else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
+ else
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended"); /* initial state */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: /* some error occured */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {+ if (lua_pushthread(L))
+ return 0; /* main thread is not a coroutine */
+ else
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {+ {"create", luaB_cocreate},+ {"resume", luaB_coresume},+ {"running", luaB_corunning},+ {"status", luaB_costatus},+ {"wrap", luaB_cowrap},+ {"yield", luaB_yield},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void auxopen (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+ lua_CFunction f, lua_CFunction u) {+ lua_pushcfunction(L, u);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, f, 1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, name);
+}
+
+
+static void base_open (lua_State *L) {+ /* set global _G */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
+ lua_setglobal(L, "_G");
+ /* open lib into global table */
+ luaL_register(L, "_G", base_funcs);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
+ lua_setglobal(L, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */
+ /* `ipairs' and `pairs' need auxliliary functions as upvalues */
+ auxopen(L, "ipairs", luaB_ipairs, ipairsaux);
+ auxopen(L, "pairs", luaB_pairs, luaB_next);
+ /* `newproxy' needs a weaktable as upvalue */
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* new table `w' */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `w' will be its own metatable */
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "kv");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(w).__mode = "kv" */
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_newproxy, 1);
+ lua_setglobal(L, "newproxy"); /* set global `newproxy' */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {+ base_open(L);
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_COLIBNAME, co_funcs);
+ return 2;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lcode.c
@@ -1,0 +1,823 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:37 rrt Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define lcode_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+#define hasjumps(e) ((e)->t != (e)->f)
+
+
+static int isnumeral(expdesc *e) {+ return (e->k == VKNUM && e->t == NO_JUMP && e->f == NO_JUMP);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n) {+ Instruction *previous;
+ if (fs->pc > fs->lasttarget) { /* no jumps to current position? */+ if (fs->pc == 0) /* function start? */
+ return; /* positions are already clean */
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*(previous = &fs->f->code[fs->pc-1])) == OP_LOADNIL) {+ int pfrom = GETARG_A(*previous);
+ int pto = GETARG_B(*previous);
+ if (pfrom <= from && from <= pto+1) { /* can connect both? */+ if (from+n-1 > pto)
+ SETARG_B(*previous, from+n-1);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADNIL, from, from+n-1, 0); /* else no optimization */
+}
+
+
+int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs) {+ int jpc = fs->jpc; /* save list of jumps to here */
+ int j;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ j = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_JMP, 0, NO_JUMP);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &j, jpc); /* keep them on hold */
+ return j;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) {+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_RETURN, first, nret+1, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int condjump (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int A, int B, int C) {+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, A, B, C);
+ return luaK_jump(fs);
+}
+
+
+static void fixjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest) {+ Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ int offset = dest-(pc+1);
+ lua_assert(dest != NO_JUMP);
+ if (abs(offset) > MAXARG_sBx)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+ SETARG_sBx(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns current `pc' and marks it as a jump target (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations with consecutive instructions not in the same basic block).
+*/
+int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs) {+ fs->lasttarget = fs->pc;
+ return fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int getjump (FuncState *fs, int pc) {+ int offset = GETARG_sBx(fs->f->code[pc]);
+ if (offset == NO_JUMP) /* point to itself represents end of list */
+ return NO_JUMP; /* end of list */
+ else
+ return (pc+1)+offset; /* turn offset into absolute position */
+}
+
+
+static Instruction *getjumpcontrol (FuncState *fs, int pc) {+ Instruction *pi = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ if (pc >= 1 && testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*(pi-1))))
+ return pi-1;
+ else
+ return pi;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether list has any jump that do not produce a value
+** (or produce an inverted value)
+*/
+static int need_value (FuncState *fs, int list) {+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) {+ Instruction i = *getjumpcontrol(fs, list);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_TESTSET) return 1;
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int patchtestreg (FuncState *fs, int node, int reg) {+ Instruction *i = getjumpcontrol(fs, node);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*i) != OP_TESTSET)
+ return 0; /* cannot patch other instructions */
+ if (reg != NO_REG && reg != GETARG_B(*i))
+ SETARG_A(*i, reg);
+ else /* no register to put value or register already has the value */
+ *i = CREATE_ABC(OP_TEST, GETARG_B(*i), 0, GETARG_C(*i));
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void removevalues (FuncState *fs, int list) {+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list))
+ patchtestreg(fs, list, NO_REG);
+}
+
+
+static void patchlistaux (FuncState *fs, int list, int vtarget, int reg,
+ int dtarget) {+ while (list != NO_JUMP) {+ int next = getjump(fs, list);
+ if (patchtestreg(fs, list, reg))
+ fixjump(fs, list, vtarget);
+ else
+ fixjump(fs, list, dtarget); /* jump to default target */
+ list = next;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void dischargejpc (FuncState *fs) {+ patchlistaux(fs, fs->jpc, fs->pc, NO_REG, fs->pc);
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target) {+ if (target == fs->pc)
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, list);
+ else {+ lua_assert(target < fs->pc);
+ patchlistaux(fs, list, target, NO_REG, target);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list) {+ luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &fs->jpc, list);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2) {+ if (l2 == NO_JUMP) return;
+ else if (*l1 == NO_JUMP)
+ *l1 = l2;
+ else {+ int list = *l1;
+ int next;
+ while ((next = getjump(fs, list)) != NO_JUMP) /* find last element */
+ list = next;
+ fixjump(fs, list, l2);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {+ int newstack = fs->freereg + n;
+ if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) {+ if (newstack >= MAXSTACK)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "function or expression too complex");
+ fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) {+ luaK_checkstack(fs, n);
+ fs->freereg += n;
+}
+
+
+static void freereg (FuncState *fs, int reg) {+ if (!ISK(reg) && reg >= fs->nactvar) {+ fs->freereg--;
+ lua_assert(reg == fs->freereg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeexp (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC)
+ freereg(fs, e->u.s.info);
+}
+
+
+static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *k, TValue *v) {+ lua_State *L = fs->L;
+ TValue *idx = luaH_set(L, fs->h, k);
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizek;
+ if (ttisnumber(idx)) {+ lua_assert(luaO_rawequalObj(&fs->f->k[cast_int(nvalue(idx))], v));
+ return cast_int(nvalue(idx));
+ }
+ else { /* constant not found; create a new entry */+ setnvalue(idx, cast_num(fs->nk));
+ luaM_growvector(L, f->k, fs->nk, f->sizek, TValue,
+ MAXARG_Bx, "constant table overflow");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
+ setobj(L, &f->k[fs->nk], v);
+ luaC_barrier(L, f, v);
+ return fs->nk++;
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {+ TValue o;
+ setsvalue(fs->L, &o, s);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {+ TValue o;
+ setnvalue(&o, r);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+static int boolK (FuncState *fs, int b) {+ TValue o;
+ setbvalue(&o, b);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+static int nilK (FuncState *fs) {+ TValue k, v;
+ setnilvalue(&v);
+ /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */
+ sethvalue(fs->L, &k, fs->h);
+ return addk(fs, &k, &v);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ SETARG_A(getcode(fs, e), fs->freereg);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ e->u.s.info = GETARG_A(getcode(fs, e));
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), 2);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE; /* can relocate its simple result */
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ switch (e->k) {+ case VLOCAL: {+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, 0, e->u.s.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VGLOBAL: {+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_GETGLOBAL, 0, e->u.s.info);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {+ freereg(fs, e->u.s.aux);
+ freereg(fs, e->u.s.info);
+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABLE, 0, e->u.s.info, e->u.s.aux);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VVARARG:
+ case VCALL: {+ luaK_setoneret(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break; /* there is one value available (somewhere) */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int code_label (FuncState *fs, int A, int b, int jump) {+ luaK_getlabel(fs); /* those instructions may be jump targets */
+ return luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, A, b, jump);
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {+ case VNIL: {+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VFALSE: case VTRUE: {+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, reg, e->k == VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: {+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, e->u.s.info);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VKNUM: {+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval));
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE: {+ Instruction *pc = &getcode(fs, e);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, reg);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VNONRELOC: {+ if (reg != e->u.s.info)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, reg, e->u.s.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ lua_assert(e->k == VVOID || e->k == VJMP);
+ return; /* nothing to do... */
+ }
+ }
+ e->u.s.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ if (e->k != VNONRELOC) {+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ discharge2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg-1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void exp2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {+ discharge2reg(fs, e, reg);
+ if (e->k == VJMP)
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, e->u.s.info); /* put this jump in `t' list */
+ if (hasjumps(e)) {+ int final; /* position after whole expression */
+ int p_f = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD false */
+ int p_t = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD true */
+ if (need_value(fs, e->t) || need_value(fs, e->f)) {+ int fj = (e->k == VJMP) ? NO_JUMP : luaK_jump(fs);
+ p_f = code_label(fs, reg, 0, 1);
+ p_t = code_label(fs, reg, 1, 0);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, fj);
+ }
+ final = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->f, final, reg, p_f);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->t, final, reg, p_t);
+ }
+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->u.s.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ exp2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC) {+ if (!hasjumps(e)) return e->u.s.info; /* exp is already in a register */
+ if (e->u.s.info >= fs->nactvar) { /* reg. is not a local? */+ exp2reg(fs, e, e->u.s.info); /* put value on it */
+ return e->u.s.info;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* default */
+ return e->u.s.info;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ if (hasjumps(e))
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ else
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {+ case VKNUM:
+ case VTRUE:
+ case VFALSE:
+ case VNIL: {+ if (fs->nk <= MAXINDEXRK) { /* constant fit in RK operand? */+ e->u.s.info = (e->k == VNIL) ? nilK(fs) :
+ (e->k == VKNUM) ? luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval) :
+ boolK(fs, (e->k == VTRUE));
+ e->k = VK;
+ return RKASK(e->u.s.info);
+ }
+ else break;
+ }
+ case VK: {+ if (e->u.s.info <= MAXINDEXRK) /* constant fit in argC? */
+ return RKASK(e->u.s.info);
+ else break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ /* not a constant in the right range: put it in a register */
+ return luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {+ switch (var->k) {+ case VLOCAL: {+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+ exp2reg(fs, ex, var->u.s.info);
+ return;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {+ int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETUPVAL, e, var->u.s.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VGLOBAL: {+ int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_SETGLOBAL, e, var->u.s.info);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {+ int e = luaK_exp2RK(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, var->u.s.info, var->u.s.aux, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ lua_assert(0); /* invalid var kind to store */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {+ int func;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ func = fs->freereg;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SELF, func, e->u.s.info, luaK_exp2RK(fs, key));
+ freeexp(fs, key);
+ e->u.s.info = func;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+static void invertjump (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ Instruction *pc = getjumpcontrol(fs, e->u.s.info);
+ lua_assert(testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*pc)) && GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TESTSET &&
+ GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TEST);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, !(GETARG_A(*pc)));
+}
+
+
+static int jumponcond (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int cond) {+ if (e->k == VRELOCABLE) {+ Instruction ie = getcode(fs, e);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(ie) == OP_NOT) {+ fs->pc--; /* remove previous OP_NOT */
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TEST, GETARG_B(ie), 0, !cond);
+ }
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TESTSET, NO_REG, e->u.s.info, cond);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always true; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ case VFALSE: {+ pc = luaK_jump(fs); /* always jump */
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ pc = e->u.s.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->f, pc); /* insert last jump in `f' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->t);
+ e->t = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+static void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always false; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ case VTRUE: {+ pc = luaK_jump(fs); /* always jump */
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {+ pc = e->u.s.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, pc); /* insert last jump in `t' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->f);
+ e->f = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {+ e->k = VTRUE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {+ e->k = VFALSE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE:
+ case VNONRELOC: {+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NOT, 0, e->u.s.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ /* interchange true and false lists */
+ { int temp = e->f; e->f = e->t; e->t = temp; }+ removevalues(fs, e->f);
+ removevalues(fs, e->t);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) {+ t->u.s.aux = luaK_exp2RK(fs, k);
+ t->k = VINDEXED;
+}
+
+
+static int constfolding (OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {+ lua_Number v1, v2, r;
+ if (!isnumeral(e1) || !isnumeral(e2)) return 0;
+ v1 = e1->u.nval;
+ v2 = e2->u.nval;
+ switch (op) {+ case OP_ADD: r = luai_numadd(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_SUB: r = luai_numsub(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_MUL: r = luai_nummul(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_DIV:
+ if (v2 == 0) return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */
+ r = luai_numdiv(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_MOD:
+ if (v2 == 0) return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */
+ r = luai_nummod(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_POW: r = luai_numpow(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_UNM: r = luai_numunm(v1); break;
+ case OP_LEN: return 0; /* no constant folding for 'len' */
+ default: lua_assert(0); r = 0; break;
+ }
+ if (luai_numisnan(r)) return 0; /* do not attempt to produce NaN */
+ e1->u.nval = r;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void codearith (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {+ if (constfolding(op, e1, e2))
+ return;
+ else {+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ int o2 = (op != OP_UNM && op != OP_LEN) ? luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2) : 0;
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ e1->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void codecomp (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int cond, expdesc *e1,
+ expdesc *e2) {+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ int o2 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ if (cond == 0 && op != OP_EQ) {+ int temp; /* exchange args to replace by `<' or `<=' */
+ temp = o1; o1 = o2; o2 = temp; /* o1 <==> o2 */
+ cond = 1;
+ }
+ e1->u.s.info = condjump(fs, op, cond, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *e) {+ expdesc e2;
+ e2.t = e2.f = NO_JUMP; e2.k = VKNUM; e2.u.nval = 0;
+ switch (op) {+ case OPR_MINUS: {+ if (e->k == VK)
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on non-numeric constants */
+ codearith(fs, OP_UNM, e, &e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_NOT: codenot(fs, e); break;
+ case OPR_LEN: {+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on constants */
+ codearith(fs, OP_LEN, e, &e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v) {+ switch (op) {+ case OPR_AND: {+ luaK_goiftrue(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {+ luaK_goiffalse(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); /* operand must be on the `stack' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ if (!isnumeral(v)) luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {+ switch (op) {+ case OPR_AND: {+ lua_assert(e1->t == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->f, e1->f);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {+ lua_assert(e1->f == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->t, e1->t);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e2);
+ if (e2->k == VRELOCABLE && GET_OPCODE(getcode(fs, e2)) == OP_CONCAT) {+ lua_assert(e1->u.s.info == GETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2))-1);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2), e1->u.s.info);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE; e1->u.s.info = e2->u.s.info;
+ }
+ else {+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e2); /* operand must be on the 'stack' */
+ codearith(fs, OP_CONCAT, e1, e2);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_ADD: codearith(fs, OP_ADD, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_SUB: codearith(fs, OP_SUB, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_MUL: codearith(fs, OP_MUL, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_DIV: codearith(fs, OP_DIV, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_MOD: codearith(fs, OP_MOD, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_POW: codearith(fs, OP_POW, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_EQ: codecomp(fs, OP_EQ, 1, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_NE: codecomp(fs, OP_EQ, 0, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_LT: codecomp(fs, OP_LT, 1, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_LE: codecomp(fs, OP_LE, 1, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_GT: codecomp(fs, OP_LT, 0, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_GE: codecomp(fs, OP_LE, 0, e1, e2); break;
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) {+ fs->f->lineinfo[fs->pc - 1] = line;
+}
+
+
+static int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i, int line) {+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ dischargejpc(fs); /* `pc' will change */
+ /* put new instruction in code array */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction,
+ MAX_INT, "code size overflow");
+ f->code[fs->pc] = i;
+ /* save corresponding line information */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->lineinfo, fs->pc, f->sizelineinfo, int,
+ MAX_INT, "code size overflow");
+ f->lineinfo[fs->pc] = line;
+ return fs->pc++;
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c) {+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC);
+ lua_assert(getBMode(o) != OpArgN || b == 0);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) != OpArgN || c == 0);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABC(o, a, b, c), fs->ls->lastline);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) {+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx || getOpMode(o) == iAsBx);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) == OpArgN);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc), fs->ls->lastline);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) {+ int c = (nelems - 1)/LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH + 1;
+ int b = (tostore == LUA_MULTRET) ? 0 : tostore;
+ lua_assert(tostore != 0);
+ if (c <= MAXARG_C)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, c);
+ else {+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, 0);
+ luaK_code(fs, cast(Instruction, c), fs->ls->lastline);
+ }
+ fs->freereg = base + 1; /* free registers with list values */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lcode.h
@@ -1,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lcode_h
+#define lcode_h
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Marks the end of a patch list. It is an invalid value both as an absolute
+** address, and as a list link (would link an element to itself).
+*/
+#define NO_JUMP (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums
+*/
+typedef enum BinOpr {+ OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_DIV, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+ OPR_CONCAT,
+ OPR_NE, OPR_EQ,
+ OPR_LT, OPR_LE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE,
+ OPR_AND, OPR_OR,
+ OPR_NOBINOPR
+} BinOpr;
+
+
+typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;+
+
+#define getcode(fs,e) ((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.s.info])
+
+#define luaK_codeAsBx(fs,o,A,sBx) luaK_codeABx(fs,o,A,(sBx)+MAXARG_sBx)
+
+#define luaK_setmultret(fs,e) luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1, expdesc *v2);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ldblib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** Interface from Lua to its debug API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ldblib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {+ lua_pushnil(L); /* no metatable */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
+ "nil or table expected");
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, lua_setmetatable(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getfenv (lua_State *L) {+ lua_getfenv(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setfenv (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ if (lua_setfenv(L, 1) == 0)
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("setfenv")+ " cannot change environment of given object");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *i, const char *v) {+ lua_pushstring(L, v);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
+}
+
+
+static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {+ lua_pushinteger(L, v);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
+}
+
+
+static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {+ if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) {+ *arg = 1;
+ return lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ }
+ else {+ *arg = 0;
+ return L;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) {+ if (L == L1) {+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_remove(L, -3);
+ }
+ else
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);
+}
+
+
+static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnSu");
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+1)) {+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+1), &ar)) {+ lua_pushnil(L); /* level out of range */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (lua_isfunction(L, arg+1)) {+ lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);
+ options = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "function or level expected");
+ if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar))
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option");
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);
+ if (strchr(options, 'S')) {+ settabss(L, "source", ar.source);
+ settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src);
+ settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined);
+ settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined);
+ settabss(L, "what", ar.what);
+ }
+ if (strchr(options, 'l'))
+ settabsi(L, "currentline", ar.currentline);
+ if (strchr(options, 'u'))
+ settabsi(L, "nups", ar.nups);
+ if (strchr(options, 'n')) {+ settabss(L, "name", ar.name);
+ settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);
+ }
+ if (strchr(options, 'L'))
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");
+ if (strchr(options, 'f'))
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "func");
+ return 1; /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ const char *name;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+ name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2));
+ if (name) {+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ return 2;
+ }
+ else {+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) {+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+ luaL_checkany(L, arg+3);
+ lua_settop(L, arg+3);
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) {+ const char *name;
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ if (lua_iscfunction(L, 1)) return 0; /* cannot touch C upvalues from Lua */
+ name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n);
+ if (name == NULL) return 0;
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_insert(L, -(get+1));
+ return get + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getupvalue (lua_State *L) {+ return auxupvalue(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+ return auxupvalue(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+
+static const char KEY_HOOK = 'h';
+
+
+static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {+ static const char *const hooknames[] =
+ {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail return"};+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK);
+ lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, L);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {+ lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);
+ if (ar->currentline >= 0)
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);
+ else lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar));
+ lua_call(L, 2, 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {+ int mask = 0;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'r')) mask |= LUA_MASKRET;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'l')) mask |= LUA_MASKLINE;
+ if (count > 0) mask |= LUA_MASKCOUNT;
+ return mask;
+}
+
+
+static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) {+ int i = 0;
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c';
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKRET) smask[i++] = 'r';
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) smask[i++] = 'l';
+ smask[i] = '\0';
+ return smask;
+}
+
+
+static void gethooktable (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK);
+ lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) {+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_rawset(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) {+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {+ lua_settop(L, arg+1);
+ lua_sethook(L1, NULL, 0, 0); /* turn off hooks */
+ }
+ else {+ const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2);
+ int count = luaL_optint(L, arg+3, 0);
+ luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_sethook(L1, hookf, makemask(smask, count), count);
+ }
+ gethooktable(L1);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L1, L1);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+ lua_rawset(L1, -3); /* set new hook */
+ lua_pop(L1, 1); /* remove hook table */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ char buff[5];
+ int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1);
+ lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1);
+ if (hook != NULL && hook != hookf) /* external hook? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook");
+ else {+ gethooktable(L1);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L1, L1);
+ lua_rawget(L1, -2); /* get hook */
+ lua_remove(L1, -2); /* remove hook table */
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {+ for (;;) {+ char buffer[250];
+ fputs("lua_debug> ", stderr);+ if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == 0 ||
+ strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)
+ return 0;
+ if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||
+ lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0)) {+ fputs(lua_tostring(L, -1), stderr);
+ fputs("\n", stderr);+ }
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* remove eventual returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define LEVELS1 12 /* size of the first part of the stack */
+#define LEVELS2 10 /* size of the second part of the stack */
+
+static int db_errorfb (lua_State *L) {+ int level;
+ int firstpart = 1; /* still before eventual `...' */
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+2)) {+ level = (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ level = (L == L1) ? 1 : 0; /* level 0 may be this own function */
+ if (lua_gettop(L) == arg)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, arg+1)) return 1; /* message is not a string */
+ else lua_pushliteral(L, "\n");
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:");
+ while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {+ if (level > LEVELS1 && firstpart) {+ /* no more than `LEVELS2' more levels? */
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, level+LEVELS2, &ar))
+ level--; /* keep going */
+ else {+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t..."); /* too many levels */
+ while (lua_getstack(L1, level+LEVELS2, &ar)) /* find last levels */
+ level++;
+ }
+ firstpart = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t");
+ lua_getinfo(L1, "Snl", &ar);
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:", ar.short_src);
+ if (ar.currentline > 0)
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline);
+ if (*ar.namewhat != '\0') /* is there a name? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, " in function " LUA_QS, ar.name);
+ else {+ if (*ar.what == 'm') /* main? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, " in main chunk");
+ else if (*ar.what == 'C' || *ar.what == 't')
+ lua_pushliteral(L, " ?"); /* C function or tail call */
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, " in function <%s:%d>",
+ ar.short_src, ar.linedefined);
+ }
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - arg);
+ }
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - arg);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {+ {"debug", db_debug},+ {"getfenv", db_getfenv},+ {"gethook", db_gethook},+ {"getinfo", db_getinfo},+ {"getlocal", db_getlocal},+ {"getregistry", db_getregistry},+ {"getmetatable", db_getmetatable},+ {"getupvalue", db_getupvalue},+ {"setfenv", db_setfenv},+ {"sethook", db_sethook},+ {"setlocal", db_setlocal},+ {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable},+ {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue},+ {"traceback", db_errorfb},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_debug (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_register(L, LUA_DBLIBNAME, dblib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ldebug.c
@@ -1,0 +1,620 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** Debug Interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define ldebug_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name);
+
+
+static int currentpc (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {+ if (!isLua(ci)) return -1; /* function is not a Lua function? */
+ if (ci == L->ci)
+ ci->savedpc = L->savedpc;
+ return pcRel(ci->savedpc, ci_func(ci)->l.p);
+}
+
+
+static int currentline (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {+ int pc = currentpc(L, ci);
+ if (pc < 0)
+ return -1; /* only active lua functions have current-line information */
+ else
+ return getline(ci_func(ci)->l.p, pc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function can be called asynchronous (e.g. during a signal)
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) {+ if (func == NULL || mask == 0) { /* turn off hooks? */+ mask = 0;
+ func = NULL;
+ }
+ L->hook = func;
+ L->basehookcount = count;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) {+ return L->hook;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) {+ return L->hookmask;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) {+ return L->basehookcount;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) {+ int status;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci > L->base_ci; ci--) {+ level--;
+ if (f_isLua(ci)) /* Lua function? */
+ level -= ci->tailcalls; /* skip lost tail calls */
+ }
+ if (level == 0 && ci > L->base_ci) { /* level found? */+ status = 1;
+ ar->i_ci = cast_int(ci - L->base_ci);
+ }
+ else if (level < 0) { /* level is of a lost tail call? */+ status = 1;
+ ar->i_ci = 0;
+ }
+ else status = 0; /* no such level */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static Proto *getluaproto (CallInfo *ci) {+ return (isLua(ci) ? ci_func(ci)->l.p : NULL);
+}
+
+
+static const char *findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n) {+ const char *name;
+ Proto *fp = getluaproto(ci);
+ if (fp && (name = luaF_getlocalname(fp, n, currentpc(L, ci))) != NULL)
+ return name; /* is a local variable in a Lua function */
+ else {+ StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top : (ci+1)->func;
+ if (limit - ci->base >= n && n > 0) /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */
+ return "(*temporary)";
+ else
+ return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {+ CallInfo *ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci;
+ const char *name = findlocal(L, ci, n);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (name)
+ luaA_pushobject(L, ci->base + (n - 1));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {+ CallInfo *ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci;
+ const char *name = findlocal(L, ci, n);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (name)
+ setobjs2s(L, ci->base + (n - 1), L->top - 1);
+ L->top--; /* pop value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) {+ if (cl->c.isC) {+ ar->source = "=[C]";
+ ar->linedefined = -1;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = -1;
+ ar->what = "C";
+ }
+ else {+ ar->source = getstr(cl->l.p->source);
+ ar->linedefined = cl->l.p->linedefined;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = cl->l.p->lastlinedefined;
+ ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua";
+ }
+ luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE);
+}
+
+
+static void info_tailcall (lua_Debug *ar) {+ ar->name = ar->namewhat = "";
+ ar->what = "tail";
+ ar->lastlinedefined = ar->linedefined = ar->currentline = -1;
+ ar->source = "=(tail call)";
+ luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE);
+ ar->nups = 0;
+}
+
+
+static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {+ if (f == NULL || f->c.isC) {+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ }
+ else {+ Table *t = luaH_new(L, 0, 0);
+ int *lineinfo = f->l.p->lineinfo;
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<f->l.p->sizelineinfo; i++)
+ setbvalue(luaH_setnum(L, t, lineinfo[i]), 1);
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, t);
+ }
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
+ Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) {+ int status = 1;
+ if (f == NULL) {+ info_tailcall(ar);
+ return status;
+ }
+ for (; *what; what++) {+ switch (*what) {+ case 'S': {+ funcinfo(ar, f);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {+ ar->currentline = (ci) ? currentline(L, ci) : -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'u': {+ ar->nups = f->c.nupvalues;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'n': {+ ar->namewhat = (ci) ? getfuncname(L, ci, &ar->name) : NULL;
+ if (ar->namewhat == NULL) {+ ar->namewhat = ""; /* not found */
+ ar->name = NULL;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'L':
+ case 'f': /* handled by lua_getinfo */
+ break;
+ default: status = 0; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) {+ int status;
+ Closure *f = NULL;
+ CallInfo *ci = NULL;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (*what == '>') {+ StkId func = L->top - 1;
+ luai_apicheck(L, ttisfunction(func));
+ what++; /* skip the '>' */
+ f = clvalue(func);
+ L->top--; /* pop function */
+ }
+ else if (ar->i_ci != 0) { /* no tail call? */+ ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci;
+ lua_assert(ttisfunction(ci->func));
+ f = clvalue(ci->func);
+ }
+ status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, f, ci);
+ if (strchr(what, 'f')) {+ if (f == NULL) setnilvalue(L->top);
+ else setclvalue(L, L->top, f);
+ incr_top(L);
+ }
+ if (strchr(what, 'L'))
+ collectvalidlines(L, f);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Symbolic Execution and code checker
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#define check(x) if (!(x)) return 0;
+
+#define checkjump(pt,pc) check(0 <= pc && pc < pt->sizecode)
+
+#define checkreg(pt,reg) check((reg) < (pt)->maxstacksize)
+
+
+
+static int precheck (const Proto *pt) {+ check(pt->maxstacksize <= MAXSTACK);
+ lua_assert(pt->numparams+(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG) <= pt->maxstacksize);
+ lua_assert(!(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG) ||
+ (pt->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG));
+ check(pt->sizeupvalues <= pt->nups);
+ check(pt->sizelineinfo == pt->sizecode || pt->sizelineinfo == 0);
+ check(GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pt->sizecode-1]) == OP_RETURN);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+#define checkopenop(pt,pc) luaG_checkopenop((pt)->code[(pc)+1])
+
+int luaG_checkopenop (Instruction i) {+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL:
+ case OP_RETURN:
+ case OP_SETLIST: {+ check(GETARG_B(i) == 0);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ default: return 0; /* invalid instruction after an open call */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int checkArgMode (const Proto *pt, int r, enum OpArgMask mode) {+ switch (mode) {+ case OpArgN: check(r == 0); break;
+ case OpArgU: break;
+ case OpArgR: checkreg(pt, r); break;
+ case OpArgK:
+ check(ISK(r) ? INDEXK(r) < pt->sizek : r < pt->maxstacksize);
+ break;
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static Instruction symbexec (const Proto *pt, int lastpc, int reg) {+ int pc;
+ int last; /* stores position of last instruction that changed `reg' */
+ last = pt->sizecode-1; /* points to final return (a `neutral' instruction) */
+ check(precheck(pt));
+ for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) {+ Instruction i = pt->code[pc];
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ int b = 0;
+ int c = 0;
+ check(op < NUM_OPCODES);
+ checkreg(pt, a);
+ switch (getOpMode(op)) {+ case iABC: {+ b = GETARG_B(i);
+ c = GETARG_C(i);
+ check(checkArgMode(pt, b, getBMode(op)));
+ check(checkArgMode(pt, c, getCMode(op)));
+ break;
+ }
+ case iABx: {+ b = GETARG_Bx(i);
+ if (getBMode(op) == OpArgK) check(b < pt->sizek);
+ break;
+ }
+ case iAsBx: {+ b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+ if (getBMode(op) == OpArgR) {+ int dest = pc+1+b;
+ check(0 <= dest && dest < pt->sizecode);
+ if (dest > 0) {+ /* cannot jump to a setlist count */
+ Instruction d = pt->code[dest-1];
+ check(!(GET_OPCODE(d) == OP_SETLIST && GETARG_C(d) == 0));
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (testAMode(op)) {+ if (a == reg) last = pc; /* change register `a' */
+ }
+ if (testTMode(op)) {+ check(pc+2 < pt->sizecode); /* check skip */
+ check(GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc+1]) == OP_JMP);
+ }
+ switch (op) {+ case OP_LOADBOOL: {+ check(c == 0 || pc+2 < pt->sizecode); /* check its jump */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADNIL: {+ if (a <= reg && reg <= b)
+ last = pc; /* set registers from `a' to `b' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL:
+ case OP_SETUPVAL: {+ check(b < pt->nups);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETGLOBAL:
+ case OP_SETGLOBAL: {+ check(ttisstring(&pt->k[b]));
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {+ checkreg(pt, a+1);
+ if (reg == a+1) last = pc;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CONCAT: {+ check(b < c); /* at least two operands */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORLOOP: {+ check(c >= 1); /* at least one result (control variable) */
+ checkreg(pt, a+2+c); /* space for results */
+ if (reg >= a+2) last = pc; /* affect all regs above its base */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_FORLOOP:
+ case OP_FORPREP:
+ checkreg(pt, a+3);
+ /* go through */
+ case OP_JMP: {+ int dest = pc+1+b;
+ /* not full check and jump is forward and do not skip `lastpc'? */
+ if (reg != NO_REG && pc < dest && dest <= lastpc)
+ pc += b; /* do the jump */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL: {+ if (b != 0) {+ checkreg(pt, a+b-1);
+ }
+ c--; /* c = num. returns */
+ if (c == LUA_MULTRET) {+ check(checkopenop(pt, pc));
+ }
+ else if (c != 0)
+ checkreg(pt, a+c-1);
+ if (reg >= a) last = pc; /* affect all registers above base */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_RETURN: {+ b--; /* b = num. returns */
+ if (b > 0) checkreg(pt, a+b-1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_SETLIST: {+ if (b > 0) checkreg(pt, a + b);
+ if (c == 0) pc++;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CLOSURE: {+ int nup;
+ check(b < pt->sizep);
+ nup = pt->p[b]->nups;
+ check(pc + nup < pt->sizecode);
+ for (; nup>0; nup--) {+ OpCode op1 = GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc+nup]);
+ check(op1 == OP_GETUPVAL || op1 == OP_MOVE);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_VARARG: {+ check((pt->is_vararg & VARARG_ISVARARG) &&
+ !(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG));
+ b--;
+ if (b == LUA_MULTRET) check(checkopenop(pt, pc));
+ checkreg(pt, a+b-1);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return pt->code[last];
+}
+
+#undef check
+#undef checkjump
+#undef checkreg
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+int luaG_checkcode (const Proto *pt) {+ return (symbexec(pt, pt->sizecode, NO_REG) != 0);
+}
+
+
+static const char *kname (Proto *p, int c) {+ if (ISK(c) && ttisstring(&p->k[INDEXK(c)]))
+ return svalue(&p->k[INDEXK(c)]);
+ else
+ return "?";
+}
+
+
+static const char *getobjname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int stackpos,
+ const char **name) {+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* a Lua function? */+ Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->l.p;
+ int pc = currentpc(L, ci);
+ Instruction i;
+ *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, stackpos+1, pc);
+ if (*name) /* is a local? */
+ return "local";
+ i = symbexec(p, pc, stackpos); /* try symbolic execution */
+ lua_assert(pc != -1);
+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {+ case OP_GETGLOBAL: {+ int g = GETARG_Bx(i); /* global index */
+ lua_assert(ttisstring(&p->k[g]));
+ *name = svalue(&p->k[g]);
+ return "global";
+ }
+ case OP_MOVE: {+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ int b = GETARG_B(i); /* move from `b' to `a' */
+ if (b < a)
+ return getobjname(L, ci, b, name); /* get name for `b' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETTABLE: {+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ *name = kname(p, k);
+ return "field";
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL: {+ int u = GETARG_B(i); /* upvalue index */
+ *name = p->upvalues ? getstr(p->upvalues[u]) : "?";
+ return "upvalue";
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ *name = kname(p, k);
+ return "method";
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* no useful name found */
+}
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) {+ Instruction i;
+ if ((isLua(ci) && ci->tailcalls > 0) || !isLua(ci - 1))
+ return NULL; /* calling function is not Lua (or is unknown) */
+ ci--; /* calling function */
+ i = ci_func(ci)->l.p->code[currentpc(L, ci)];
+ if (GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_CALL || GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TAILCALL ||
+ GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP)
+ return getobjname(L, ci, GETARG_A(i), name);
+ else
+ return NULL; /* no useful name can be found */
+}
+
+
+/* only ANSI way to check whether a pointer points to an array */
+static int isinstack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) {+ StkId p;
+ for (p = ci->base; p < ci->top; p++)
+ if (o == p) return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+void luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {+ const char *name = NULL;
+ const char *t = luaT_typenames[ttype(o)];
+ const char *kind = (isinstack(L->ci, o)) ?
+ getobjname(L, L->ci, cast_int(o - L->base), &name) :
+ NULL;
+ if (kind)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s %s " LUA_QS " (a %s value)",
+ op, kind, name, t);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value", op, t);
+}
+
+
+void luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2) {+ if (ttisstring(p1)) p1 = p2;
+ lua_assert(!ttisstring(p1));
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate");
+}
+
+
+void luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {+ TValue temp;
+ if (luaV_tonumber(p1, &temp) == NULL)
+ p2 = p1; /* first operand is wrong */
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p2, "perform arithmetic on");
+}
+
+
+int luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {+ const char *t1 = luaT_typenames[ttype(p1)];
+ const char *t2 = luaT_typenames[ttype(p2)];
+ if (t1[2] == t2[2])
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg) {+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* is Lua code? */+ char buff[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* add file:line information */
+ int line = currentline(L, ci);
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(getluaproto(ci)->source), LUA_IDSIZE);
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) {+ if (L->errfunc != 0) { /* is there an error handling function? */+ StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc);
+ if (!ttisfunction(errfunc)) luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1); /* move argument */
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top - 1, errfunc); /* push function */
+ incr_top(L);
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 1); /* call it */
+ }
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN);
+}
+
+
+void luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ addinfo(L, luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp));
+ va_end(argp);
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ldebug.h
@@ -1,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldebug_h
+#define ldebug_h
+
+
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define pcRel(pc, p) (cast(int, (pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+
+#define getline(f,pc) (((f)->lineinfo) ? (f)->lineinfo[pc] : 0)
+
+#define resethookcount(L) (L->hookcount = L->basehookcount)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ const char *opname);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_checkcode (const Proto *pt);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_checkopenop (Instruction i);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ldo.c
@@ -1,0 +1,516 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ldo_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Error-recovery functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* chain list of long jump buffers */
+struct lua_longjmp {+ struct lua_longjmp *previous;
+ luai_jmpbuf b;
+ volatile int status; /* error code */
+};
+
+
+void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {+ switch (errcode) {+ case LUA_ERRMEM: {+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_ERRERR: {+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_ERRSYNTAX:
+ case LUA_ERRRUN: {+ setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1); /* error message on current top */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top = oldtop + 1;
+}
+
+
+static void restore_stack_limit (lua_State *L) {+ lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1);
+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) { /* there was an overflow? */+ int inuse = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci);
+ if (inuse + 1 < LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* can `undo' overflow? */
+ luaD_reallocCI(L, LUAI_MAXCALLS);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void resetstack (lua_State *L, int status) {+ L->ci = L->base_ci;
+ L->base = L->ci->base;
+ luaF_close(L, L->base); /* close eventual pending closures */
+ luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->base);
+ L->nCcalls = 0;
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ restore_stack_limit(L);
+ L->errfunc = 0;
+ L->errorJmp = NULL;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {+ if (L->errorJmp) {+ L->errorJmp->status = errcode;
+ LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp);
+ }
+ else {+ L->status = cast_byte(errcode);
+ if (G(L)->panic) {+ resetstack(L, errcode);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ G(L)->panic(L);
+ }
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {+ struct lua_longjmp lj;
+ lj.status = 0;
+ lj.previous = L->errorJmp; /* chain new error handler */
+ L->errorJmp = &lj;
+ LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
+ (*f)(L, ud);
+ );
+ L->errorJmp = lj.previous; /* restore old error handler */
+ return lj.status;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L, TValue *oldstack) {+ CallInfo *ci;
+ GCObject *up;
+ L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->gch.next)
+ gco2uv(up)->v = (gco2uv(up)->v - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (ci = L->base_ci; ci <= L->ci; ci++) {+ ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ ci->base = (ci->base - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ }
+ L->base = (L->base - oldstack) + L->stack;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize) {+ TValue *oldstack = L->stack;
+ int realsize = newsize + 1 + EXTRA_STACK;
+ lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack, L->stacksize, realsize, TValue);
+ L->stacksize = realsize;
+ L->stack_last = L->stack+newsize;
+ correctstack(L, oldstack);
+}
+
+
+void luaD_reallocCI (lua_State *L, int newsize) {+ CallInfo *oldci = L->base_ci;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, L->base_ci, L->size_ci, newsize, CallInfo);
+ L->size_ci = newsize;
+ L->ci = (L->ci - oldci) + L->base_ci;
+ L->end_ci = L->base_ci + L->size_ci - 1;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n) {+ if (n <= L->stacksize) /* double size is enough? */
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, 2*L->stacksize);
+ else
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize + n);
+}
+
+
+static CallInfo *growCI (lua_State *L) {+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* overflow while handling overflow? */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ else {+ luaD_reallocCI(L, 2*L->size_ci);
+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
+ }
+ return ++L->ci;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_callhook (lua_State *L, int event, int line) {+ lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
+ if (hook && L->allowhook) {+ ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top);
+ ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, L->ci->top);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ ar.event = event;
+ ar.currentline = line;
+ if (event == LUA_HOOKTAILRET)
+ ar.i_ci = 0; /* tail call; no debug information about it */
+ else
+ ar.i_ci = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci);
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ L->ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(L->ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ (*hook)(L, &ar);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ L->ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top);
+ L->top = restorestack(L, top);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static StkId adjust_varargs (lua_State *L, Proto *p, int actual) {+ int i;
+ int nfixargs = p->numparams;
+ Table *htab = NULL;
+ StkId base, fixed;
+ for (; actual < nfixargs; ++actual)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_VARARG)
+ if (p->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG) { /* compat. with old-style vararg? */+ int nvar = actual - nfixargs; /* number of extra arguments */
+ lua_assert(p->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ htab = luaH_new(L, nvar, 1); /* create `arg' table */
+ for (i=0; i<nvar; i++) /* put extra arguments into `arg' table */
+ setobj2n(L, luaH_setnum(L, htab, i+1), L->top - nvar + i);
+ /* store counter in field `n' */
+ setnvalue(luaH_setstr(L, htab, luaS_newliteral(L, "n")), cast_num(nvar));
+ }
+#endif
+ /* move fixed parameters to final position */
+ fixed = L->top - actual; /* first fixed argument */
+ base = L->top; /* final position of first argument */
+ for (i=0; i<nfixargs; i++) {+ setobjs2s(L, L->top++, fixed+i);
+ setnilvalue(fixed+i);
+ }
+ /* add `arg' parameter */
+ if (htab) {+ sethvalue(L, L->top++, htab);
+ lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(htab)));
+ }
+ return base;
+}
+
+
+static StkId tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, func, TM_CALL);
+ StkId p;
+ ptrdiff_t funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ if (!ttisfunction(tm))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, func, "call");
+ /* Open a hole inside the stack at `func' */
+ for (p = L->top; p > func; p--) setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
+ incr_top(L);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change stack */
+ setobj2s(L, func, tm); /* tag method is the new function to be called */
+ return func;
+}
+
+
+
+#define inc_ci(L) \
+ ((L->ci == L->end_ci) ? growCI(L) : \
+ (condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocCI(L, L->size_ci)), ++L->ci))
+
+
+int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {+ LClosure *cl;
+ ptrdiff_t funcr;
+ if (!ttisfunction(func)) /* `func' is not a function? */
+ func = tryfuncTM(L, func); /* check the `function' tag method */
+ funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ cl = &clvalue(func)->l;
+ L->ci->savedpc = L->savedpc;
+ if (!cl->isC) { /* Lua function? prepare its call */+ CallInfo *ci;
+ StkId st, base;
+ Proto *p = cl->p;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ if (!p->is_vararg) { /* no varargs? */+ base = func + 1;
+ if (L->top > base + p->numparams)
+ L->top = base + p->numparams;
+ }
+ else { /* vararg function */+ int nargs = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1;
+ base = adjust_varargs(L, p, nargs);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change the stack */
+ }
+ ci = inc_ci(L); /* now `enter' new function */
+ ci->func = func;
+ L->base = ci->base = base;
+ ci->top = L->base + p->maxstacksize;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ L->savedpc = p->code; /* starting point */
+ ci->tailcalls = 0;
+ ci->nresults = nresults;
+ for (st = L->top; st < ci->top; st++)
+ setnilvalue(st);
+ L->top = ci->top;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL) {+ L->savedpc++; /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1);
+ L->savedpc--; /* correct 'pc' */
+ }
+ return PCRLUA;
+ }
+ else { /* if is a C function, call it */+ CallInfo *ci;
+ int n;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ ci = inc_ci(L); /* now `enter' new function */
+ ci->func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ L->base = ci->base = ci->func + 1;
+ ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ ci->nresults = nresults;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*curr_func(L)->c.f)(L); /* do the actual call */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (n < 0) /* yielding? */
+ return PCRYIELD;
+ else {+ luaD_poscall(L, L->top - n);
+ return PCRC;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static StkId callrethooks (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) {+ ptrdiff_t fr = savestack(L, firstResult); /* next call may change stack */
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1);
+ if (f_isLua(L->ci)) { /* Lua function? */+ while (L->ci->tailcalls--) /* call hook for eventual tail calls */
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKTAILRET, -1);
+ }
+ return restorestack(L, fr);
+}
+
+
+int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) {+ StkId res;
+ int wanted, i;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET)
+ firstResult = callrethooks(L, firstResult);
+ ci = L->ci--;
+ res = ci->func; /* res == final position of 1st result */
+ wanted = ci->nresults;
+ L->base = (ci - 1)->base; /* restore base */
+ L->savedpc = (ci - 1)->savedpc; /* restore savedpc */
+ /* move results to correct place */
+ for (i = wanted; i != 0 && firstResult < L->top; i--)
+ setobjs2s(L, res++, firstResult++);
+ while (i-- > 0)
+ setnilvalue(res++);
+ L->top = res;
+ return (wanted - LUA_MULTRET); /* 0 iff wanted == LUA_MULTRET */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a function (C or Lua). The function to be called is at *func.
+** The arguments are on the stack, right after the function.
+** When returns, all the results are on the stack, starting at the original
+** function position.
+*/
+void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {+ if (++L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS) {+ if (L->nCcalls == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
+ else if (L->nCcalls >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS + (LUAI_MAXCCALLS>>3)))
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR); /* error while handing stack error */
+ }
+ if (luaD_precall(L, func, nResults) == PCRLUA) /* is a Lua function? */
+ luaV_execute(L, 1); /* call it */
+ L->nCcalls--;
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {+ StkId firstArg = cast(StkId, ud);
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (L->status == 0) { /* start coroutine? */+ lua_assert(ci == L->base_ci && firstArg > L->base);
+ if (luaD_precall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET) != PCRLUA)
+ return;
+ }
+ else { /* resuming from previous yield */+ lua_assert(L->status == LUA_YIELD);
+ L->status = 0;
+ if (!f_isLua(ci)) { /* `common' yield? */+ /* finish interrupted execution of `OP_CALL' */
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((ci-1)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL ||
+ GET_OPCODE(*((ci-1)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_TAILCALL);
+ if (luaD_poscall(L, firstArg)) /* complete it... */
+ L->top = L->ci->top; /* and correct top if not multiple results */
+ }
+ else /* yielded inside a hook: just continue its execution */
+ L->base = L->ci->base;
+ }
+ luaV_execute(L, cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci));
+}
+
+
+static int resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg) {+ L->top = L->ci->base;
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, msg));
+ incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return LUA_ERRRUN;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, int nargs) {+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (L->status != LUA_YIELD) {+ if (L->status != 0)
+ return resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine");
+ else if (L->ci != L->base_ci)
+ return resume_error(L, "cannot resume non-suspended coroutine");
+ }
+ luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
+ lua_assert(L->errfunc == 0 && L->nCcalls == 0);
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, L->top - nargs);
+ if (status != 0) { /* error? */+ L->status = cast_byte(status); /* mark thread as `dead' */
+ luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->top);
+ L->ci->top = L->top;
+ }
+ else
+ status = L->status;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults) {+ luai_userstateyield(L, nresults);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (L->nCcalls > 0)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across metamethod/C-call boundary");
+ L->base = L->top - nresults; /* protect stack slots below */
+ L->status = LUA_YIELD;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return -1;
+}
+
+
+int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) {+ int status;
+ unsigned short oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
+ ptrdiff_t old_ci = saveci(L, L->ci);
+ lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+ ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+ L->errfunc = ef;
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, func, u);
+ if (status != 0) { /* an error occurred? */+ StkId oldtop = restorestack(L, old_top);
+ luaF_close(L, oldtop); /* close eventual pending closures */
+ luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, oldtop);
+ L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
+ L->ci = restoreci(L, old_ci);
+ L->base = L->ci->base;
+ L->savedpc = L->ci->savedpc;
+ L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+ restore_stack_limit(L);
+ }
+ L->errfunc = old_errfunc;
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected parser.
+*/
+struct SParser { /* data to `f_parser' */+ ZIO *z;
+ Mbuffer buff; /* buffer to be used by the scanner */
+ const char *name;
+};
+
+static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) {+ int i;
+ Proto *tf;
+ Closure *cl;
+ struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud);
+ int c = luaZ_lookahead(p->z);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ tf = ((c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) ? luaU_undump : luaY_parser)(L, p->z,
+ &p->buff, p->name);
+ cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, tf->nups, hvalue(gt(L)));
+ cl->l.p = tf;
+ for (i = 0; i < tf->nups; i++) /* initialize eventual upvalues */
+ cl->l.upvals[i] = luaF_newupval(L);
+ setclvalue(L, L->top, cl);
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name) {+ struct SParser p;
+ int status;
+ p.z = z; p.name = name;
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top), L->errfunc);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ldo.h
@@ -1,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldo_h
+#define ldo_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define luaD_checkstack(L,n) \
+ if ((char *)L->stack_last - (char *)L->top <= (n)*(int)sizeof(TValue)) \
+ luaD_growstack(L, n); \
+ else condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1));
+
+
+#define incr_top(L) {luaD_checkstack(L,1); L->top++;}+
+#define savestack(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->stack)
+#define restorestack(L,n) ((TValue *)((char *)L->stack + (n)))
+
+#define saveci(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->base_ci)
+#define restoreci(L,n) ((CallInfo *)((char *)L->base_ci + (n)))
+
+
+/* results from luaD_precall */
+#define PCRLUA 0 /* initiated a call to a Lua function */
+#define PCRC 1 /* did a call to a C function */
+#define PCRYIELD 2 /* C funtion yielded */
+
+
+/* type of protected functions, to be ran by `runprotected' */
+typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callhook (lua_State *L, int event, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocCI (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ldump.c
@@ -1,0 +1,164 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldump.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** save precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define ldump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+typedef struct {+ lua_State* L;
+ lua_Writer writer;
+ void* data;
+ int strip;
+ int status;
+} DumpState;
+
+#define DumpMem(b,n,size,D) DumpBlock(b,(n)*(size),D)
+#define DumpVar(x,D) DumpMem(&x,1,sizeof(x),D)
+
+static void DumpBlock(const void* b, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{+ if (D->status==0)
+ {+ lua_unlock(D->L);
+ D->status=(*D->writer)(D->L,b,size,D->data);
+ lua_lock(D->L);
+ }
+}
+
+static void DumpChar(int y, DumpState* D)
+{+ char x=(char)y;
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpInt(int x, DumpState* D)
+{+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpNumber(lua_Number x, DumpState* D)
+{+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpVector(const void* b, int n, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ DumpMem(b,n,size,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpString(const TString* s, DumpState* D)
+{+ if (s==NULL || getstr(s)==NULL)
+ {+ size_t size=0;
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ }
+ else
+ {+ size_t size=s->tsv.len+1; /* include trailing '\0' */
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ DumpBlock(getstr(s),size,D);
+ }
+}
+
+#define DumpCode(f,D) DumpVector(f->code,f->sizecode,sizeof(Instruction),D)
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, const TString* p, DumpState* D);
+
+static void DumpConstants(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{+ int i,n=f->sizek;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ DumpChar(ttype(o),D);
+ switch (ttype(o))
+ {+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ DumpChar(bvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ DumpNumber(nvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ DumpString(rawtsvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ default:
+ lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n=f->sizep;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpFunction(f->p[i],f->source,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpDebug(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{+ int i,n;
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
+ DumpVector(f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int),D);
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ DumpString(f->locvars[i].varname,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].startpc,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].endpc,D);
+ }
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpString(f->upvalues[i],D);
+}
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, const TString* p, DumpState* D)
+{+ DumpString((f->source==p || D->strip) ? NULL : f->source,D);
+ DumpInt(f->linedefined,D);
+ DumpInt(f->lastlinedefined,D);
+ DumpChar(f->nups,D);
+ DumpChar(f->numparams,D);
+ DumpChar(f->is_vararg,D);
+ DumpChar(f->maxstacksize,D);
+ DumpCode(f,D);
+ DumpConstants(f,D);
+ DumpDebug(f,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpHeader(DumpState* D)
+{+ char h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ DumpBlock(h,LUAC_HEADERSIZE,D);
+}
+
+/*
+** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
+*/
+int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip)
+{+ DumpState D;
+ D.L=L;
+ D.writer=w;
+ D.data=data;
+ D.strip=strip;
+ D.status=0;
+ DumpHeader(&D);
+ DumpFunction(f,NULL,&D);
+ return D.status;
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lfunc.c
@@ -1,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:38 rrt Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lfunc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e) {+ Closure *c = cast(Closure *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeCclosure(nelems)));
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(c), LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ c->c.isC = 1;
+ c->c.env = e;
+ c->c.nupvalues = cast_byte(nelems);
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e) {+ Closure *c = cast(Closure *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeLclosure(nelems)));
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(c), LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ c->l.isC = 0;
+ c->l.env = e;
+ c->l.nupvalues = cast_byte(nelems);
+ while (nelems--) c->l.upvals[nelems] = NULL;
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L) {+ UpVal *uv = luaM_new(L, UpVal);
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(uv), LUA_TUPVAL);
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value;
+ setnilvalue(uv->v);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject **pp = &L->openupval;
+ UpVal *p;
+ UpVal *uv;
+ while ((p = ngcotouv(*pp)) != NULL && p->v >= level) {+ lua_assert(p->v != &p->u.value);
+ if (p->v == level) { /* found a corresponding upvalue? */+ if (isdead(g, obj2gco(p))) /* is it dead? */
+ changewhite(obj2gco(p)); /* ressurect it */
+ return p;
+ }
+ pp = &p->next;
+ }
+ uv = luaM_new(L, UpVal); /* not found: create a new one */
+ uv->tt = LUA_TUPVAL;
+ uv->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ uv->v = level; /* current value lives in the stack */
+ uv->next = *pp; /* chain it in the proper position */
+ *pp = obj2gco(uv);
+ uv->u.l.prev = &g->uvhead; /* double link it in `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.next = g->uvhead.u.l.next;
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = uv;
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+static void unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv->u.l.prev; /* remove from `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next = uv->u.l.next;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {+ if (uv->v != &uv->u.value) /* is it open? */
+ unlinkupval(uv); /* remove from open list */
+ luaM_free(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+}
+
+
+void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level) {+ UpVal *uv;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while ((uv = ngcotouv(L->openupval)) != NULL && uv->v >= level) {+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ lua_assert(!isblack(o) && uv->v != &uv->u.value);
+ L->openupval = uv->next; /* remove from `open' list */
+ if (isdead(g, o))
+ luaF_freeupval(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+ else {+ unlinkupval(uv);
+ setobj(L, &uv->u.value, uv->v);
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value; /* now current value lives here */
+ luaC_linkupval(L, uv); /* link upvalue into `gcroot' list */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {+ Proto *f = luaM_new(L, Proto);
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(f), LUA_TPROTO);
+ f->k = NULL;
+ f->sizek = 0;
+ f->p = NULL;
+ f->sizep = 0;
+ f->code = NULL;
+ f->sizecode = 0;
+ f->sizelineinfo = 0;
+ f->sizeupvalues = 0;
+ f->nups = 0;
+ f->upvalues = NULL;
+ f->numparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ f->maxstacksize = 0;
+ f->lineinfo = NULL;
+ f->sizelocvars = 0;
+ f->locvars = NULL;
+ f->linedefined = 0;
+ f->lastlinedefined = 0;
+ f->source = NULL;
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {+ luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode, Instruction);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep, Proto *);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek, TValue);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, int);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, struct LocVar);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, TString *);
+ luaM_free(L, f);
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c) {+ int size = (c->c.isC) ? sizeCclosure(c->c.nupvalues) :
+ sizeLclosure(c->l.nupvalues);
+ luaM_freemem(L, c, size);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for n-th local variable at line `line' in function `func'.
+** Returns NULL if not found.
+*/
+const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) {+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i<f->sizelocvars && f->locvars[i].startpc <= pc; i++) {+ if (pc < f->locvars[i].endpc) { /* is variable active? */+ local_number--;
+ if (local_number == 0)
+ return getstr(f->locvars[i].varname);
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lfunc.h
@@ -1,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lfunc_h
+#define lfunc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define sizeCclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(CClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue)*((n)-1)))
+
+#define sizeLclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(LClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue *)*((n)-1)))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
+ int pc);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lgc.c
@@ -1,0 +1,711 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lgc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define GCSTEPSIZE 1024u
+#define GCSWEEPMAX 40
+#define GCSWEEPCOST 10
+#define GCFINALIZECOST 100
+
+
+#define maskmarks cast_byte(~(bitmask(BLACKBIT)|WHITEBITS))
+
+#define makewhite(g,x) \
+ ((x)->gch.marked = cast_byte(((x)->gch.marked & maskmarks) | luaC_white(g)))
+
+#define white2gray(x) reset2bits((x)->gch.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+#define black2gray(x) resetbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+#define stringmark(s) reset2bits((s)->tsv.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define isfinalized(u) testbit((u)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+#define markfinalized(u) l_setbit((u)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+
+
+#define KEYWEAK bitmask(KEYWEAKBIT)
+#define VALUEWEAK bitmask(VALUEWEAKBIT)
+
+
+
+#define markvalue(g,o) { checkconsistency(o); \+ if (iscollectable(o) && iswhite(gcvalue(o))) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); }
+
+#define markobject(g,t) { if (iswhite(obj2gco(t))) \+ reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); }
+
+
+#define setthreshold(g) (g->GCthreshold = (g->estimate/100) * g->gcpause)
+
+
+static void removeentry (Node *n) {+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(n)));
+ if (iscollectable(gkey(n)))
+ setttype(gkey(n), LUA_TDEADKEY); /* dead key; remove it */
+}
+
+
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {+ lua_assert(iswhite(o) && !isdead(g, o));
+ white2gray(o);
+ switch (o->gch.tt) {+ case LUA_TSTRING: {+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {+ Table *mt = gco2u(o)->metatable;
+ gray2black(o); /* udata are never gray */
+ if (mt) markobject(g, mt);
+ markobject(g, gco2u(o)->env);
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: {+ UpVal *uv = gco2uv(o);
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ if (uv->v == &uv->u.value) /* closed? */
+ gray2black(o); /* open upvalues are never black */
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {+ gco2cl(o)->c.gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {+ gco2h(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {+ gco2th(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {+ gco2p(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void marktmu (global_State *g) {+ GCObject *u = g->tmudata;
+ if (u) {+ do {+ u = u->gch.next;
+ makewhite(g, u); /* may be marked, if left from previous GC */
+ reallymarkobject(g, u);
+ } while (u != g->tmudata);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* move `dead' udata that need finalization to list `tmudata' */
+size_t luaC_separateudata (lua_State *L, int all) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ size_t deadmem = 0;
+ GCObject **p = &g->mainthread->next;
+ GCObject *curr;
+ while ((curr = *p) != NULL) {+ if (!(iswhite(curr) || all) || isfinalized(gco2u(curr)))
+ p = &curr->gch.next; /* don't bother with them */
+ else if (fasttm(L, gco2u(curr)->metatable, TM_GC) == NULL) {+ markfinalized(gco2u(curr)); /* don't need finalization */
+ p = &curr->gch.next;
+ }
+ else { /* must call its gc method */+ deadmem += sizeudata(gco2u(curr));
+ markfinalized(gco2u(curr));
+ *p = curr->gch.next;
+ /* link `curr' at the end of `tmudata' list */
+ if (g->tmudata == NULL) /* list is empty? */
+ g->tmudata = curr->gch.next = curr; /* creates a circular list */
+ else {+ curr->gch.next = g->tmudata->gch.next;
+ g->tmudata->gch.next = curr;
+ g->tmudata = curr;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return deadmem;
+}
+
+
+static int traversetable (global_State *g, Table *h) {+ int i;
+ int weakkey = 0;
+ int weakvalue = 0;
+ const TValue *mode;
+ if (h->metatable)
+ markobject(g, h->metatable);
+ mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
+ if (mode && ttisstring(mode)) { /* is there a weak mode? */+ weakkey = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'k') != NULL);
+ weakvalue = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'v') != NULL);
+ if (weakkey || weakvalue) { /* is really weak? */+ h->marked &= ~(KEYWEAK | VALUEWEAK); /* clear bits */
+ h->marked |= cast_byte((weakkey << KEYWEAKBIT) |
+ (weakvalue << VALUEWEAKBIT));
+ h->gclist = g->weak; /* must be cleared after GC, ... */
+ g->weak = obj2gco(h); /* ... so put in the appropriate list */
+ }
+ }
+ if (weakkey && weakvalue) return 1;
+ if (!weakvalue) {+ i = h->sizearray;
+ while (i--)
+ markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
+ }
+ i = sizenode(h);
+ while (i--) {+ Node *n = gnode(h, i);
+ lua_assert(ttype(gkey(n)) != LUA_TDEADKEY || ttisnil(gval(n)));
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n)))
+ removeentry(n); /* remove empty entries */
+ else {+ lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
+ if (!weakkey) markvalue(g, gkey(n));
+ if (!weakvalue) markvalue(g, gval(n));
+ }
+ }
+ return weakkey || weakvalue;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** All marks are conditional because a GC may happen while the
+** prototype is still being created
+*/
+static void traverseproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) {+ int i;
+ if (f->source) stringmark(f->source);
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizek; i++) /* mark literals */
+ markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizeupvalues; i++) { /* mark upvalue names */+ if (f->upvalues[i])
+ stringmark(f->upvalues[i]);
+ }
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizep; i++) { /* mark nested protos */+ if (f->p[i])
+ markobject(g, f->p[i]);
+ }
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizelocvars; i++) { /* mark local-variable names */+ if (f->locvars[i].varname)
+ stringmark(f->locvars[i].varname);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+static void traverseclosure (global_State *g, Closure *cl) {+ markobject(g, cl->c.env);
+ if (cl->c.isC) {+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<cl->c.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markvalue(g, &cl->c.upvalue[i]);
+ }
+ else {+ int i;
+ lua_assert(cl->l.nupvalues == cl->l.p->nups);
+ markobject(g, cl->l.p);
+ for (i=0; i<cl->l.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markobject(g, cl->l.upvals[i]);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void checkstacksizes (lua_State *L, StkId max) {+ int ci_used = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci); /* number of `ci' in use */
+ int s_used = cast_int(max - L->stack); /* part of stack in use */
+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* handling overflow? */
+ return; /* do not touch the stacks */
+ if (4*ci_used < L->size_ci && 2*BASIC_CI_SIZE < L->size_ci)
+ luaD_reallocCI(L, L->size_ci/2); /* still big enough... */
+ condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocCI(L, ci_used + 1));
+ if (4*s_used < L->stacksize &&
+ 2*(BASIC_STACK_SIZE+EXTRA_STACK) < L->stacksize)
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize/2); /* still big enough... */
+ condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, s_used));
+}
+
+
+static void traversestack (global_State *g, lua_State *l) {+ StkId o, lim;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ markvalue(g, gt(l));
+ lim = l->top;
+ for (ci = l->base_ci; ci <= l->ci; ci++) {+ lua_assert(ci->top <= l->stack_last);
+ if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top;
+ }
+ for (o = l->stack; o < l->top; o++)
+ markvalue(g, o);
+ for (; o <= lim; o++)
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ checkstacksizes(l, lim);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** traverse one gray object, turning it to black.
+** Returns `quantity' traversed.
+*/
+static l_mem propagatemark (global_State *g) {+ GCObject *o = g->gray;
+ lua_assert(isgray(o));
+ gray2black(o);
+ switch (o->gch.tt) {+ case LUA_TTABLE: {+ Table *h = gco2h(o);
+ g->gray = h->gclist;
+ if (traversetable(g, h)) /* table is weak? */
+ black2gray(o); /* keep it gray */
+ return sizeof(Table) + sizeof(TValue) * h->sizearray +
+ sizeof(Node) * sizenode(h);
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {+ Closure *cl = gco2cl(o);
+ g->gray = cl->c.gclist;
+ traverseclosure(g, cl);
+ return (cl->c.isC) ? sizeCclosure(cl->c.nupvalues) :
+ sizeLclosure(cl->l.nupvalues);
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {+ lua_State *th = gco2th(o);
+ g->gray = th->gclist;
+ th->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o;
+ black2gray(o);
+ traversestack(g, th);
+ return sizeof(lua_State) + sizeof(TValue) * th->stacksize +
+ sizeof(CallInfo) * th->size_ci;
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {+ Proto *p = gco2p(o);
+ g->gray = p->gclist;
+ traverseproto(g, p);
+ return sizeof(Proto) + sizeof(Instruction) * p->sizecode +
+ sizeof(Proto *) * p->sizep +
+ sizeof(TValue) * p->sizek +
+ sizeof(int) * p->sizelineinfo +
+ sizeof(LocVar) * p->sizelocvars +
+ sizeof(TString *) * p->sizeupvalues;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static size_t propagateall (global_State *g) {+ size_t m = 0;
+ while (g->gray) m += propagatemark(g);
+ return m;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** The next function tells whether a key or value can be cleared from
+** a weak table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
+** tables. Strings behave as `values', so are never removed too. for
+** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for userdata
+** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
+*/
+static int iscleared (const TValue *o, int iskey) {+ if (!iscollectable(o)) return 0;
+ if (ttisstring(o)) {+ stringmark(rawtsvalue(o)); /* strings are `values', so are never weak */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ return iswhite(gcvalue(o)) ||
+ (ttisuserdata(o) && (!iskey && isfinalized(uvalue(o))));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** clear collected entries from weaktables
+*/
+static void cleartable (GCObject *l) {+ while (l) {+ Table *h = gco2h(l);
+ int i = h->sizearray;
+ lua_assert(testbit(h->marked, VALUEWEAKBIT) ||
+ testbit(h->marked, KEYWEAKBIT));
+ if (testbit(h->marked, VALUEWEAKBIT)) {+ while (i--) {+ TValue *o = &h->array[i];
+ if (iscleared(o, 0)) /* value was collected? */
+ setnilvalue(o); /* remove value */
+ }
+ }
+ i = sizenode(h);
+ while (i--) {+ Node *n = gnode(h, i);
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && /* non-empty entry? */
+ (iscleared(key2tval(n), 1) || iscleared(gval(n), 0))) {+ setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove entry from table */
+ }
+ }
+ l = h->gclist;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeobj (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {+ switch (o->gch.tt) {+ case LUA_TPROTO: luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: luaF_freeclosure(L, gco2cl(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: luaF_freeupval(L, gco2uv(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: luaH_free(L, gco2h(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {+ lua_assert(gco2th(o) != L && gco2th(o) != G(L)->mainthread);
+ luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {+ G(L)->strt.nuse--;
+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizestring(gco2ts(o)));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(gco2u(o)));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+#define sweepwholelist(L,p) sweeplist(L,p,MAX_LUMEM)
+
+
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count) {+ GCObject *curr;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int deadmask = otherwhite(g);
+ while ((curr = *p) != NULL && count-- > 0) {+ if (curr->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD) /* sweep open upvalues of each thread */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &gco2th(curr)->openupval);
+ if ((curr->gch.marked ^ WHITEBITS) & deadmask) { /* not dead? */+ lua_assert(!isdead(g, curr) || testbit(curr->gch.marked, FIXEDBIT));
+ makewhite(g, curr); /* make it white (for next cycle) */
+ p = &curr->gch.next;
+ }
+ else { /* must erase `curr' */+ lua_assert(isdead(g, curr) || deadmask == bitmask(SFIXEDBIT));
+ *p = curr->gch.next;
+ if (curr == g->rootgc) /* is the first element of the list? */
+ g->rootgc = curr->gch.next; /* adjust first */
+ freeobj(L, curr);
+ }
+ }
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static void checkSizes (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ /* check size of string hash */
+ if (g->strt.nuse < cast(lu_int32, g->strt.size/4) &&
+ g->strt.size > MINSTRTABSIZE*2)
+ luaS_resize(L, g->strt.size/2); /* table is too big */
+ /* check size of buffer */
+ if (luaZ_sizebuffer(&g->buff) > LUA_MINBUFFER*2) { /* buffer too big? */+ size_t newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(&g->buff) / 2;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(L, &g->buff, newsize);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void GCTM (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *o = g->tmudata->gch.next; /* get first element */
+ Udata *udata = rawgco2u(o);
+ const TValue *tm;
+ /* remove udata from `tmudata' */
+ if (o == g->tmudata) /* last element? */
+ g->tmudata = NULL;
+ else
+ g->tmudata->gch.next = udata->uv.next;
+ udata->uv.next = g->mainthread->next; /* return it to `root' list */
+ g->mainthread->next = o;
+ makewhite(g, o);
+ tm = fasttm(L, udata->uv.metatable, TM_GC);
+ if (tm != NULL) {+ lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
+ lu_mem oldt = g->GCthreshold;
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* stop debug hooks during GC tag method */
+ g->GCthreshold = 2*g->totalbytes; /* avoid GC steps */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, tm);
+ setuvalue(L, L->top+1, udata);
+ L->top += 2;
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0);
+ L->allowhook = oldah; /* restore hooks */
+ g->GCthreshold = oldt; /* restore threshold */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call all GC tag methods
+*/
+void luaC_callGCTM (lua_State *L) {+ while (G(L)->tmudata)
+ GCTM(L);
+}
+
+
+void luaC_freeall (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int i;
+ g->currentwhite = WHITEBITS | bitmask(SFIXEDBIT); /* mask to collect all elements */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->rootgc);
+ for (i = 0; i < g->strt.size; i++) /* free all string lists */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[i]);
+}
+
+
+static void markmt (global_State *g) {+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_TAGS; i++)
+ if (g->mt[i]) markobject(g, g->mt[i]);
+}
+
+
+/* mark root set */
+static void markroot (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ g->gray = NULL;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ markobject(g, g->mainthread);
+ /* make global table be traversed before main stack */
+ markvalue(g, gt(g->mainthread));
+ markvalue(g, registry(L));
+ markmt(g);
+ g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
+}
+
+
+static void remarkupvals (global_State *g) {+ UpVal *uv;
+ for (uv = g->uvhead.u.l.next; uv != &g->uvhead; uv = uv->u.l.next) {+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ if (isgray(obj2gco(uv)))
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void atomic (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ size_t udsize; /* total size of userdata to be finalized */
+ /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
+ remarkupvals(g);
+ /* traverse objects cautch by write barrier and by 'remarkupvals' */
+ propagateall(g);
+ /* remark weak tables */
+ g->gray = g->weak;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ lua_assert(!iswhite(obj2gco(g->mainthread)));
+ markobject(g, L); /* mark running thread */
+ markmt(g); /* mark basic metatables (again) */
+ propagateall(g);
+ /* remark gray again */
+ g->gray = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ propagateall(g);
+ udsize = luaC_separateudata(L, 0); /* separate userdata to be finalized */
+ marktmu(g); /* mark `preserved' userdata */
+ udsize += propagateall(g); /* remark, to propagate `preserveness' */
+ cleartable(g->weak); /* remove collected objects from weak tables */
+ /* flip current white */
+ g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g));
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc;
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ g->estimate = g->totalbytes - udsize; /* first estimate */
+}
+
+
+static l_mem singlestep (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ /*lua_checkmemory(L);*/
+ switch (g->gcstate) {+ case GCSpause: {+ markroot(L); /* start a new collection */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case GCSpropagate: {+ if (g->gray)
+ return propagatemark(g);
+ else { /* no more `gray' objects */+ atomic(L); /* finish mark phase */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ case GCSsweepstring: {+ lu_mem old = g->totalbytes;
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[g->sweepstrgc++]);
+ if (g->sweepstrgc >= g->strt.size) /* nothing more to sweep? */
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweep; /* end sweep-string phase */
+ lua_assert(old >= g->totalbytes);
+ g->estimate -= old - g->totalbytes;
+ return GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ case GCSsweep: {+ lu_mem old = g->totalbytes;
+ g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX);
+ if (*g->sweepgc == NULL) { /* nothing more to sweep? */+ checkSizes(L);
+ g->gcstate = GCSfinalize; /* end sweep phase */
+ }
+ lua_assert(old >= g->totalbytes);
+ g->estimate -= old - g->totalbytes;
+ return GCSWEEPMAX*GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ case GCSfinalize: {+ if (g->tmudata) {+ GCTM(L);
+ if (g->estimate > GCFINALIZECOST)
+ g->estimate -= GCFINALIZECOST;
+ return GCFINALIZECOST;
+ }
+ else {+ g->gcstate = GCSpause; /* end collection */
+ g->gcdept = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaC_step (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ l_mem lim = (GCSTEPSIZE/100) * g->gcstepmul;
+ if (lim == 0)
+ lim = (MAX_LUMEM-1)/2; /* no limit */
+ g->gcdept += g->totalbytes - g->GCthreshold;
+ do {+ lim -= singlestep(L);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
+ break;
+ } while (lim > 0);
+ if (g->gcstate != GCSpause) {+ if (g->gcdept < GCSTEPSIZE)
+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes + GCSTEPSIZE; /* - lim/g->gcstepmul;*/
+ else {+ g->gcdept -= GCSTEPSIZE;
+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes;
+ }
+ }
+ else {+ lua_assert(g->totalbytes >= g->estimate);
+ setthreshold(g);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (g->gcstate <= GCSpropagate) {+ /* reset sweep marks to sweep all elements (returning them to white) */
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc;
+ /* reset other collector lists */
+ g->gray = NULL;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ }
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSpause && g->gcstate != GCSpropagate);
+ /* finish any pending sweep phase */
+ while (g->gcstate != GCSfinalize) {+ lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSsweepstring || g->gcstate == GCSsweep);
+ singlestep(L);
+ }
+ markroot(L);
+ while (g->gcstate != GCSpause) {+ singlestep(L);
+ }
+ setthreshold(g);
+}
+
+
+void luaC_barrierf (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ lua_assert(ttype(&o->gch) != LUA_TTABLE);
+ /* must keep invariant? */
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
+ reallymarkobject(g, v); /* restore invariant */
+ else /* don't mind */
+ makewhite(g, o); /* mark as white just to avoid other barriers */
+}
+
+
+void luaC_barrierback (lua_State *L, Table *t) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(t);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && !isdead(g, o));
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ black2gray(o); /* make table gray (again) */
+ t->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o;
+}
+
+
+void luaC_link (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, lu_byte tt) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ o->gch.next = g->rootgc;
+ g->rootgc = o;
+ o->gch.marked = luaC_white(g);
+ o->gch.tt = tt;
+}
+
+
+void luaC_linkupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ o->gch.next = g->rootgc; /* link upvalue into `rootgc' list */
+ g->rootgc = o;
+ if (isgray(o)) { + if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate) {+ gray2black(o); /* closed upvalues need barrier */
+ luaC_barrier(L, uv, uv->v);
+ }
+ else { /* sweep phase: sweep it (turning it into white) */+ makewhite(g, o);
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lgc.h
@@ -1,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lgc_h
+#define lgc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Possible states of the Garbage Collector
+*/
+#define GCSpause 0
+#define GCSpropagate 1
+#define GCSsweepstring 2
+#define GCSsweep 3
+#define GCSfinalize 4
+
+
+/*
+** some userful bit tricks
+*/
+#define resetbits(x,m) ((x) &= cast(lu_byte, ~(m)))
+#define setbits(x,m) ((x) |= (m))
+#define testbits(x,m) ((x) & (m))
+#define bitmask(b) (1<<(b))
+#define bit2mask(b1,b2) (bitmask(b1) | bitmask(b2))
+#define l_setbit(x,b) setbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define resetbit(x,b) resetbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define testbit(x,b) testbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define set2bits(x,b1,b2) setbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2)))
+#define reset2bits(x,b1,b2) resetbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2)))
+#define test2bits(x,b1,b2) testbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2)))
+
+
+
+/*
+** Layout for bit use in `marked' field:
+** bit 0 - object is white (type 0)
+** bit 1 - object is white (type 1)
+** bit 2 - object is black
+** bit 3 - for userdata: has been finalized
+** bit 3 - for tables: has weak keys
+** bit 4 - for tables: has weak values
+** bit 5 - object is fixed (should not be collected)
+** bit 6 - object is "super" fixed (only the main thread)
+*/
+
+
+#define WHITE0BIT 0
+#define WHITE1BIT 1
+#define BLACKBIT 2
+#define FINALIZEDBIT 3
+#define KEYWEAKBIT 3
+#define VALUEWEAKBIT 4
+#define FIXEDBIT 5
+#define SFIXEDBIT 6
+#define WHITEBITS bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define iswhite(x) test2bits((x)->gch.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+#define isblack(x) testbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+#define isgray(x) (!isblack(x) && !iswhite(x))
+
+#define otherwhite(g) (g->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
+#define isdead(g,v) ((v)->gch.marked & otherwhite(g) & WHITEBITS)
+
+#define changewhite(x) ((x)->gch.marked ^= WHITEBITS)
+#define gray2black(x) l_setbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+#define valiswhite(x) (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))
+
+#define luaC_white(g) cast(lu_byte, (g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
+
+
+#define luaC_checkGC(L) { \+ condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1)); \
+ if (G(L)->totalbytes >= G(L)->GCthreshold) \
+ luaC_step(L); }
+
+
+#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \+ luaC_barrierf(L,obj2gco(p),gcvalue(v)); }
+
+#define luaC_barriert(L,t,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(t))) \+ luaC_barrierback(L,t); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \+ luaC_barrierf(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarriert(L,t,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(t))) luaC_barrierback(L,t); }+
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaC_separateudata (lua_State *L, int all);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_callGCTM (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeall (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_link (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, lu_byte tt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_linkupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierf (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/linit.c
@@ -1,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+** $Id: linit.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Initialization of libraries for lua.c
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define linit_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg lualibs[] = {+ {"", luaopen_base},+ {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},+ {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},+ {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},+ {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},+ {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},+ {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},+ {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {+ const luaL_Reg *lib = lualibs;
+ for (; lib->func; lib++) {+ lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+ lua_pushstring(L, lib->name);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 0);
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/liolib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,532 @@
+/*
+** $Id: liolib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Standard I/O (and system) library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define liolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+#define IO_INPUT 1
+#define IO_OUTPUT 2
+
+
+static const char *const fnames[] = {"input", "output"};+
+
+static int pushresult (lua_State *L, int i, const char *filename) {+ int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+ if (i) {+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ if (filename)
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(en));
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s", strerror(en));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, en);
+ return 3;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void fileerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *filename) {+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
+ luaL_argerror(L, arg, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+}
+
+
+#define topfile(L) ((FILE **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE))
+
+
+static int io_type (lua_State *L) {+ void *ud;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ ud = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+ if (ud == NULL || !lua_getmetatable(L, 1) || !lua_rawequal(L, -2, -1))
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not a file */
+ else if (*((FILE **)ud) == NULL)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");
+ else
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "file");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {+ FILE **f = topfile(L);
+ if (*f == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");
+ return *f;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** When creating file handles, always creates a `closed' file handle
+** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the
+** file is not left opened.
+*/
+static FILE **newfile (lua_State *L) {+ FILE **pf = (FILE **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(FILE *));
+ *pf = NULL; /* file handle is currently `closed' */
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ return pf;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function has a separated environment, which defines the
+** correct __close for 'popen' files
+*/
+static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {+ FILE **p = topfile(L);
+ int ok = lua_pclose(L, *p);
+ *p = NULL;
+ return pushresult(L, ok, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {+ FILE **p = topfile(L);
+ int ok = (fclose(*p) == 0);
+ *p = NULL;
+ return pushresult(L, ok, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {+ lua_getfenv(L, 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "__close");
+ return (lua_tocfunction(L, -1))(L);
+}
+
+
+static int io_close (lua_State *L) {+ if (lua_isnone(L, 1))
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, IO_OUTPUT);
+ tofile(L); /* make sure argument is a file */
+ return aux_close(L);
+}
+
+
+static int io_gc (lua_State *L) {+ FILE *f = *topfile(L);
+ /* ignore closed files and standard files */
+ if (f != NULL && f != stdin && f != stdout && f != stderr)
+ aux_close(L);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int io_tostring (lua_State *L) {+ FILE *f = *topfile(L);
+ if (f == NULL)
+ lua_pushstring(L, "file (closed)");
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_open (lua_State *L) {+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = fopen(filename, mode);
+ return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = lua_popen(L, filename, mode);
+ return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = tmpfile();
+ return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, int findex) {+ FILE *f;
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, findex);
+ f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+ if (f == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "standard %s file is closed", fnames[findex - 1]);
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, int f, const char *mode) {+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) {+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+ if (filename) {+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = fopen(filename, mode);
+ if (*pf == NULL)
+ fileerror(L, 1, filename);
+ }
+ else {+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_rawseti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, f);
+ }
+ /* return current value */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_input (lua_State *L) {+ return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r");
+}
+
+
+static int io_output (lua_State *L) {+ return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w");
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L);
+
+
+static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int idx, int toclose) {+ lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, toclose); /* close/not close file when finished */
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 2);
+}
+
+
+static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+ aux_lines(L, 1, 0);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) { /* no arguments? */+ /* will iterate over default input */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, IO_INPUT);
+ return f_lines(L);
+ }
+ else {+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = fopen(filename, "r");
+ if (*pf == NULL)
+ fileerror(L, 1, filename);
+ aux_lines(L, lua_gettop(L), 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** READ
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {+ lua_Number d;
+ if (fscanf(f, LUA_NUMBER_SCAN, &d) == 1) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, d);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else return 0; /* read fails */
+}
+
+
+static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {+ int c = getc(f);
+ ungetc(c, f);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, NULL, 0);
+ return (c != EOF);
+}
+
+
+static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (;;) {+ size_t l;
+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+ if (fgets(p, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f) == NULL) { /* eof? */+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return (lua_strlen(L, -1) > 0); /* check whether read something */
+ }
+ l = strlen(p);
+ if (l == 0 || p[l-1] != '\n')
+ luaL_addsize(&b, l);
+ else {+ luaL_addsize(&b, l - 1); /* do not include `eol' */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return 1; /* read at least an `eol' */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {+ size_t rlen; /* how much to read */
+ size_t nr; /* number of chars actually read */
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ rlen = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE; /* try to read that much each time */
+ do {+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+ if (rlen > n) rlen = n; /* cannot read more than asked */
+ nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), rlen, f);
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+ n -= nr; /* still have to read `n' chars */
+ } while (n > 0 && nr == rlen); /* until end of count or eof */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return (n == 0 || lua_strlen(L, -1) > 0);
+}
+
+
+static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+ int success;
+ int n;
+ clearerr(f);
+ if (nargs == 0) { /* no arguments? */+ success = read_line(L, f);
+ n = first+1; /* to return 1 result */
+ }
+ else { /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */+ luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");
+ success = 1;
+ for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {+ if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {+ size_t l = (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, n);
+ success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);
+ }
+ else {+ const char *p = lua_tostring(L, n);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, p && p[0] == '*', n, "invalid option");
+ switch (p[1]) {+ case 'n': /* number */
+ success = read_number(L, f);
+ break;
+ case 'l': /* line */
+ success = read_line(L, f);
+ break;
+ case 'a': /* file */
+ read_chars(L, f, ~((size_t)0)); /* read MAX_SIZE_T chars */
+ success = 1; /* always success */
+ break;
+ default:
+ return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format");
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (ferror(f))
+ return pushresult(L, 0, NULL);
+ if (!success) {+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove last result */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* push nil instead */
+ }
+ return n - first;
+}
+
+
+static int io_read (lua_State *L) {+ return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_read (lua_State *L) {+ return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2);
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {+ FILE *f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ int sucess;
+ if (f == NULL) /* file is already closed? */
+ luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");
+ sucess = read_line(L, f);
+ if (ferror(f))
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", strerror(errno));
+ if (sucess) return 1;
+ else { /* EOF */+ if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(2))) { /* generator created file? */+ lua_settop(L, 0);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ aux_close(L); /* close it */
+ }
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+ int status = 1;
+ for (; nargs--; arg++) {+ if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {+ /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
+ status = status &&
+ fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, lua_tonumber(L, arg)) > 0;
+ }
+ else {+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
+ }
+ }
+ return pushresult(L, status, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int io_write (lua_State *L) {+ return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_write (lua_State *L) {+ return g_write(L, tofile(L), 2);
+}
+
+
+static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {+ static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END};+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};+ FILE *f = tofile(L);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);
+ long offset = luaL_optlong(L, 3, 0);
+ op = fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);
+ if (op)
+ return pushresult(L, 0, NULL); /* error */
+ else {+ lua_pushinteger(L, ftell(f));
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {+ static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF};+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL};+ FILE *f = tofile(L);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);
+ lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+ int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], sz);
+ return pushresult(L, res == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {+ return pushresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {+ return pushresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {+ {"close", io_close},+ {"flush", io_flush},+ {"input", io_input},+ {"lines", io_lines},+ {"open", io_open},+ {"output", io_output},+ {"popen", io_popen},+ {"read", io_read},+ {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile},+ {"type", io_type},+ {"write", io_write},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg flib[] = {+ {"close", io_close},+ {"flush", f_flush},+ {"lines", f_lines},+ {"read", f_read},+ {"seek", f_seek},+ {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},+ {"write", f_write},+ {"__gc", io_gc},+ {"__tostring", io_tostring},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE); /* create metatable for file handles */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* push metatable */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* metatable.__index = metatable */
+ luaL_register(L, NULL, flib); /* file methods */
+}
+
+
+static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int k, const char *fname) {+ *newfile(L) = f;
+ if (k > 0) {+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, k);
+ }
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) {+ createmeta(L);
+ /* create (private) environment (with fields IO_INPUT, IO_OUTPUT, __close) */
+ lua_createtable(L, 2, 1);
+ lua_replace(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX);
+ /* open library */
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_IOLIBNAME, iolib);
+ /* create (and set) default files */
+ createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin");
+ createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout");
+ createstdfile(L, stderr, 0, "stderr");
+ /* create environment for 'popen' */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "popen");
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, io_pclose);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__close");
+ lua_setfenv(L, -2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop 'popen' */
+ /* set default close function */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, io_fclose);
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, "__close");
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/llex.c
@@ -1,0 +1,461 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llex.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define llex_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define next(ls) (ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
+
+
+
+
+#define currIsNewline(ls) (ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
+
+
+/* ORDER RESERVED */
+const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {+ "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
+ "end", "false", "for", "function", "if",
+ "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
+ "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
+ "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=",
+ "<number>", "<name>", "<string>", "<eof>",
+ NULL
+};
+
+
+#define save_and_next(ls) (save(ls, ls->current), next(ls))
+
+
+static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {+ Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
+ if (b->n + 1 > b->buffsize) {+ size_t newsize;
+ if (b->buffsize >= MAX_SIZET/2)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
+ newsize = b->buffsize * 2;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
+ }
+ b->buffer[b->n++] = cast(char, c);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) {+ TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]);
+ luaS_fix(ts); /* reserved words are never collected */
+ lua_assert(strlen(luaX_tokens[i])+1 <= TOKEN_LEN);
+ ts->tsv.reserved = cast_byte(i+1); /* reserved word */
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define MAXSRC 80
+
+
+const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {+ if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) {+ lua_assert(token == cast(unsigned char, token));
+ return (iscntrl(token)) ? luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "char(%d)", token) :
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%c", token);
+ }
+ else
+ return luaX_tokens[token-FIRST_RESERVED];
+}
+
+
+static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {+ switch (token) {+ case TK_NAME:
+ case TK_STRING:
+ case TK_NUMBER:
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ return luaZ_buffer(ls->buff);
+ default:
+ return luaX_token2str(ls, token);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) {+ char buff[MAXSRC];
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(ls->source), MAXSRC);
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, ls->linenumber, msg);
+ if (token)
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near " LUA_QS, msg, txtToken(ls, token));
+ luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {+ luaX_lexerror(ls, msg, ls->t.token);
+}
+
+
+TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l);
+ TValue *o = luaH_setstr(L, ls->fs->h, ts); /* entry for `str' */
+ if (ttisnil(o))
+ setbvalue(o, 1); /* make sure `str' will not be collected */
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {+ int old = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls));
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n' or `\r' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n\r' or `\r\n' */
+ if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines");
+}
+
+
+void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source) {+ ls->decpoint = '.';
+ ls->L = L;
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* no look-ahead token */
+ ls->z = z;
+ ls->fs = NULL;
+ ls->linenumber = 1;
+ ls->lastline = 1;
+ ls->source = source;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER); /* initialize buffer */
+ next(ls); /* read first char */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** =======================================================
+** LEXICAL ANALYZER
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+
+static int check_next (LexState *ls, const char *set) {+ if (!strchr(set, ls->current))
+ return 0;
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void buffreplace (LexState *ls, char from, char to) {+ size_t n = luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff);
+ char *p = luaZ_buffer(ls->buff);
+ while (n--)
+ if (p[n] == from) p[n] = to;
+}
+
+
+static void trydecpoint (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {+ /* format error: try to update decimal point separator */
+ struct lconv *cv = localeconv();
+ char old = ls->decpoint;
+ ls->decpoint = (cv ? cv->decimal_point[0] : '.');
+ buffreplace(ls, old, ls->decpoint); /* try updated decimal separator */
+ if (!luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &seminfo->r)) {+ /* format error with correct decimal point: no more options */
+ buffreplace(ls, ls->decpoint, '.'); /* undo change (for error message) */
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_NUMBER);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* LUA_NUMBER */
+static void read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {+ lua_assert(isdigit(ls->current));
+ do {+ save_and_next(ls);
+ } while (isdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.');
+ if (check_next(ls, "Ee")) /* `E'? */
+ check_next(ls, "+-"); /* optional exponent sign */
+ while (isalnum(ls->current) || ls->current == '_')
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ buffreplace(ls, '.', ls->decpoint); /* follow locale for decimal point */
+ if (!luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &seminfo->r)) /* format error? */
+ trydecpoint(ls, seminfo); /* try to update decimal point separator */
+}
+
+
+static int skip_sep (LexState *ls) {+ int count = 0;
+ int s = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']');
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ while (ls->current == '=') {+ save_and_next(ls);
+ count++;
+ }
+ return (ls->current == s) ? count : (-count) - 1;
+}
+
+
+static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, int sep) {+ int cont = 0;
+ (void)(cont); /* avoid warnings when `cont' is not used */
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls)) /* string starts with a newline? */
+ inclinenumber(ls); /* skip it */
+ for (;;) {+ switch (ls->current) {+ case EOZ:
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, (seminfo) ? "unfinished long string" :
+ "unfinished long comment", TK_EOS);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LSTR)
+ case '[': {+ if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */
+ cont++;
+#if LUA_COMPAT_LSTR == 1
+ if (sep == 0)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "nesting of [[...]] is deprecated", '[');
+#endif
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+#endif
+ case ']': {+ if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `]' */
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LSTR) && LUA_COMPAT_LSTR == 2
+ cont--;
+ if (sep == 0 && cont >= 0) break;
+#endif
+ goto endloop;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\n':
+ case '\r': {+ save(ls, '\n');
+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ if (!seminfo) luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* avoid wasting space */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ if (seminfo) save_and_next(ls);
+ else next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ } endloop:
+ if (seminfo)
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + (2 + sep),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2*(2 + sep));
+}
+
+
+static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {+ save_and_next(ls);
+ while (ls->current != del) {+ switch (ls->current) {+ case EOZ:
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_EOS);
+ continue; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\n':
+ case '\r':
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_STRING);
+ continue; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\\': {+ int c;
+ next(ls); /* do not save the `\' */
+ switch (ls->current) {+ case 'a': c = '\a'; break;
+ case 'b': c = '\b'; break;
+ case 'f': c = '\f'; break;
+ case 'n': c = '\n'; break;
+ case 'r': c = '\r'; break;
+ case 't': c = '\t'; break;
+ case 'v': c = '\v'; break;
+ case '\n': /* go through */
+ case '\r': save(ls, '\n'); inclinenumber(ls); continue;
+ case EOZ: continue; /* will raise an error next loop */
+ default: {+ if (!isdigit(ls->current))
+ save_and_next(ls); /* handles \\, \", \', and \? */
+ else { /* \xxx */+ int i = 0;
+ c = 0;
+ do {+ c = 10*c + (ls->current-'0');
+ next(ls);
+ } while (++i<3 && isdigit(ls->current));
+ if (c > UCHAR_MAX)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "escape sequence too large", TK_STRING);
+ save(ls, c);
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ save(ls, c);
+ next(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ default:
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip delimiter */
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + 1,
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2);
+}
+
+
+static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+ for (;;) {+ switch (ls->current) {+ case '\n':
+ case '\r': {+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case '-': {+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '-') return '-';
+ /* else is a comment */
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current == '[') {+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* `skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
+ if (sep >= 0) {+ read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep); /* long comment */
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ /* else short comment */
+ while (!currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != EOZ)
+ next(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case '[': {+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ if (sep >= 0) {+ read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ else if (sep == -1) return '[';
+ else luaX_lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+ }
+ case '=': {+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '=';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_EQ; }+ }
+ case '<': {+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '<';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_LE; }+ }
+ case '>': {+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '>';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_GE; }+ }
+ case '~': {+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '~';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_NE; }+ }
+ case '"':
+ case '\'': {+ read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ case '.': {+ save_and_next(ls);
+ if (check_next(ls, ".")) {+ if (check_next(ls, "."))
+ return TK_DOTS; /* ... */
+ else return TK_CONCAT; /* .. */
+ }
+ else if (!isdigit(ls->current)) return '.';
+ else {+ read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+ return TK_NUMBER;
+ }
+ }
+ case EOZ: {+ return TK_EOS;
+ }
+ default: {+ if (isspace(ls->current)) {+ lua_assert(!currIsNewline(ls));
+ next(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (isdigit(ls->current)) {+ read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+ return TK_NUMBER;
+ }
+ else if (isalpha(ls->current) || ls->current == '_') {+ /* identifier or reserved word */
+ TString *ts;
+ do {+ save_and_next(ls);
+ } while (isalnum(ls->current) || ls->current == '_');
+ ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+ if (ts->tsv.reserved > 0) /* reserved word? */
+ return ts->tsv.reserved - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
+ else {+ seminfo->ts = ts;
+ return TK_NAME;
+ }
+ }
+ else {+ int c = ls->current;
+ next(ls);
+ return c; /* single-char tokens (+ - / ...) */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_next (LexState *ls) {+ ls->lastline = ls->linenumber;
+ if (ls->lookahead.token != TK_EOS) { /* is there a look-ahead token? */+ ls->t = ls->lookahead; /* use this one */
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* and discharge it */
+ }
+ else
+ ls->t.token = llex(ls, &ls->t.seminfo); /* read next token */
+}
+
+
+void luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls) {+ lua_assert(ls->lookahead.token == TK_EOS);
+ ls->lookahead.token = llex(ls, &ls->lookahead.seminfo);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/llex.h
@@ -1,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llex.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llex_h
+#define llex_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define FIRST_RESERVED 257
+
+/* maximum length of a reserved word */
+#define TOKEN_LEN (sizeof("function")/sizeof(char))+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER RESERVED"
+*/
+enum RESERVED {+ /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
+ TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
+ TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
+ TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
+ TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+ /* other terminal symbols */
+ TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE, TK_NUMBER,
+ TK_NAME, TK_STRING, TK_EOS
+};
+
+/* number of reserved words */
+#define NUM_RESERVED (cast(int, TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED+1))
+
+
+/* array with token `names' */
+LUAI_DATA const char *const luaX_tokens [];
+
+
+typedef union {+ lua_Number r;
+ TString *ts;
+} SemInfo; /* semantics information */
+
+
+typedef struct Token {+ int token;
+ SemInfo seminfo;
+} Token;
+
+
+typedef struct LexState {+ int current; /* current character (charint) */
+ int linenumber; /* input line counter */
+ int lastline; /* line of last token `consumed' */
+ Token t; /* current token */
+ Token lookahead; /* look ahead token */
+ struct FuncState *fs; /* `FuncState' is private to the parser */
+ struct lua_State *L;
+ ZIO *z; /* input stream */
+ Mbuffer *buff; /* buffer for tokens */
+ TString *source; /* current source name */
+ char decpoint; /* locale decimal point */
+} LexState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z,
+ TString *source);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_next (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *s);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/llimits.h
@@ -1,0 +1,128 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llimits.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Limits, basic types, and some other `installation-dependent' definitions
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llimits_h
+#define llimits_h
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+typedef LUAI_UINT32 lu_int32;
+
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
+
+typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+
+
+
+/* chars used as small naturals (so that `char' is reserved for characters) */
+typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
+
+
+#define MAX_SIZET ((size_t)(~(size_t)0)-2)
+
+#define MAX_LUMEM ((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0)-2)
+
+
+#define MAX_INT (INT_MAX-2) /* maximum value of an int (-2 for safety) */
+
+/*
+** conversion of pointer to integer
+** this is for hashing only; there is no problem if the integer
+** cannot hold the whole pointer value
+*/
+#define IntPoint(p) ((unsigned int)(lu_mem)(p))
+
+
+
+/* type to ensure maximum alignment */
+typedef LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T L_Umaxalign;
+
+
+/* result of a `usual argument conversion' over lua_Number */
+typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber;
+
+
+/* internal assertions for in-house debugging */
+#ifdef lua_assert
+
+#define check_exp(c,e) (lua_assert(c), (e))
+#define api_check(l,e) lua_assert(e)
+
+#else
+
+#define lua_assert(c) ((void)0)
+#define check_exp(c,e) (e)
+#define api_check luai_apicheck
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef UNUSED
+#define UNUSED(x) ((void)(x)) /* to avoid warnings */
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef cast
+#define cast(t, exp) ((t)(exp))
+#endif
+
+#define cast_byte(i) cast(lu_byte, (i))
+#define cast_num(i) cast(lua_Number, (i))
+#define cast_int(i) cast(int, (i))
+
+
+
+/*
+** type for virtual-machine instructions
+** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
+*/
+typedef lu_int32 Instruction;
+
+
+
+/* maximum stack for a Lua function */
+#define MAXSTACK 250
+
+
+
+/* minimum size for the string table (must be power of 2) */
+#ifndef MINSTRTABSIZE
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE 32
+#endif
+
+
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#ifndef LUA_MINBUFFER
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER 32
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef lua_lock
+#define lua_lock(L) ((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L) ((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef luai_threadyield
+#define luai_threadyield(L) {lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+*/
+#ifndef HARDSTACKTESTS
+#define condhardstacktests(x) ((void)0)
+#else
+#define condhardstacktests(x) x
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lmathlib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmathlib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Standard mathematical library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define lmathlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#undef PI
+#define PI (3.14159265358979323846)
+#define RADIANS_PER_DEGREE (PI/180.0)
+
+
+
+static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, fabs(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, sin(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, sinh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, cos(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, cosh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, tan(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, tanh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, asin(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, acos(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, atan(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan2 (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, atan2(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, ceil(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, floor(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, fmod(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_modf (lua_State *L) {+ double ip;
+ double fp = modf(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &ip);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ip);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, fp);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, sqrt(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, pow(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, log(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, log10(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, exp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)/RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)*RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {+ int e;
+ lua_pushnumber(L, frexp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, e);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, ldexp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checkint(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+static int math_min (lua_State *L) {+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number dmin = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
+ if (d < dmin)
+ dmin = d;
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmin);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_max (lua_State *L) {+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number dmax = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
+ if (d > dmax)
+ dmax = d;
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmax);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_random (lua_State *L) {+ /* the `%' avoids the (rare) case of r==1, and is needed also because on
+ some systems (SunOS!) `rand()' may return a value larger than RAND_MAX */
+ lua_Number r = (lua_Number)(rand()%RAND_MAX) / (lua_Number)RAND_MAX;
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) { /* check number of arguments */+ case 0: { /* no arguments */+ lua_pushnumber(L, r); /* Number between 0 and 1 */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 1: { /* only upper limit */+ int u = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1<=u, 1, "interval is empty");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*u)+1); /* int between 1 and `u' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 2: { /* lower and upper limits */+ int l = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ int u = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, l<=u, 2, "interval is empty");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*(u-l+1))+l); /* int between `l' and `u' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {+ srand(luaL_checkint(L, 1));
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {+ {"abs", math_abs},+ {"acos", math_acos},+ {"asin", math_asin},+ {"atan2", math_atan2},+ {"atan", math_atan},+ {"ceil", math_ceil},+ {"cosh", math_cosh},+ {"cos", math_cos},+ {"deg", math_deg},+ {"exp", math_exp},+ {"floor", math_floor},+ {"fmod", math_fmod},+ {"frexp", math_frexp},+ {"ldexp", math_ldexp},+ {"log10", math_log10},+ {"log", math_log},+ {"max", math_max},+ {"min", math_min},+ {"modf", math_modf},+ {"pow", math_pow},+ {"rad", math_rad},+ {"random", math_random},+ {"randomseed", math_randomseed},+ {"sinh", math_sinh},+ {"sin", math_sin},+ {"sqrt", math_sqrt},+ {"tanh", math_tanh},+ {"tan", math_tan},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+/*
+** Open math library
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_register(L, LUA_MATHLIBNAME, mathlib);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, PI);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, HUGE_VAL);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge");
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MOD)
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "fmod");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "mod");
+#endif
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lmem.c
@@ -1,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:39 rrt Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lmem_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** About the realloc function:
+** void * frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+** (`osize' is the old size, `nsize' is the new size)
+**
+** Lua ensures that (ptr == NULL) iff (osize == 0).
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, x) creates a new block of size `x'
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block `p'
+** (in this specific case, frealloc must return NULL).
+** particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing
+** (which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ANSI C)
+**
+** frealloc returns NULL if it cannot create or reallocate the area
+** (any reallocation to an equal or smaller size cannot fail!)
+*/
+
+
+
+#define MINSIZEARRAY 4
+
+
+void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size, size_t size_elems,
+ int limit, const char *errormsg) {+ void *newblock;
+ int newsize;
+ if (*size >= limit/2) { /* cannot double it? */+ if (*size >= limit) /* cannot grow even a little? */
+ luaG_runerror(L, errormsg);
+ newsize = limit; /* still have at least one free place */
+ }
+ else {+ newsize = (*size)*2;
+ if (newsize < MINSIZEARRAY)
+ newsize = MINSIZEARRAY; /* minimum size */
+ }
+ newblock = luaM_reallocv(L, block, *size, newsize, size_elems);
+ *size = newsize; /* update only when everything else is OK */
+ return newblock;
+}
+
+
+void *luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) {+ luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big");
+ return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** generic allocation routine.
+*/
+void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+ block = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize);
+ if (block == NULL && nsize > 0)
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
+ lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+ g->totalbytes = (g->totalbytes - osize) + nsize;
+ return block;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lmem.h
@@ -1,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lmem_h
+#define lmem_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#define MEMERRMSG "not enough memory"
+
+
+#define luaM_reallocv(L,b,on,n,e) \
+ ((cast(size_t, (n)+1) <= MAX_SIZET/(e)) ? /* +1 to avoid warnings */ \
+ luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (on)*(e), (n)*(e)) : \
+ luaM_toobig(L))
+
+#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (s), 0)
+#define luaM_free(L, b) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)), 0)
+#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n, t) luaM_reallocv(L, (b), n, 0, sizeof(t))
+
+#define luaM_malloc(L,t) luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, 0, (t))
+#define luaM_new(L,t) cast(t *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeof(t)))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t) \
+ cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, NULL, 0, n, sizeof(t)))
+
+#define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
+ if ((nelems)+1 > (size)) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,&(size),sizeof(t),limit,e)))
+
+#define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, v, oldn, n, sizeof(t))))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+ size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_toobig (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
+ size_t size_elem, int limit,
+ const char *errormsg);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/loadlib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,663 @@
+/*
+** $Id: loadlib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Dynamic library loader for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+**
+** This module contains an implementation of loadlib for Unix systems
+** that have dlfcn, an implementation for Darwin (Mac OS X), an
+** implementation for Windows, and a stub for other systems.
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define loadlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/* prefix for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_POF "luaopen_"
+
+/* separator for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_OFSEP "_"
+
+
+#define LIBPREFIX "LOADLIB: "
+
+#define POF LUA_POF
+#define LIB_FAIL "open"
+
+
+/* error codes for ll_loadfunc */
+#define ERRLIB 1
+#define ERRFUNC 2
+
+#define setprogdir(L) ((void)0)
+
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib);
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path);
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DL_DLOPEN)
+/*
+** {========================================================================+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.
+** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,
+** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and probably most other Unix flavors, at least
+** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.
+** =========================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {+ dlclose(lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {+ void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
+ if (lib == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+ return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)dlsym(lib, sym);
+ if (f == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+ return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)
+/*
+** {======================================================================+** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions.
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+
+#undef setprogdir
+
+static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) {+ char buff[MAX_PATH + 1];
+ char *lb;
+ DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char);
+ DWORD n = GetModuleFileName(NULL, buff, nsize);
+ if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName");
+ else {+ *lb = '\0';
+ luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXECDIR, buff);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove original string */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {+ int error = GetLastError();
+ char buffer[128];
+ if (FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
+ NULL, error, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL))
+ lua_pushstring(L, buffer);
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error);
+}
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {+ FreeLibrary((HINSTANCE)lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {+ HINSTANCE lib = LoadLibrary(path);
+ if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)GetProcAddress((HINSTANCE)lib, sym);
+ if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DYLD)
+/*
+** {======================================================================+** Native Mac OS X / Darwin Implementation
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+
+
+/* Mac appends a `_' before C function names */
+#undef POF
+#define POF "_" LUA_POF
+
+
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {+ const char *err_str;
+ const char *err_file;
+ NSLinkEditErrors err;
+ int err_num;
+ NSLinkEditError(&err, &err_num, &err_file, &err_str);
+ lua_pushstring(L, err_str);
+}
+
+
+static const char *errorfromcode (NSObjectFileImageReturnCode ret) {+ switch (ret) {+ case NSObjectFileImageInappropriateFile:
+ return "file is not a bundle";
+ case NSObjectFileImageArch:
+ return "library is for wrong CPU type";
+ case NSObjectFileImageFormat:
+ return "bad format";
+ case NSObjectFileImageAccess:
+ return "cannot access file";
+ case NSObjectFileImageFailure:
+ default:
+ return "unable to load library";
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {+ NSUnLinkModule((NSModule)lib, NSUNLINKMODULE_OPTION_RESET_LAZY_REFERENCES);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {+ NSObjectFileImage img;
+ NSObjectFileImageReturnCode ret;
+ /* this would be a rare case, but prevents crashing if it happens */
+ if(!_dyld_present()) {+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dyld not present");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ ret = NSCreateObjectFileImageFromFile(path, &img);
+ if (ret == NSObjectFileImageSuccess) {+ NSModule mod = NSLinkModule(img, path, NSLINKMODULE_OPTION_PRIVATE |
+ NSLINKMODULE_OPTION_RETURN_ON_ERROR);
+ NSDestroyObjectFileImage(img);
+ if (mod == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return mod;
+ }
+ lua_pushstring(L, errorfromcode(ret));
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {+ NSSymbol nss = NSLookupSymbolInModule((NSModule)lib, sym);
+ if (nss == NULL) {+ lua_pushfstring(L, "symbol " LUA_QS " not found", sym);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ return (lua_CFunction)NSAddressOfSymbol(nss);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#else
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Fallback for other systems
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#undef LIB_FAIL
+#define LIB_FAIL "absent"
+
+
+#define DLMSG "dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation"
+
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {+ (void)lib; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {+ (void)path; /* to avoid warnings */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {+ (void)lib; (void)sym; /* to avoid warnings */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+#endif
+
+
+
+static void **ll_register (lua_State *L, const char *path) {+ void **plib;
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path);
+ lua_gettable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* check library in registry? */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is there an entry? */
+ plib = (void **)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+ else { /* no entry yet; create one */+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ plib = (void **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(const void *));
+ *plib = NULL;
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB");
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_settable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+ return plib;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** __gc tag method: calls library's `ll_unloadlib' function with the lib
+** handle
+*/
+static int gctm (lua_State *L) {+ void **lib = (void **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, "_LOADLIB");
+ if (*lib) ll_unloadlib(*lib);
+ *lib = NULL; /* mark library as closed */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {+ void **reg = ll_register(L, path);
+ if (*reg == NULL) *reg = ll_load(L, path);
+ if (*reg == NULL)
+ return ERRLIB; /* unable to load library */
+ else {+ lua_CFunction f = ll_sym(L, *reg, sym);
+ if (f == NULL)
+ return ERRFUNC; /* unable to find function */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, f);
+ return 0; /* return function */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) {+ const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ int stat = ll_loadfunc(L, path, init);
+ if (stat == 0) /* no errors? */
+ return 1; /* return the loaded function */
+ else { /* error; error message is on stack top */+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ? LIB_FAIL : "init");
+ return 3; /* return nil, error message, and where */
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** 'require' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int readable (const char *filename) {+ FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r"); /* try to open file */
+ if (f == NULL) return 0; /* open failed */
+ fclose(f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const char *pushnexttemplate (lua_State *L, const char *path) {+ const char *l;
+ while (*path == *LUA_PATHSEP) path++; /* skip separators */
+ if (*path == '\0') return NULL; /* no more templates */
+ l = strchr(path, *LUA_PATHSEP); /* find next separator */
+ if (l == NULL) l = path + strlen(path);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, path, l - path); /* template */
+ return l;
+}
+
+
+static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+ const char *pname) {+ const char *path;
+ name = luaL_gsub(L, name, ".", LUA_DIRSEP);
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, pname);
+ path = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (path == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.%s") " must be a string", pname);+ lua_pushstring(L, ""); /* error accumulator */
+ while ((path = pushnexttemplate(L, path)) != NULL) {+ const char *filename;
+ filename = luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_PATH_MARK, name);
+ if (readable(filename)) /* does file exist and is readable? */
+ return filename; /* return that file name */
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove path template and file name */
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno file " LUA_QS, filename);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static void loaderror (lua_State *L, const char *filename) {+ luaL_error(L, "error loading module " LUA_QS " from file " LUA_QS ":\n\t%s",
+ lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+}
+
+
+static int loader_Lua (lua_State *L) {+ const char *filename;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ filename = findfile(L, name, "path");
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* library not found in this path */
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) != 0)
+ loaderror(L, filename);
+ return 1; /* library loaded successfully */
+}
+
+
+static const char *mkfuncname (lua_State *L, const char *modname) {+ const char *funcname;
+ const char *mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);
+ if (mark) modname = mark + 1;
+ funcname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP);
+ funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, POF"%s", funcname);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 'gsub' result */
+ return funcname;
+}
+
+
+static int loader_C (lua_State *L) {+ const char *funcname;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *filename = findfile(L, name, "cpath");
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* library not found in this path */
+ funcname = mkfuncname(L, name);
+ if (ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname) != 0)
+ loaderror(L, filename);
+ return 1; /* library loaded successfully */
+}
+
+
+static int loader_Croot (lua_State *L) {+ const char *funcname;
+ const char *filename;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *p = strchr(name, '.');
+ int stat;
+ if (p == NULL) return 0; /* is root */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);
+ filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath");
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* root not found */
+ funcname = mkfuncname(L, name);
+ if ((stat = ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname)) != 0) {+ if (stat != ERRFUNC) loaderror(L, filename); /* real error */
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno module " LUA_QS " in file " LUA_QS,
+ name, filename);
+ return 1; /* function not found */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int loader_preload (lua_State *L) {+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, "preload");
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.preload") " must be a table");+ lua_getfield(L, -1, name);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* not found? */
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno field package.preload['%s']", name);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const int sentinel_ = 0;
+#define sentinel ((void *)&sentinel_)
+
+
+static int ll_require (lua_State *L) {+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* _LOADED table will be at index 2 */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name);
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* is it there? */+ if (lua_touserdata(L, -1) == sentinel) /* check loops */
+ luaL_error(L, "loop or previous error loading module " LUA_QS, name);
+ return 1; /* package is already loaded */
+ }
+ /* else must load it; iterate over available loaders */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, "loaders");
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.loaders") " must be a table");+ lua_pushstring(L, ""); /* error message accumulator */
+ for (i=1; ; i++) {+ lua_rawgeti(L, -2, i); /* get a loader */
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "module " LUA_QS " not found:%s",
+ name, lua_tostring(L, -2));
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* call it */
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) /* did it find module? */
+ break; /* module loaded successfully */
+ else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) /* loader returned error message? */
+ lua_concat(L, 2); /* accumulate it */
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, sentinel);
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = sentinel */
+ lua_pushstring(L, name); /* pass name as argument to module */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* run loaded module */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* non-nil return? */
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = returned value */
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name);
+ if (lua_touserdata(L, -1) == sentinel) { /* module did not set a value? */+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* use true as result */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* extra copy to be returned */
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = true */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** 'module' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void setfenv (lua_State *L) {+ lua_Debug ar;
+ lua_getstack(L, 1, &ar);
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_setfenv(L, -2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void dooptions (lua_State *L, int n) {+ int i;
+ for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* get option (a function) */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* module */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void modinit (lua_State *L, const char *modname) {+ const char *dot;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_M"); /* module._M = module */
+ lua_pushstring(L, modname);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_NAME");
+ dot = strrchr(modname, '.'); /* look for last dot in module name */
+ if (dot == NULL) dot = modname;
+ else dot++;
+ /* set _PACKAGE as package name (full module name minus last part) */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, modname, dot - modname);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_PACKAGE");
+}
+
+
+static int ll_module (lua_State *L) {+ const char *modname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ int loaded = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of _LOADED table */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+ lua_getfield(L, loaded, modname); /* get _LOADED[modname] */
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */
+ /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */
+ if (luaL_findtable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, modname, 1) != NULL)
+ return luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, modname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, loaded, modname); /* _LOADED[modname] = new table */
+ }
+ /* check whether table already has a _NAME field */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "_NAME");
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is table an initialized module? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ else { /* no; initialize it */+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ modinit(L, modname);
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ setfenv(L);
+ dooptions(L, loaded - 1);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int ll_seeall (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create new metatable */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* mt.__index = _G */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/* auxiliary mark (for internal use) */
+#define AUXMARK "\1"
+
+static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname, const char *envname,
+ const char *def) {+ const char *path = getenv(envname);
+ if (path == NULL) /* no environment variable? */
+ lua_pushstring(L, def); /* use default */
+ else {+ /* replace ";;" by ";AUXMARK;" and then AUXMARK by default path */
+ path = luaL_gsub(L, path, LUA_PATHSEP LUA_PATHSEP,
+ LUA_PATHSEP AUXMARK LUA_PATHSEP);
+ luaL_gsub(L, path, AUXMARK, def);
+ lua_remove(L, -2);
+ }
+ setprogdir(L);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fieldname);
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = {+ {"loadlib", ll_loadlib},+ {"seeall", ll_seeall},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = {+ {"module", ll_module},+ {"require", ll_require},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+static const lua_CFunction loaders[] =
+ {loader_preload, loader_Lua, loader_C, loader_Croot, NULL};+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {+ int i;
+ /* create new type _LOADLIB */
+ luaL_newmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB");
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");
+ /* create `package' table */
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, pk_funcs);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB)
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "loadlib");
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "loadlib");
+#endif
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_replace(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX);
+ /* create `loaders' table */
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, sizeof(loaders)/sizeof(loaders[0]) - 1);
+ /* fill it with pre-defined loaders */
+ for (i=0; loaders[i] != NULL; i++) {+ lua_pushcfunction(L, loaders[i]);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);
+ }
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaders"); /* put it in field `loaders' */
+ setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATH, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT); /* set field `path' */
+ setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATH, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT); /* set field `cpath' */
+ /* store config information */
+ lua_pushstring(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATHSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n"
+ LUA_EXECDIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "config");
+ /* set field `loaded' */
+ luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", 2);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");
+ /* set field `preload' */
+ lua_newtable(L);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
+ luaL_register(L, NULL, ll_funcs); /* open lib into global table */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1; /* return 'package' table */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lobject.c
@@ -1,0 +1,214 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Some generic functions over Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lobject_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const TValue luaO_nilobject_ = {{NULL}, LUA_TNIL};+
+
+/*
+** converts an integer to a "floating point byte", represented as
+** (eeeeexxx), where the real value is (1xxx) * 2^(eeeee - 1) if
+** eeeee != 0 and (xxx) otherwise.
+*/
+int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x) {+ int e = 0; /* expoent */
+ while (x >= 16) {+ x = (x+1) >> 1;
+ e++;
+ }
+ if (x < 8) return x;
+ else return ((e+1) << 3) | (cast_int(x) - 8);
+}
+
+
+/* converts back */
+int luaO_fb2int (int x) {+ int e = (x >> 3) & 31;
+ if (e == 0) return x;
+ else return ((x & 7)+8) << (e - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaO_log2 (unsigned int x) {+ static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {+ 0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
+ 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8
+ };
+ int l = -1;
+ while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }+ return l + log_2[x];
+
+}
+
+
+int luaO_rawequalObj (const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {+ if (ttype(t1) != ttype(t2)) return 0;
+ else switch (ttype(t1)) {+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ return 1;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* boolean true must be 1 !! */
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+ default:
+ lua_assert(iscollectable(t1));
+ return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result) {+ char *endptr;
+ *result = lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+ if (endptr == s) return 0; /* conversion failed */
+ if (*endptr == 'x' || *endptr == 'X') /* maybe an hexadecimal constant? */
+ *result = cast_num(strtoul(s, &endptr, 16));
+ if (*endptr == '\0') return 1; /* most common case */
+ while (isspace(cast(unsigned char, *endptr))) endptr++;
+ if (*endptr != '\0') return 0; /* invalid trailing characters? */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+static void pushstr (lua_State *L, const char *str) {+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, str));
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+/* this function handles only `%d', `%c', %f, %p, and `%s' formats */
+const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {+ int n = 1;
+ pushstr(L, "");
+ for (;;) {+ const char *e = strchr(fmt, '%');
+ if (e == NULL) break;
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, fmt, e-fmt));
+ incr_top(L);
+ switch (*(e+1)) {+ case 's': {+ const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
+ if (s == NULL) s = "(null)";
+ pushstr(L, s);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'c': {+ char buff[2];
+ buff[0] = cast(char, va_arg(argp, int));
+ buff[1] = '\0';
+ pushstr(L, buff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'd': {+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, int)));
+ incr_top(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'f': {+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
+ incr_top(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'p': {+ char buff[4*sizeof(void *) + 8]; /* should be enough space for a `%p' */
+ sprintf(buff, "%p", va_arg(argp, void *));
+ pushstr(L, buff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '%': {+ pushstr(L, "%");
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ char buff[3];
+ buff[0] = '%';
+ buff[1] = *(e+1);
+ buff[2] = '\0';
+ pushstr(L, buff);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n += 2;
+ fmt = e+2;
+ }
+ pushstr(L, fmt);
+ luaV_concat(L, n+1, cast_int(L->top - L->base) - 1);
+ L->top -= n;
+ return svalue(L->top - 1);
+}
+
+
+const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {+ const char *msg;
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ return msg;
+}
+
+
+void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t bufflen) {+ if (*source == '=') {+ strncpy(out, source+1, bufflen); /* remove first char */
+ out[bufflen-1] = '\0'; /* ensures null termination */
+ }
+ else { /* out = "source", or "...source" */+ if (*source == '@') {+ size_t l;
+ source++; /* skip the `@' */
+ bufflen -= sizeof(" '...' ");+ l = strlen(source);
+ strcpy(out, "");
+ if (l > bufflen) {+ source += (l-bufflen); /* get last part of file name */
+ strcat(out, "...");
+ }
+ strcat(out, source);
+ }
+ else { /* out = [string "string"] */+ size_t len = strcspn(source, "\n\r"); /* stop at first newline */
+ bufflen -= sizeof(" [string \"...\"] ");+ if (len > bufflen) len = bufflen;
+ strcpy(out, "[string \"");
+ if (source[len] != '\0') { /* must truncate? */+ strncat(out, source, len);
+ strcat(out, "...");
+ }
+ else
+ strcat(out, source);
+ strcat(out, "\"]");
+ }
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lobject.h
@@ -1,0 +1,381 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Type definitions for Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lobject_h
+#define lobject_h
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* tags for values visible from Lua */
+#define LAST_TAG LUA_TTHREAD
+
+#define NUM_TAGS (LAST_TAG+1)
+
+
+/*
+** Extra tags for non-values
+*/
+#define LUA_TPROTO (LAST_TAG+1)
+#define LUA_TUPVAL (LAST_TAG+2)
+#define LUA_TDEADKEY (LAST_TAG+3)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+typedef union GCObject GCObject;
+
+
+/*
+** Common Header for all collectable objects (in macro form, to be
+** included in other objects)
+*/
+#define CommonHeader GCObject *next; lu_byte tt; lu_byte marked
+
+
+/*
+** Common header in struct form
+*/
+typedef struct GCheader {+ CommonHeader;
+} GCheader;
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all Lua values
+*/
+typedef union {+ GCObject *gc;
+ void *p;
+ lua_Number n;
+ int b;
+} Value;
+
+
+/*
+** Tagged Values
+*/
+
+#define TValuefields Value value; int tt
+
+typedef struct lua_TValue {+ TValuefields;
+} TValue;
+
+
+/* Macros to test type */
+#define ttisnil(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define ttisnumber(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+#define ttisstring(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TSTRING)
+#define ttistable(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TTABLE)
+#define ttisfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisboolean(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define ttisuserdata(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TUSERDATA)
+#define ttisthread(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TTHREAD)
+#define ttislightuserdata(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+
+/* Macros to access values */
+#define ttype(o) ((o)->tt)
+#define gcvalue(o) check_exp(iscollectable(o), (o)->value.gc)
+#define pvalue(o) check_exp(ttislightuserdata(o), (o)->value.p)
+#define nvalue(o) check_exp(ttisnumber(o), (o)->value.n)
+#define rawtsvalue(o) check_exp(ttisstring(o), &(o)->value.gc->ts)
+#define tsvalue(o) (&rawtsvalue(o)->tsv)
+#define rawuvalue(o) check_exp(ttisuserdata(o), &(o)->value.gc->u)
+#define uvalue(o) (&rawuvalue(o)->uv)
+#define clvalue(o) check_exp(ttisfunction(o), &(o)->value.gc->cl)
+#define hvalue(o) check_exp(ttistable(o), &(o)->value.gc->h)
+#define bvalue(o) check_exp(ttisboolean(o), (o)->value.b)
+#define thvalue(o) check_exp(ttisthread(o), &(o)->value.gc->th)
+
+#define l_isfalse(o) (ttisnil(o) || (ttisboolean(o) && bvalue(o) == 0))
+
+/*
+** for internal debug only
+*/
+#define checkconsistency(obj) \
+ lua_assert(!iscollectable(obj) || (ttype(obj) == (obj)->value.gc->gch.tt))
+
+#define checkliveness(g,obj) \
+ lua_assert(!iscollectable(obj) || \
+ ((ttype(obj) == (obj)->value.gc->gch.tt) && !isdead(g, (obj)->value.gc)))
+
+
+/* Macros to set values */
+#define setnilvalue(obj) ((obj)->tt=LUA_TNIL)
+
+#define setnvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.n=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TNUMBER; }+
+#define setpvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.p=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA; }+
+#define setbvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.b=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TBOOLEAN; }+
+#define setsvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TSTRING; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setuvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TUSERDATA; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setthvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TTHREAD; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setclvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TFUNCTION; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define sethvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TTABLE; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setptvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TPROTO; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+
+
+
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+ { const TValue *o2=(obj2); TValue *o1=(obj1); \+ o1->value = o2->value; o1->tt=o2->tt; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),o1); }
+
+
+/*
+** different types of sets, according to destination
+*/
+
+/* from stack to (same) stack */
+#define setobjs2s setobj
+/* to stack (not from same stack) */
+#define setobj2s setobj
+#define setsvalue2s setsvalue
+#define sethvalue2s sethvalue
+#define setptvalue2s setptvalue
+/* from table to same table */
+#define setobjt2t setobj
+/* to table */
+#define setobj2t setobj
+/* to new object */
+#define setobj2n setobj
+#define setsvalue2n setsvalue
+
+#define setttype(obj, tt) (ttype(obj) = (tt))
+
+
+#define iscollectable(o) (ttype(o) >= LUA_TSTRING)
+
+
+
+typedef TValue *StkId; /* index to stack elements */
+
+
+/*
+** String headers for string table
+*/
+typedef union TString {+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for strings */
+ struct {+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte reserved;
+ unsigned int hash;
+ size_t len;
+ } tsv;
+} TString;
+
+
+#define getstr(ts) cast(const char *, (ts) + 1)
+#define svalue(o) getstr(tsvalue(o))
+
+
+
+typedef union Udata {+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for `local' udata */
+ struct {+ CommonHeader;
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ struct Table *env;
+ size_t len;
+ } uv;
+} Udata;
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Function Prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Proto {+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *k; /* constants used by the function */
+ Instruction *code;
+ struct Proto **p; /* functions defined inside the function */
+ int *lineinfo; /* map from opcodes to source lines */
+ struct LocVar *locvars; /* information about local variables */
+ TString **upvalues; /* upvalue names */
+ TString *source;
+ int sizeupvalues;
+ int sizek; /* size of `k' */
+ int sizecode;
+ int sizelineinfo;
+ int sizep; /* size of `p' */
+ int sizelocvars;
+ int linedefined;
+ int lastlinedefined;
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ lu_byte nups; /* number of upvalues */
+ lu_byte numparams;
+ lu_byte is_vararg;
+ lu_byte maxstacksize;
+} Proto;
+
+
+/* masks for new-style vararg */
+#define VARARG_HASARG 1
+#define VARARG_ISVARARG 2
+#define VARARG_NEEDSARG 4
+
+
+typedef struct LocVar {+ TString *varname;
+ int startpc; /* first point where variable is active */
+ int endpc; /* first point where variable is dead */
+} LocVar;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Upvalues
+*/
+
+typedef struct UpVal {+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *v; /* points to stack or to its own value */
+ union {+ TValue value; /* the value (when closed) */
+ struct { /* double linked list (when open) */+ struct UpVal *prev;
+ struct UpVal *next;
+ } l;
+ } u;
+} UpVal;
+
+
+/*
+** Closures
+*/
+
+#define ClosureHeader \
+ CommonHeader; lu_byte isC; lu_byte nupvalues; GCObject *gclist; \
+ struct Table *env
+
+typedef struct CClosure {+ ClosureHeader;
+ lua_CFunction f;
+ TValue upvalue[1];
+} CClosure;
+
+
+typedef struct LClosure {+ ClosureHeader;
+ struct Proto *p;
+ UpVal *upvals[1];
+} LClosure;
+
+
+typedef union Closure {+ CClosure c;
+ LClosure l;
+} Closure;
+
+
+#define iscfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION && clvalue(o)->c.isC)
+#define isLfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION && !clvalue(o)->c.isC)
+
+
+/*
+** Tables
+*/
+
+typedef union TKey {+ struct {+ TValuefields;
+ struct Node *next; /* for chaining */
+ } nk;
+ TValue tvk;
+} TKey;
+
+
+typedef struct Node {+ TValue i_val;
+ TKey i_key;
+} Node;
+
+
+typedef struct Table {+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte flags; /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */
+ lu_byte lsizenode; /* log2 of size of `node' array */
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ TValue *array; /* array part */
+ Node *node;
+ Node *lastfree; /* any free position is before this position */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ int sizearray; /* size of `array' array */
+} Table;
+
+
+
+/*
+** `module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2)
+*/
+#define lmod(s,size) \
+ (check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast(int, (s) & ((size)-1)))))
+
+
+#define twoto(x) (1<<(x))
+#define sizenode(t) (twoto((t)->lsizenode))
+
+
+#define luaO_nilobject (&luaO_nilobject_)
+
+LUAI_DATA const TValue luaO_nilobject_;
+
+#define ceillog2(x) (luaO_log2((x)-1) + 1)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_log2 (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_fb2int (int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_rawequalObj (const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t len);
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lopcodes.c
@@ -1,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define lopcodes_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1] = {+ "MOVE",
+ "LOADK",
+ "LOADBOOL",
+ "LOADNIL",
+ "GETUPVAL",
+ "GETGLOBAL",
+ "GETTABLE",
+ "SETGLOBAL",
+ "SETUPVAL",
+ "SETTABLE",
+ "NEWTABLE",
+ "SELF",
+ "ADD",
+ "SUB",
+ "MUL",
+ "DIV",
+ "MOD",
+ "POW",
+ "UNM",
+ "NOT",
+ "LEN",
+ "CONCAT",
+ "JMP",
+ "EQ",
+ "LT",
+ "LE",
+ "TEST",
+ "TESTSET",
+ "CALL",
+ "TAILCALL",
+ "RETURN",
+ "FORLOOP",
+ "FORPREP",
+ "TFORLOOP",
+ "SETLIST",
+ "CLOSE",
+ "CLOSURE",
+ "VARARG",
+ NULL
+};
+
+
+#define opmode(t,a,b,c,m) (((t)<<7) | ((a)<<6) | ((b)<<4) | ((c)<<2) | (m))
+
+const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {+/* T A B C mode opcode */
+ opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_MOVE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_LOADK */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_LOADBOOL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LOADNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_GETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_GETGLOBAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_GETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_SETGLOBAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_SETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SELF */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_ADD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SUB */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MUL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_DIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MOD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_POW */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_UNM */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_NOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LEN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgR, iABC) /* OP_CONCAT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_JMP */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_EQ */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LT */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LE */
+ ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TEST */
+ ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TESTSET */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_CALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TAILCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_RETURN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORPREP */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TFORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgN, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_CLOSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_CLOSURE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_VARARG */
+};
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lopcodes.h
@@ -1,0 +1,268 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lopcodes_h
+#define lopcodes_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ We assume that instructions are unsigned numbers.
+ All instructions have an opcode in the first 6 bits.
+ Instructions can have the following fields:
+ `A' : 8 bits
+ `B' : 9 bits
+ `C' : 9 bits
+ `Bx' : 18 bits (`B' and `C' together)
+ `sBx' : signed Bx
+
+ A signed argument is represented in excess K; that is, the number
+ value is the unsigned value minus K. K is exactly the maximum value
+ for that argument (so that -max is represented by 0, and +max is
+ represented by 2*max), which is half the maximum for the corresponding
+ unsigned argument.
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx}; /* basic instruction format */+
+
+/*
+** size and position of opcode arguments.
+*/
+#define SIZE_C 9
+#define SIZE_B 9
+#define SIZE_Bx (SIZE_C + SIZE_B)
+#define SIZE_A 8
+
+#define SIZE_OP 6
+
+#define POS_OP 0
+#define POS_A (POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
+#define POS_C (POS_A + SIZE_A)
+#define POS_B (POS_C + SIZE_C)
+#define POS_Bx POS_C
+
+
+/*
+** limits for opcode arguments.
+** we use (signed) int to manipulate most arguments,
+** so they must fit in LUAI_BITSINT-1 bits (-1 for sign)
+*/
+#if SIZE_Bx < LUAI_BITSINT-1
+#define MAXARG_Bx ((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
+#define MAXARG_sBx (MAXARG_Bx>>1) /* `sBx' is signed */
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Bx MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_sBx MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+
+#define MAXARG_A ((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
+#define MAXARG_B ((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_C ((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 1 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK1(n,p) ((~((~(Instruction)0)<<n))<<p)
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 0 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK0(n,p) (~MASK1(n,p))
+
+/*
+** the following macros help to manipulate instructions
+*/
+
+#define GET_OPCODE(i) (cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
+#define SET_OPCODE(i,o) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+
+#define GETARG_A(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_A) & MASK1(SIZE_A,0)))
+#define SETARG_A(i,u) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_A,POS_A)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, u)<<POS_A)&MASK1(SIZE_A,POS_A))))
+
+#define GETARG_B(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_B) & MASK1(SIZE_B,0)))
+#define SETARG_B(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_B,POS_B)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B)&MASK1(SIZE_B,POS_B))))
+
+#define GETARG_C(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_C) & MASK1(SIZE_C,0)))
+#define SETARG_C(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_C,POS_C)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_C)&MASK1(SIZE_C,POS_C))))
+
+#define GETARG_Bx(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_Bx) & MASK1(SIZE_Bx,0)))
+#define SETARG_Bx(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_Bx,POS_Bx)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_Bx)&MASK1(SIZE_Bx,POS_Bx))))
+
+#define GETARG_sBx(i) (GETARG_Bx(i)-MAXARG_sBx)
+#define SETARG_sBx(i,b) SETARG_Bx((i),cast(unsigned int, (b)+MAXARG_sBx))
+
+
+#define CREATE_ABC(o,a,b,c) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C))
+
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+
+
+/*
+** Macros to operate RK indices
+*/
+
+/* this bit 1 means constant (0 means register) */
+#define BITRK (1 << (SIZE_B - 1))
+
+/* test whether value is a constant */
+#define ISK(x) ((x) & BITRK)
+
+/* gets the index of the constant */
+#define INDEXK(r) ((int)(r) & ~BITRK)
+
+#define MAXINDEXRK (BITRK - 1)
+
+/* code a constant index as a RK value */
+#define RKASK(x) ((x) | BITRK)
+
+
+/*
+** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+*/
+#define NO_REG MAXARG_A
+
+
+/*
+** R(x) - register
+** Kst(x) - constant (in constant table)
+** RK(x) == if ISK(x) then Kst(INDEXK(x)) else R(x)
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums
+*/
+
+typedef enum {+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------
+name args description
+------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+OP_MOVE,/* A B R(A) := R(B) */
+OP_LOADK,/* A Bx R(A) := Kst(Bx) */
+OP_LOADBOOL,/* A B C R(A) := (Bool)B; if (C) pc++ */
+OP_LOADNIL,/* A B R(A) := ... := R(B) := nil */
+OP_GETUPVAL,/* A B R(A) := UpValue[B] */
+
+OP_GETGLOBAL,/* A Bx R(A) := Gbl[Kst(Bx)] */
+OP_GETTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_SETGLOBAL,/* A Bx Gbl[Kst(Bx)] := R(A) */
+OP_SETUPVAL,/* A B UpValue[B] := R(A) */
+OP_SETTABLE,/* A B C R(A)[RK(B)] := RK(C) */
+
+OP_NEWTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := {} (size = B,C) */+
+OP_SELF,/* A B C R(A+1) := R(B); R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_ADD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) + RK(C) */
+OP_SUB,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) - RK(C) */
+OP_MUL,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) * RK(C) */
+OP_DIV,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) / RK(C) */
+OP_MOD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) % RK(C) */
+OP_POW,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) ^ RK(C) */
+OP_UNM,/* A B R(A) := -R(B) */
+OP_NOT,/* A B R(A) := not R(B) */
+OP_LEN,/* A B R(A) := length of R(B) */
+
+OP_CONCAT,/* A B C R(A) := R(B).. ... ..R(C) */
+
+OP_JMP,/* sBx pc+=sBx */
+
+OP_EQ,/* A B C if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LT,/* A B C if ((RK(B) < RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LE,/* A B C if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+
+OP_TEST,/* A C if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++ */
+OP_TESTSET,/* A B C if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A) := R(B) else pc++ */
+
+OP_CALL,/* A B C R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2) := R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_TAILCALL,/* A B C return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_RETURN,/* A B return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2) (see note) */
+
+OP_FORLOOP,/* A sBx R(A)+=R(A+2);
+ if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx; R(A+3)=R(A) }*/+OP_FORPREP,/* A sBx R(A)-=R(A+2); pc+=sBx */
+
+OP_TFORLOOP,/* A C R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C) := R(A)(R(A+1), R(A+2));
+ if R(A+3) ~= nil then R(A+2)=R(A+3) else pc++ */
+OP_SETLIST,/* A B C R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i] := R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B */
+
+OP_CLOSE,/* A close all variables in the stack up to (>=) R(A)*/
+OP_CLOSURE,/* A Bx R(A) := closure(KPROTO[Bx], R(A), ... ,R(A+n)) */
+
+OP_VARARG/* A B R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-1) = vararg */
+} OpCode;
+
+
+#define NUM_OPCODES (cast(int, OP_VARARG) + 1)
+
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ Notes:
+ (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top. C is the number of returns - 1,
+ and can be 0: OP_CALL then sets `top' to last_result+1, so
+ next open instruction (OP_CALL, OP_RETURN, OP_SETLIST) may use `top'.
+
+ (*) In OP_VARARG, if (B == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
+ set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+
+ (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to `top'
+
+ (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then B = `top';
+ if (C == 0) then next `instruction' is real C
+
+ (*) For comparisons, A specifies what condition the test should accept
+ (true or false).
+
+ (*) All `skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** masks for instruction properties. The format is:
+** bits 0-1: op mode
+** bits 2-3: C arg mode
+** bits 4-5: B arg mode
+** bit 6: instruction set register A
+** bit 7: operator is a test
+*/
+
+enum OpArgMask {+ OpArgN, /* argument is not used */
+ OpArgU, /* argument is used */
+ OpArgR, /* argument is a register or a jump offset */
+ OpArgK /* argument is a constant or register/constant */
+};
+
+LUAI_DATA const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];
+
+#define getOpMode(m) (cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 3))
+#define getBMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 4) & 3))
+#define getCMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 2) & 3))
+#define testAMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
+#define testTMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
+
+
+LUAI_DATA const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1]; /* opcode names */
+
+
+/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
+#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH 50
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/loslib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+** $Id: loslib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Standard Operating System library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#define loslib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static int os_pushresult (lua_State *L, int i, const char *filename) {+ int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+ if (i) {+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(en));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, en);
+ return 3;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushinteger(L, system(luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ return os_pushresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename);
+}
+
+
+static int os_rename (lua_State *L) {+ const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ return os_pushresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, fromname);
+}
+
+
+static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) {+ char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE];
+ int err;
+ lua_tmpnam(buff, err);
+ if (err)
+ return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename");
+ lua_pushstring(L, buff);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_getenv (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushstring(L, getenv(luaL_checkstring(L, 1))); /* if NULL push nil */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_clock (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, ((lua_Number)clock())/(lua_Number)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Time/Date operations
+** { year=%Y, month=%m, day=%d, hour=%H, min=%M, sec=%S,+** wday=%w+1, yday=%j, isdst=? }
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {+ lua_pushinteger(L, value);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {+ if (value < 0) /* undefined? */
+ return; /* does not set field */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, value);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) {+ int res;
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
+ res = lua_isnil(L, -1) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d) {+ int res;
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, -1))
+ res = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1);
+ else {+ if (d < 0)
+ return luaL_error(L, "field " LUA_QS " missing in date table", key);
+ res = d;
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static int os_date (lua_State *L) {+ const char *s = luaL_optstring(L, 1, "%c");
+ time_t t = luaL_opt(L, (time_t)luaL_checknumber, 2, time(NULL));
+ struct tm *stm;
+ if (*s == '!') { /* UTC? */+ stm = gmtime(&t);
+ s++; /* skip `!' */
+ }
+ else
+ stm = localtime(&t);
+ if (stm == NULL) /* invalid date? */
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 9); /* 9 = number of fields */
+ setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec);
+ setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min);
+ setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour);
+ setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday);
+ setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon+1);
+ setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year+1900);
+ setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday+1);
+ setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday+1);
+ setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);
+ }
+ else {+ char b[256];
+ if (strftime(b, sizeof(b), s, stm))
+ lua_pushstring(L, b);
+ else
+ return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("date") " format too long");+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_time (lua_State *L) {+ time_t t;
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) /* called without args? */
+ t = time(NULL); /* get current time */
+ else {+ struct tm ts;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* make sure table is at the top */
+ ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0);
+ ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0);
+ ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12);
+ ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1);
+ ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1) - 1;
+ ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1) - 1900;
+ ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst");
+ t = mktime(&ts);
+ }
+ if (t == (time_t)(-1))
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)t);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushnumber(L, difftime((time_t)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)),
+ (time_t)(luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 0))));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int os_setlocale (lua_State *L) {+ static const int cat[] = {LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY,+ LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME};
+ static const char *const catnames[] = {"all", "collate", "ctype", "monetary",+ "numeric", "time", NULL};
+ const char *l = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "all", catnames);
+ lua_pushstring(L, setlocale(cat[op], l));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_exit (lua_State *L) {+ exit(luaL_optint(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS));
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+static const luaL_Reg syslib[] = {+ {"clock", os_clock},+ {"date", os_date},+ {"difftime", os_difftime},+ {"execute", os_execute},+ {"exit", os_exit},+ {"getenv", os_getenv},+ {"remove", os_remove},+ {"rename", os_rename},+ {"setlocale", os_setlocale},+ {"time", os_time},+ {"tmpname", os_tmpname},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_os (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_register(L, LUA_OSLIBNAME, syslib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lparser.c
@@ -1,0 +1,1337 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lparser_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+
+#define hasmultret(k) ((k) == VCALL || (k) == VVARARG)
+
+#define getlocvar(fs, i) ((fs)->f->locvars[(fs)->actvar[i]])
+
+#define luaY_checklimit(fs,v,l,m) if ((v)>(l)) errorlimit(fs,l,m)
+
+
+/*
+** nodes for block list (list of active blocks)
+*/
+typedef struct BlockCnt {+ struct BlockCnt *previous; /* chain */
+ int breaklist; /* list of jumps out of this loop */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* # active locals outside the breakable structure */
+ lu_byte upval; /* true if some variable in the block is an upvalue */
+ lu_byte isbreakable; /* true if `block' is a loop */
+} BlockCnt;
+
+
+
+/*
+** prototypes for recursive non-terminal functions
+*/
+static void chunk (LexState *ls);
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v);
+
+
+static void anchor_token (LexState *ls) {+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME || ls->t.token == TK_STRING) {+ TString *ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_newstring(ls, getstr(ts), ts->tsv.len);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void error_expected (LexState *ls, int token) {+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls,
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS " expected", luaX_token2str(ls, token)));
+}
+
+
+static void errorlimit (FuncState *fs, int limit, const char *what) {+ const char *msg = (fs->f->linedefined == 0) ?
+ luaO_pushfstring(fs->L, "main function has more than %d %s", limit, what) :
+ luaO_pushfstring(fs->L, "function at line %d has more than %d %s",
+ fs->f->linedefined, limit, what);
+ luaX_lexerror(fs->ls, msg, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int testnext (LexState *ls, int c) {+ if (ls->t.token == c) {+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void check (LexState *ls, int c) {+ if (ls->t.token != c)
+ error_expected(ls, c);
+}
+
+static void checknext (LexState *ls, int c) {+ check(ls, c);
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+#define check_condition(ls,c,msg) { if (!(c)) luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg); }+
+
+
+static void check_match (LexState *ls, int what, int who, int where) {+ if (!testnext(ls, what)) {+ if (where == ls->linenumber)
+ error_expected(ls, what);
+ else {+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+ LUA_QS " expected (to close " LUA_QS " at line %d)",
+ luaX_token2str(ls, what), luaX_token2str(ls, who), where));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static TString *str_checkname (LexState *ls) {+ TString *ts;
+ check(ls, TK_NAME);
+ ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void init_exp (expdesc *e, expkind k, int i) {+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->k = k;
+ e->u.s.info = i;
+}
+
+
+static void codestring (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, TString *s) {+ init_exp(e, VK, luaK_stringK(ls->fs, s));
+}
+
+
+static void checkname(LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {+ codestring(ls, e, str_checkname(ls));
+}
+
+
+static int registerlocalvar (LexState *ls, TString *varname) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizelocvars;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->locvars, fs->nlocvars, f->sizelocvars,
+ LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "too many local variables");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizelocvars) f->locvars[oldsize++].varname = NULL;
+ f->locvars[fs->nlocvars].varname = varname;
+ luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, varname);
+ return fs->nlocvars++;
+}
+
+
+#define new_localvarliteral(ls,v,n) \
+ new_localvar(ls, luaX_newstring(ls, "" v, (sizeof(v)/sizeof(char))-1), n)
+
+
+static void new_localvar (LexState *ls, TString *name, int n) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ luaY_checklimit(fs, fs->nactvar+n+1, LUAI_MAXVARS, "local variables");
+ fs->actvar[fs->nactvar+n] = cast(unsigned short, registerlocalvar(ls, name));
+}
+
+
+static void adjustlocalvars (LexState *ls, int nvars) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ fs->nactvar = cast_byte(fs->nactvar + nvars);
+ for (; nvars; nvars--) {+ getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - nvars).startpc = fs->pc;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void removevars (LexState *ls, int tolevel) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ while (fs->nactvar > tolevel)
+ getlocvar(fs, --fs->nactvar).endpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int indexupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name, expdesc *v) {+ int i;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizeupvalues;
+ for (i=0; i<f->nups; i++) {+ if (fs->upvalues[i].k == v->k && fs->upvalues[i].info == v->u.s.info) {+ lua_assert(f->upvalues[i] == name);
+ return i;
+ }
+ }
+ /* new one */
+ luaY_checklimit(fs, f->nups + 1, LUAI_MAXUPVALUES, "upvalues");
+ luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->upvalues, f->nups, f->sizeupvalues,
+ TString *, MAX_INT, "");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizeupvalues) f->upvalues[oldsize++] = NULL;
+ f->upvalues[f->nups] = name;
+ luaC_objbarrier(fs->L, f, name);
+ lua_assert(v->k == VLOCAL || v->k == VUPVAL);
+ fs->upvalues[f->nups].k = cast_byte(v->k);
+ fs->upvalues[f->nups].info = cast_byte(v->u.s.info);
+ return f->nups++;
+}
+
+
+static int searchvar (FuncState *fs, TString *n) {+ int i;
+ for (i=fs->nactvar-1; i >= 0; i--) {+ if (n == getlocvar(fs, i).varname)
+ return i;
+ }
+ return -1; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) {+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ while (bl && bl->nactvar > level) bl = bl->previous;
+ if (bl) bl->upval = 1;
+}
+
+
+static int singlevaraux (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var, int base) {+ if (fs == NULL) { /* no more levels? */+ init_exp(var, VGLOBAL, NO_REG); /* default is global variable */
+ return VGLOBAL;
+ }
+ else {+ int v = searchvar(fs, n); /* look up at current level */
+ if (v >= 0) {+ init_exp(var, VLOCAL, v);
+ if (!base)
+ markupval(fs, v); /* local will be used as an upval */
+ return VLOCAL;
+ }
+ else { /* not found at current level; try upper one */+ if (singlevaraux(fs->prev, n, var, 0) == VGLOBAL)
+ return VGLOBAL;
+ var->u.s.info = indexupvalue(fs, n, var); /* else was LOCAL or UPVAL */
+ var->k = VUPVAL; /* upvalue in this level */
+ return VUPVAL;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void singlevar (LexState *ls, expdesc *var) {+ TString *varname = str_checkname(ls);
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ if (singlevaraux(fs, varname, var, 1) == VGLOBAL)
+ var->u.s.info = luaK_stringK(fs, varname); /* info points to global name */
+}
+
+
+static void adjust_assign (LexState *ls, int nvars, int nexps, expdesc *e) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = nvars - nexps;
+ if (hasmultret(e->k)) {+ extra++; /* includes call itself */
+ if (extra < 0) extra = 0;
+ luaK_setreturns(fs, e, extra); /* last exp. provides the difference */
+ if (extra > 1) luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra-1);
+ }
+ else {+ if (e->k != VVOID) luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* close last expression */
+ if (extra > 0) {+ int reg = fs->freereg;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra);
+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, extra);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void enterlevel (LexState *ls) {+ if (++ls->L->nCcalls > LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "chunk has too many syntax levels", 0);
+}
+
+
+#define leavelevel(ls) ((ls)->L->nCcalls--)
+
+
+static void enterblock (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl, lu_byte isbreakable) {+ bl->breaklist = NO_JUMP;
+ bl->isbreakable = isbreakable;
+ bl->nactvar = fs->nactvar;
+ bl->upval = 0;
+ bl->previous = fs->bl;
+ fs->bl = bl;
+ lua_assert(fs->freereg == fs->nactvar);
+}
+
+
+static void leaveblock (FuncState *fs) {+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ fs->bl = bl->previous;
+ removevars(fs->ls, bl->nactvar);
+ if (bl->upval)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, bl->nactvar, 0, 0);
+ /* a block either controls scope or breaks (never both) */
+ lua_assert(!bl->isbreakable || !bl->upval);
+ lua_assert(bl->nactvar == fs->nactvar);
+ fs->freereg = fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, bl->breaklist);
+}
+
+
+static void pushclosure (LexState *ls, FuncState *func, expdesc *v) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizep;
+ int i;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->p, fs->np, f->sizep, Proto *,
+ MAXARG_Bx, "constant table overflow");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizep) f->p[oldsize++] = NULL;
+ f->p[fs->np++] = func->f;
+ luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, func->f);
+ init_exp(v, VRELOCABLE, luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_CLOSURE, 0, fs->np-1));
+ for (i=0; i<func->f->nups; i++) {+ OpCode o = (func->upvalues[i].k == VLOCAL) ? OP_MOVE : OP_GETUPVAL;
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, o, 0, func->upvalues[i].info, 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void open_func (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs) {+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ Proto *f = luaF_newproto(L);
+ fs->f = f;
+ fs->prev = ls->fs; /* linked list of funcstates */
+ fs->ls = ls;
+ fs->L = L;
+ ls->fs = fs;
+ fs->pc = 0;
+ fs->lasttarget = -1;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ fs->freereg = 0;
+ fs->nk = 0;
+ fs->np = 0;
+ fs->nlocvars = 0;
+ fs->nactvar = 0;
+ fs->bl = NULL;
+ f->source = ls->source;
+ f->maxstacksize = 2; /* registers 0/1 are always valid */
+ fs->h = luaH_new(L, 0, 0);
+ /* anchor table of constants and prototype (to avoid being collected) */
+ sethvalue2s(L, L->top, fs->h);
+ incr_top(L);
+ setptvalue2s(L, L->top, f);
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+static void close_func (LexState *ls) {+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ removevars(ls, 0);
+ luaK_ret(fs, 0, 0); /* final return */
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->code, f->sizecode, fs->pc, Instruction);
+ f->sizecode = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, fs->pc, int);
+ f->sizelineinfo = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->k, f->sizek, fs->nk, TValue);
+ f->sizek = fs->nk;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->p, f->sizep, fs->np, Proto *);
+ f->sizep = fs->np;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, fs->nlocvars, LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars = fs->nlocvars;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, f->nups, TString *);
+ f->sizeupvalues = f->nups;
+ lua_assert(luaG_checkcode(f));
+ lua_assert(fs->bl == NULL);
+ ls->fs = fs->prev;
+ L->top -= 2; /* remove table and prototype from the stack */
+ /* last token read was anchored in defunct function; must reanchor it */
+ if (fs) anchor_token(ls);
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff, const char *name) {+ struct LexState lexstate;
+ struct FuncState funcstate;
+ lexstate.buff = buff;
+ luaX_setinput(L, &lexstate, z, luaS_new(L, name));
+ open_func(&lexstate, &funcstate);
+ funcstate.f->is_vararg = VARARG_ISVARARG; /* main func. is always vararg */
+ luaX_next(&lexstate); /* read first token */
+ chunk(&lexstate);
+ check(&lexstate, TK_EOS);
+ close_func(&lexstate);
+ lua_assert(funcstate.prev == NULL);
+ lua_assert(funcstate.f->nups == 0);
+ lua_assert(lexstate.fs == NULL);
+ return funcstate.f;
+}
+
+
+
+/*============================================================*/
+/* GRAMMAR RULES */
+/*============================================================*/
+
+
+static void field (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ /* field -> ['.' | ':'] NAME */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the dot or colon */
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+}
+
+
+static void yindex (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ /* index -> '[' expr ']' */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the '[' */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ luaK_exp2val(ls->fs, v);
+ checknext(ls, ']');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================+** Rules for Constructors
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+struct ConsControl {+ expdesc v; /* last list item read */
+ expdesc *t; /* table descriptor */
+ int nh; /* total number of `record' elements */
+ int na; /* total number of array elements */
+ int tostore; /* number of array elements pending to be stored */
+};
+
+
+static void recfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {+ /* recfield -> (NAME | `['exp1`]') = exp1 */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int reg = ls->fs->freereg;
+ expdesc key, val;
+ int rkkey;
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME) {+ luaY_checklimit(fs, cc->nh, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ }
+ else /* ls->t.token == '[' */
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ cc->nh++;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ rkkey = luaK_exp2RK(fs, &key);
+ expr(ls, &val);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, cc->t->u.s.info, rkkey, luaK_exp2RK(fs, &val));
+ fs->freereg = reg; /* free registers */
+}
+
+
+static void closelistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {+ if (cc->v.k == VVOID) return; /* there is no list item */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ cc->v.k = VVOID;
+ if (cc->tostore == LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) {+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, cc->tostore); /* flush */
+ cc->tostore = 0; /* no more items pending */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void lastlistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {+ if (cc->tostore == 0) return;
+ if (hasmultret(cc->v.k)) {+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, LUA_MULTRET);
+ cc->na--; /* do not count last expression (unknown number of elements) */
+ }
+ else {+ if (cc->v.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void listfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {+ expr(ls, &cc->v);
+ luaY_checklimit(ls->fs, cc->na, MAXARG_Bx, "items in a constructor");
+ cc->na++;
+ cc->tostore++;
+}
+
+
+static void constructor (LexState *ls, expdesc *t) {+ /* constructor -> ?? */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ int pc = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NEWTABLE, 0, 0, 0);
+ struct ConsControl cc;
+ cc.na = cc.nh = cc.tostore = 0;
+ cc.t = t;
+ init_exp(t, VRELOCABLE, pc);
+ init_exp(&cc.v, VVOID, 0); /* no value (yet) */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, t); /* fix it at stack top (for gc) */
+ checknext(ls, '{');+ do {+ lua_assert(cc.v.k == VVOID || cc.tostore > 0);
+ if (ls->t.token == '}') break;
+ closelistfield(fs, &cc);
+ switch(ls->t.token) {+ case TK_NAME: { /* may be listfields or recfields */+ luaX_lookahead(ls);
+ if (ls->lookahead.token != '=') /* expression? */
+ listfield(ls, &cc);
+ else
+ recfield(ls, &cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* constructor_item -> recfield */+ recfield(ls, &cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: { /* constructor_part -> listfield */+ listfield(ls, &cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } while (testnext(ls, ',') || testnext(ls, ';'));
+ check_match(ls, '}', '{', line);+ lastlistfield(fs, &cc);
+ SETARG_B(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.na)); /* set initial array size */
+ SETARG_C(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.nh)); /* set initial table size */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+
+static void parlist (LexState *ls) {+ /* parlist -> [ param { `,' param } ] */+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int nparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ if (ls->t.token != ')') { /* is `parlist' not empty? */+ do {+ switch (ls->t.token) {+ case TK_NAME: { /* param -> NAME */+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nparams++);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* param -> `...' */+ luaX_next(ls);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_VARARG)
+ /* use `arg' as default name */
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "arg", nparams++);
+ f->is_vararg = VARARG_HASARG | VARARG_NEEDSARG;
+#endif
+ f->is_vararg |= VARARG_ISVARARG;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "<name> or " LUA_QL("...") " expected");+ }
+ } while (!f->is_vararg && testnext(ls, ','));
+ }
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nparams);
+ f->numparams = cast_byte(fs->nactvar - (f->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG));
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, fs->nactvar); /* reserve register for parameters */
+}
+
+
+static void body (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, int needself, int line) {+ /* body -> `(' parlist `)' chunk END */+ FuncState new_fs;
+ open_func(ls, &new_fs);
+ new_fs.f->linedefined = line;
+ checknext(ls, '(');+ if (needself) {+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "self", 0);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+ }
+ parlist(ls);
+ checknext(ls, ')');
+ chunk(ls);
+ new_fs.f->lastlinedefined = ls->linenumber;
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FUNCTION, line);
+ close_func(ls);
+ pushclosure(ls, &new_fs, e);
+}
+
+
+static int explist1 (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ /* explist1 -> expr { `,' expr } */+ int n = 1; /* at least one expression */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ while (testnext(ls, ',')) {+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, v);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ n++;
+ }
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static void funcargs (LexState *ls, expdesc *f) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc args;
+ int base, nparams;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ switch (ls->t.token) {+ case '(': { /* funcargs -> `(' [ explist1 ] `)' */+ if (line != ls->lastline)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls,"ambiguous syntax (function call x new statement)");
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ if (ls->t.token == ')') /* arg list is empty? */
+ args.k = VVOID;
+ else {+ explist1(ls, &args);
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &args);
+ }
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* funcargs -> constructor */+ constructor(ls, &args);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: { /* funcargs -> STRING */+ codestring(ls, &args, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* must use `seminfo' before `next' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "function arguments expected");
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(f->k == VNONRELOC);
+ base = f->u.s.info; /* base register for call */
+ if (hasmultret(args.k))
+ nparams = LUA_MULTRET; /* open call */
+ else {+ if (args.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &args); /* close last argument */
+ nparams = fs->freereg - (base+1);
+ }
+ init_exp(f, VCALL, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CALL, base, nparams+1, 2));
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ fs->freereg = base+1; /* call remove function and arguments and leaves
+ (unless changed) one result */
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================+** Expression parsing
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void prefixexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ /* prefixexp -> NAME | '(' expr ')' */+ switch (ls->t.token) {+ case '(': {+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);+ luaK_dischargevars(ls->fs, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_NAME: {+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "unexpected symbol");
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void primaryexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ /* primaryexp ->
+ prefixexp { `.' NAME | `[' exp `]' | `:' NAME funcargs | funcargs } */+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ prefixexp(ls, v);
+ for (;;) {+ switch (ls->t.token) {+ case '.': { /* field */+ field(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* `[' exp1 `]' */+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+ break;
+ }
+ case ':': { /* `:' NAME funcargs */+ expdesc key;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_self(fs, v, &key);
+ funcargs(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '(': case TK_STRING: case '{': { /* funcargs */+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);
+ funcargs(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: return;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void simpleexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ /* simpleexp -> NUMBER | STRING | NIL | true | false | ... |
+ constructor | FUNCTION body | primaryexp */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {+ case TK_NUMBER: {+ init_exp(v, VKNUM, 0);
+ v->u.nval = ls->t.seminfo.r;
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: {+ codestring(ls, v, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_NIL: {+ init_exp(v, VNIL, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_TRUE: {+ init_exp(v, VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FALSE: {+ init_exp(v, VFALSE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* vararg */+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ check_condition(ls, fs->f->is_vararg,
+ "cannot use " LUA_QL("...") " outside a vararg function");+ fs->f->is_vararg &= ~VARARG_NEEDSARG; /* don't need 'arg' */
+ init_exp(v, VVARARG, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARG, 0, 1, 0));
+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* constructor */+ constructor(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: {+ luaX_next(ls);
+ body(ls, v, 0, ls->linenumber);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {+ primaryexp(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+static UnOpr getunopr (int op) {+ switch (op) {+ case TK_NOT: return OPR_NOT;
+ case '-': return OPR_MINUS;
+ case '#': return OPR_LEN;
+ default: return OPR_NOUNOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static BinOpr getbinopr (int op) {+ switch (op) {+ case '+': return OPR_ADD;
+ case '-': return OPR_SUB;
+ case '*': return OPR_MUL;
+ case '/': return OPR_DIV;
+ case '%': return OPR_MOD;
+ case '^': return OPR_POW;
+ case TK_CONCAT: return OPR_CONCAT;
+ case TK_NE: return OPR_NE;
+ case TK_EQ: return OPR_EQ;
+ case '<': return OPR_LT;
+ case TK_LE: return OPR_LE;
+ case '>': return OPR_GT;
+ case TK_GE: return OPR_GE;
+ case TK_AND: return OPR_AND;
+ case TK_OR: return OPR_OR;
+ default: return OPR_NOBINOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const struct {+ lu_byte left; /* left priority for each binary operator */
+ lu_byte right; /* right priority */
+} priority[] = { /* ORDER OPR */+ {6, 6}, {6, 6}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, /* `+' `-' `/' `%' */+ {10, 9}, {5, 4}, /* power and concat (right associative) */+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* equality and inequality */+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* order */+ {2, 2}, {1, 1} /* logical (and/or) */+};
+
+#define UNARY_PRIORITY 8 /* priority for unary operators */
+
+
+/*
+** subexpr -> (simpleexp | unop subexpr) { binop subexpr }+** where `binop' is any binary operator with a priority higher than `limit'
+*/
+static BinOpr subexpr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v, unsigned int limit) {+ BinOpr op;
+ UnOpr uop;
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ uop = getunopr(ls->t.token);
+ if (uop != OPR_NOUNOPR) {+ luaX_next(ls);
+ subexpr(ls, v, UNARY_PRIORITY);
+ luaK_prefix(ls->fs, uop, v);
+ }
+ else simpleexp(ls, v);
+ /* expand while operators have priorities higher than `limit' */
+ op = getbinopr(ls->t.token);
+ while (op != OPR_NOBINOPR && priority[op].left > limit) {+ expdesc v2;
+ BinOpr nextop;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ luaK_infix(ls->fs, op, v);
+ /* read sub-expression with higher priority */
+ nextop = subexpr(ls, &v2, priority[op].right);
+ luaK_posfix(ls->fs, op, v, &v2);
+ op = nextop;
+ }
+ leavelevel(ls);
+ return op; /* return first untreated operator */
+}
+
+
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ subexpr(ls, v, 0);
+}
+
+/* }==================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================+** Rules for Statements
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int block_follow (int token) {+ switch (token) {+ case TK_ELSE: case TK_ELSEIF: case TK_END:
+ case TK_UNTIL: case TK_EOS:
+ return 1;
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void block (LexState *ls) {+ /* block -> chunk */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+ chunk(ls);
+ lua_assert(bl.breaklist == NO_JUMP);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** structure to chain all variables in the left-hand side of an
+** assignment
+*/
+struct LHS_assign {+ struct LHS_assign *prev;
+ expdesc v; /* variable (global, local, upvalue, or indexed) */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** check whether, in an assignment to a local variable, the local variable
+** is needed in a previous assignment (to a table). If so, save original
+** local value in a safe place and use this safe copy in the previous
+** assignment.
+*/
+static void check_conflict (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, expdesc *v) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = fs->freereg; /* eventual position to save local variable */
+ int conflict = 0;
+ for (; lh; lh = lh->prev) {+ if (lh->v.k == VINDEXED) {+ if (lh->v.u.s.info == v->u.s.info) { /* conflict? */+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.s.info = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ if (lh->v.u.s.aux == v->u.s.info) { /* conflict? */+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.s.aux = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (conflict) {+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, fs->freereg, v->u.s.info, 0); /* make copy */
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void assignment (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, int nvars) {+ expdesc e;
+ check_condition(ls, VLOCAL <= lh->v.k && lh->v.k <= VINDEXED,
+ "syntax error");
+ if (testnext(ls, ',')) { /* assignment -> `,' primaryexp assignment */+ struct LHS_assign nv;
+ nv.prev = lh;
+ primaryexp(ls, &nv.v);
+ if (nv.v.k == VLOCAL)
+ check_conflict(ls, lh, &nv.v);
+ assignment(ls, &nv, nvars+1);
+ }
+ else { /* assignment -> `=' explist1 */+ int nexps;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ nexps = explist1(ls, &e);
+ if (nexps != nvars) {+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ if (nexps > nvars)
+ ls->fs->freereg -= nexps - nvars; /* remove extra values */
+ }
+ else {+ luaK_setoneret(ls->fs, &e); /* close last expression */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+ return; /* avoid default */
+ }
+ }
+ init_exp(&e, VNONRELOC, ls->fs->freereg-1); /* default assignment */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+}
+
+
+static int cond (LexState *ls) {+ /* cond -> exp */
+ expdesc v;
+ expr(ls, &v); /* read condition */
+ if (v.k == VNIL) v.k = VFALSE; /* `falses' are all equal here */
+ luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);
+ return v.f;
+}
+
+
+static void breakstat (LexState *ls) {+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ int upval = 0;
+ while (bl && !bl->isbreakable) {+ upval |= bl->upval;
+ bl = bl->previous;
+ }
+ if (!bl)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "no loop to break");
+ if (upval)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, bl->nactvar, 0, 0);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &bl->breaklist, luaK_jump(fs));
+}
+
+
+static void whilestat (LexState *ls, int line) {+ /* whilestat -> WHILE cond DO block END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int whileinit;
+ int condexit;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip WHILE */
+ whileinit = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ condexit = cond(ls);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ block(ls);
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), whileinit);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_WHILE, line);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit); /* false conditions finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+static void repeatstat (LexState *ls, int line) {+ /* repeatstat -> REPEAT block UNTIL cond */
+ int condexit;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int repeat_init = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ BlockCnt bl1, bl2;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl1, 1); /* loop block */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl2, 0); /* scope block */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip REPEAT */
+ chunk(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_UNTIL, TK_REPEAT, line);
+ condexit = cond(ls); /* read condition (inside scope block) */
+ if (!bl2.upval) { /* no upvalues? */+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope */
+ luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, condexit, repeat_init); /* close the loop */
+ }
+ else { /* complete semantics when there are upvalues */+ breakstat(ls); /* if condition then break */
+ luaK_patchtohere(ls->fs, condexit); /* else... */
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope... */
+ luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, luaK_jump(fs), repeat_init); /* and repeat */
+ }
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish loop */
+}
+
+
+static int exp1 (LexState *ls) {+ expdesc e;
+ int k;
+ expr(ls, &e);
+ k = e.k;
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, &e);
+ return k;
+}
+
+
+static void forbody (LexState *ls, int base, int line, int nvars, int isnum) {+ /* forbody -> DO block */
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int prep, endfor;
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 3); /* control variables */
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ prep = isnum ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORPREP, base, NO_JUMP) : luaK_jump(fs);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); /* scope for declared variables */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, nvars);
+ block(ls);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* end of scope for declared variables */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, prep);
+ endfor = (isnum) ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORLOOP, base, NO_JUMP) :
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TFORLOOP, base, 0, nvars);
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line); /* pretend that `OP_FOR' starts the loop */
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, (isnum ? endfor : luaK_jump(fs)), prep + 1);
+}
+
+
+static void fornum (LexState *ls, TString *varname, int line) {+ /* fornum -> NAME = exp1,exp1[,exp1] forbody */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for index)", 0);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for limit)", 1);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for step)", 2);
+ new_localvar(ls, varname, 3);
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ exp1(ls); /* initial value */
+ checknext(ls, ',');
+ exp1(ls); /* limit */
+ if (testnext(ls, ','))
+ exp1(ls); /* optional step */
+ else { /* default step = 1 */+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, fs->freereg, luaK_numberK(fs, 1));
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+ forbody(ls, base, line, 1, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) {+ /* forlist -> NAME {,NAME} IN explist1 forbody */+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int nvars = 0;
+ int line;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ /* create control variables */
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for generator)", nvars++);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)", nvars++);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for control)", nvars++);
+ /* create declared variables */
+ new_localvar(ls, indexname, nvars++);
+ while (testnext(ls, ','))
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nvars++);
+ checknext(ls, TK_IN);
+ line = ls->linenumber;
+ adjust_assign(ls, 3, explist1(ls, &e), &e);
+ luaK_checkstack(fs, 3); /* extra space to call generator */
+ forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 3, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void forstat (LexState *ls, int line) {+ /* forstat -> FOR (fornum | forlist) END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ TString *varname;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1); /* scope for loop and control variables */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip `for' */
+ varname = str_checkname(ls); /* first variable name */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {+ case '=': fornum(ls, varname, line); break;
+ case ',': case TK_IN: forlist(ls, varname); break;
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, LUA_QL("=") " or " LUA_QL("in") " expected");+ }
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FOR, line);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* loop scope (`break' jumps to this point) */
+}
+
+
+static int test_then_block (LexState *ls) {+ /* test_then_block -> [IF | ELSEIF] cond THEN block */
+ int condexit;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip IF or ELSEIF */
+ condexit = cond(ls);
+ checknext(ls, TK_THEN);
+ block(ls); /* `then' part */
+ return condexit;
+}
+
+
+static void ifstat (LexState *ls, int line) {+ /* ifstat -> IF cond THEN block {ELSEIF cond THEN block} [ELSE block] END */+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int flist;
+ int escapelist = NO_JUMP;
+ flist = test_then_block(ls); /* IF cond THEN block */
+ while (ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF) {+ luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, luaK_jump(fs));
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, flist);
+ flist = test_then_block(ls); /* ELSEIF cond THEN block */
+ }
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_ELSE) {+ luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, luaK_jump(fs));
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, flist);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip ELSE (after patch, for correct line info) */
+ block(ls); /* `else' part */
+ }
+ else
+ luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, flist);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, escapelist);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_IF, line);
+}
+
+
+static void localfunc (LexState *ls) {+ expdesc v, b;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), 0);
+ init_exp(&v, VLOCAL, fs->freereg);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+ body(ls, &b, 0, ls->linenumber);
+ luaK_storevar(fs, &v, &b);
+ /* debug information will only see the variable after this point! */
+ getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - 1).startpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static void localstat (LexState *ls) {+ /* stat -> LOCAL NAME {`,' NAME} [`=' explist1] */+ int nvars = 0;
+ int nexps;
+ expdesc e;
+ do {+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nvars++);
+ } while (testnext(ls, ','));
+ if (testnext(ls, '='))
+ nexps = explist1(ls, &e);
+ else {+ e.k = VVOID;
+ nexps = 0;
+ }
+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+}
+
+
+static int funcname (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {+ /* funcname -> NAME {field} [`:' NAME] */+ int needself = 0;
+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ while (ls->t.token == '.')
+ field(ls, v);
+ if (ls->t.token == ':') {+ needself = 1;
+ field(ls, v);
+ }
+ return needself;
+}
+
+
+static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) {+ /* funcstat -> FUNCTION funcname body */
+ int needself;
+ expdesc v, b;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip FUNCTION */
+ needself = funcname(ls, &v);
+ body(ls, &b, needself, line);
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b);
+ luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line); /* definition `happens' in the first line */
+}
+
+
+static void exprstat (LexState *ls) {+ /* stat -> func | assignment */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ struct LHS_assign v;
+ primaryexp(ls, &v.v);
+ if (v.v.k == VCALL) /* stat -> func */
+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, &v.v), 1); /* call statement uses no results */
+ else { /* stat -> assignment */+ v.prev = NULL;
+ assignment(ls, &v, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void retstat (LexState *ls) {+ /* stat -> RETURN explist */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int first, nret; /* registers with returned values */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip RETURN */
+ if (block_follow(ls->t.token) || ls->t.token == ';')
+ first = nret = 0; /* return no values */
+ else {+ nret = explist1(ls, &e); /* optional return values */
+ if (hasmultret(e.k)) {+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &e);
+ if (e.k == VCALL && nret == 1) { /* tail call? */+ SET_OPCODE(getcode(fs,&e), OP_TAILCALL);
+ lua_assert(GETARG_A(getcode(fs,&e)) == fs->nactvar);
+ }
+ first = fs->nactvar;
+ nret = LUA_MULTRET; /* return all values */
+ }
+ else {+ if (nret == 1) /* only one single value? */
+ first = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, &e);
+ else {+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &e); /* values must go to the `stack' */
+ first = fs->nactvar; /* return all `active' values */
+ lua_assert(nret == fs->freereg - first);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_ret(fs, first, nret);
+}
+
+
+static int statement (LexState *ls) {+ int line = ls->linenumber; /* may be needed for error messages */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {+ case TK_IF: { /* stat -> ifstat */+ ifstat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_WHILE: { /* stat -> whilestat */+ whilestat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_DO: { /* stat -> DO block END */+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip DO */
+ block(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_DO, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_FOR: { /* stat -> forstat */+ forstat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_REPEAT: { /* stat -> repeatstat */+ repeatstat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: {+ funcstat(ls, line); /* stat -> funcstat */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_LOCAL: { /* stat -> localstat */+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip LOCAL */
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_FUNCTION)) /* local function? */
+ localfunc(ls);
+ else
+ localstat(ls);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_RETURN: { /* stat -> retstat */+ retstat(ls);
+ return 1; /* must be last statement */
+ }
+ case TK_BREAK: { /* stat -> breakstat */+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip BREAK */
+ breakstat(ls);
+ return 1; /* must be last statement */
+ }
+ default: {+ exprstat(ls);
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void chunk (LexState *ls) {+ /* chunk -> { stat [`;'] } */+ int islast = 0;
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ while (!islast && !block_follow(ls->t.token)) {+ islast = statement(ls);
+ testnext(ls, ';');
+ lua_assert(ls->fs->f->maxstacksize >= ls->fs->freereg &&
+ ls->fs->freereg >= ls->fs->nactvar);
+ ls->fs->freereg = ls->fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ }
+ leavelevel(ls);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lparser.h
@@ -1,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lparser_h
+#define lparser_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Expression descriptor
+*/
+
+typedef enum {+ VVOID, /* no value */
+ VNIL,
+ VTRUE,
+ VFALSE,
+ VK, /* info = index of constant in `k' */
+ VKNUM, /* nval = numerical value */
+ VLOCAL, /* info = local register */
+ VUPVAL, /* info = index of upvalue in `upvalues' */
+ VGLOBAL, /* info = index of table; aux = index of global name in `k' */
+ VINDEXED, /* info = table register; aux = index register (or `k') */
+ VJMP, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VRELOCABLE, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VNONRELOC, /* info = result register */
+ VCALL, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VVARARG /* info = instruction pc */
+} expkind;
+
+typedef struct expdesc {+ expkind k;
+ union {+ struct { int info, aux; } s;+ lua_Number nval;
+ } u;
+ int t; /* patch list of `exit when true' */
+ int f; /* patch list of `exit when false' */
+} expdesc;
+
+
+typedef struct upvaldesc {+ lu_byte k;
+ lu_byte info;
+} upvaldesc;
+
+
+struct BlockCnt; /* defined in lparser.c */
+
+
+/* state needed to generate code for a given function */
+typedef struct FuncState {+ Proto *f; /* current function header */
+ Table *h; /* table to find (and reuse) elements in `k' */
+ struct FuncState *prev; /* enclosing function */
+ struct LexState *ls; /* lexical state */
+ struct lua_State *L; /* copy of the Lua state */
+ struct BlockCnt *bl; /* chain of current blocks */
+ int pc; /* next position to code (equivalent to `ncode') */
+ int lasttarget; /* `pc' of last `jump target' */
+ int jpc; /* list of pending jumps to `pc' */
+ int freereg; /* first free register */
+ int nk; /* number of elements in `k' */
+ int np; /* number of elements in `p' */
+ short nlocvars; /* number of elements in `locvars' */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* number of active local variables */
+ upvaldesc upvalues[LUAI_MAXUPVALUES]; /* upvalues */
+ unsigned short actvar[LUAI_MAXVARS]; /* declared-variable stack */
+} FuncState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+ const char *name);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lstate.c
@@ -1,0 +1,214 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lstate_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define state_size(x) (sizeof(x) + LUAI_EXTRASPACE)
+#define fromstate(l) (cast(lu_byte *, (l)) - LUAI_EXTRASPACE)
+#define tostate(l) (cast(lua_State *, cast(lu_byte *, l) + LUAI_EXTRASPACE))
+
+
+/*
+** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
+*/
+typedef struct LG {+ lua_State l;
+ global_State g;
+} LG;
+
+
+
+static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {+ /* initialize CallInfo array */
+ L1->base_ci = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_CI_SIZE, CallInfo);
+ L1->ci = L1->base_ci;
+ L1->size_ci = BASIC_CI_SIZE;
+ L1->end_ci = L1->base_ci + L1->size_ci - 1;
+ /* initialize stack array */
+ L1->stack = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK, TValue);
+ L1->stacksize = BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK;
+ L1->top = L1->stack;
+ L1->stack_last = L1->stack+(L1->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK)-1;
+ /* initialize first ci */
+ L1->ci->func = L1->top;
+ setnilvalue(L1->top++); /* `function' entry for this `ci' */
+ L1->base = L1->ci->base = L1->top;
+ L1->ci->top = L1->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+}
+
+
+static void freestack (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {+ luaM_freearray(L, L1->base_ci, L1->size_ci, CallInfo);
+ luaM_freearray(L, L1->stack, L1->stacksize, TValue);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** open parts that may cause memory-allocation errors
+*/
+static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ stack_init(L, L); /* init stack */
+ sethvalue(L, gt(L), luaH_new(L, 0, 2)); /* table of globals */
+ sethvalue(L, registry(L), luaH_new(L, 0, 2)); /* registry */
+ luaS_resize(L, MINSTRTABSIZE); /* initial size of string table */
+ luaT_init(L);
+ luaX_init(L);
+ luaS_fix(luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG));
+ g->GCthreshold = 4*g->totalbytes;
+}
+
+
+static void preinit_state (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {+ G(L) = g;
+ L->stack = NULL;
+ L->stacksize = 0;
+ L->errorJmp = NULL;
+ L->hook = NULL;
+ L->hookmask = 0;
+ L->basehookcount = 0;
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->openupval = NULL;
+ L->size_ci = 0;
+ L->nCcalls = 0;
+ L->status = 0;
+ L->base_ci = L->ci = NULL;
+ L->savedpc = NULL;
+ L->errfunc = 0;
+ setnilvalue(gt(L));
+}
+
+
+static void close_state (lua_State *L) {+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ luaC_freeall(L); /* collect all objects */
+ lua_assert(g->rootgc == obj2gco(L));
+ lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
+ luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size, TString *);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ freestack(L, L);
+ lua_assert(g->totalbytes == sizeof(LG));
+ (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), state_size(LG), 0);
+}
+
+
+lua_State *luaE_newthread (lua_State *L) {+ lua_State *L1 = tostate(luaM_malloc(L, state_size(lua_State)));
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(L1), LUA_TTHREAD);
+ preinit_state(L1, G(L));
+ stack_init(L1, L); /* init stack */
+ setobj2n(L, gt(L1), gt(L)); /* share table of globals */
+ L1->hookmask = L->hookmask;
+ L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount;
+ L1->hook = L->hook;
+ resethookcount(L1);
+ lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(L1)));
+ return L1;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {+ luaF_close(L1, L1->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL);
+ luai_userstatefree(L1);
+ freestack(L, L1);
+ luaM_freemem(L, fromstate(L1), state_size(lua_State));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {+ int i;
+ lua_State *L;
+ global_State *g;
+ void *l = (*f)(ud, NULL, 0, state_size(LG));
+ if (l == NULL) return NULL;
+ L = tostate(l);
+ g = &((LG *)L)->g;
+ L->next = NULL;
+ L->tt = LUA_TTHREAD;
+ g->currentwhite = bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, FIXEDBIT);
+ L->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ set2bits(L->marked, FIXEDBIT, SFIXEDBIT);
+ preinit_state(L, g);
+ g->frealloc = f;
+ g->ud = ud;
+ g->mainthread = L;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.prev = &g->uvhead;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = &g->uvhead;
+ g->GCthreshold = 0; /* mark it as unfinished state */
+ g->strt.size = 0;
+ g->strt.nuse = 0;
+ g->strt.hash = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(registry(L));
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ g->panic = NULL;
+ g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+ g->rootgc = obj2gco(L);
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc;
+ g->gray = NULL;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ g->tmudata = NULL;
+ g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+ g->gcpause = LUAI_GCPAUSE;
+ g->gcstepmul = LUAI_GCMUL;
+ g->gcdept = 0;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_TAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+ if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != 0) {+ /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
+ close_state(L);
+ L = NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ luai_userstateopen(L);
+ return L;
+}
+
+
+static void callallgcTM (lua_State *L, void *ud) {+ UNUSED(ud);
+ luaC_callGCTM(L); /* call GC metamethods for all udata */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {+ L = G(L)->mainthread; /* only the main thread can be closed */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ luaC_separateudata(L, 1); /* separate udata that have GC metamethods */
+ L->errfunc = 0; /* no error function during GC metamethods */
+ do { /* repeat until no more errors */+ L->ci = L->base_ci;
+ L->base = L->top = L->ci->base;
+ L->nCcalls = 0;
+ } while (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, callallgcTM, NULL) != 0);
+ lua_assert(G(L)->tmudata == NULL);
+ luai_userstateclose(L);
+ close_state(L);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lstate.h
@@ -1,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:40 rrt Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstate_h
+#define lstate_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+struct lua_longjmp; /* defined in ldo.c */
+
+
+/* table of globals */
+#define gt(L) (&L->l_gt)
+
+/* registry */
+#define registry(L) (&G(L)->l_registry)
+
+
+/* extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras */
+#define EXTRA_STACK 5
+
+
+#define BASIC_CI_SIZE 8
+
+#define BASIC_STACK_SIZE (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
+
+
+
+typedef struct stringtable {+ GCObject **hash;
+ lu_int32 nuse; /* number of elements */
+ int size;
+} stringtable;
+
+
+/*
+** informations about a call
+*/
+typedef struct CallInfo {+ StkId base; /* base for this function */
+ StkId func; /* function index in the stack */
+ StkId top; /* top for this function */
+ const Instruction *savedpc;
+ int nresults; /* expected number of results from this function */
+ int tailcalls; /* number of tail calls lost under this entry */
+} CallInfo;
+
+
+
+#define curr_func(L) (clvalue(L->ci->func))
+#define ci_func(ci) (clvalue((ci)->func))
+#define f_isLua(ci) (!ci_func(ci)->c.isC)
+#define isLua(ci) (ttisfunction((ci)->func) && f_isLua(ci))
+
+
+/*
+** `global state', shared by all threads of this state
+*/
+typedef struct global_State {+ stringtable strt; /* hash table for strings */
+ lua_Alloc frealloc; /* function to reallocate memory */
+ void *ud; /* auxiliary data to `frealloc' */
+ lu_byte currentwhite;
+ lu_byte gcstate; /* state of garbage collector */
+ int sweepstrgc; /* position of sweep in `strt' */
+ GCObject *rootgc; /* list of all collectable objects */
+ GCObject **sweepgc; /* position of sweep in `rootgc' */
+ GCObject *gray; /* list of gray objects */
+ GCObject *grayagain; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+ GCObject *weak; /* list of weak tables (to be cleared) */
+ GCObject *tmudata; /* last element of list of userdata to be GC */
+ Mbuffer buff; /* temporary buffer for string concatentation */
+ lu_mem GCthreshold;
+ lu_mem totalbytes; /* number of bytes currently allocated */
+ lu_mem estimate; /* an estimate of number of bytes actually in use */
+ lu_mem gcdept; /* how much GC is `behind schedule' */
+ int gcpause; /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+ int gcstepmul; /* GC `granularity' */
+ lua_CFunction panic; /* to be called in unprotected errors */
+ TValue l_registry;
+ struct lua_State *mainthread;
+ UpVal uvhead; /* head of double-linked list of all open upvalues */
+ struct Table *mt[NUM_TAGS]; /* metatables for basic types */
+ TString *tmname[TM_N]; /* array with tag-method names */
+} global_State;
+
+
+/*
+** `per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte status;
+ StkId top; /* first free slot in the stack */
+ StkId base; /* base of current function */
+ global_State *l_G;
+ CallInfo *ci; /* call info for current function */
+ const Instruction *savedpc; /* `savedpc' of current function */
+ StkId stack_last; /* last free slot in the stack */
+ StkId stack; /* stack base */
+ CallInfo *end_ci; /* points after end of ci array*/
+ CallInfo *base_ci; /* array of CallInfo's */
+ int stacksize;
+ int size_ci; /* size of array `base_ci' */
+ unsigned short nCcalls; /* number of nested C calls */
+ lu_byte hookmask;
+ lu_byte allowhook;
+ int basehookcount;
+ int hookcount;
+ lua_Hook hook;
+ TValue l_gt; /* table of globals */
+ TValue env; /* temporary place for environments */
+ GCObject *openupval; /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp; /* current error recover point */
+ ptrdiff_t errfunc; /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+};
+
+
+#define G(L) (L->l_G)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+union GCObject {+ GCheader gch;
+ union TString ts;
+ union Udata u;
+ union Closure cl;
+ struct Table h;
+ struct Proto p;
+ struct UpVal uv;
+ struct lua_State th; /* thread */
+};
+
+
+/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
+#define rawgco2ts(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TSTRING, &((o)->ts))
+#define gco2ts(o) (&rawgco2ts(o)->tsv)
+#define rawgco2u(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUSERDATA, &((o)->u))
+#define gco2u(o) (&rawgco2u(o)->uv)
+#define gco2cl(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((o)->cl))
+#define gco2h(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTABLE, &((o)->h))
+#define gco2p(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TPROTO, &((o)->p))
+#define gco2uv(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv))
+#define ngcotouv(o) \
+ check_exp((o) == NULL || (o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv))
+#define gco2th(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD, &((o)->th))
+
+/* macro to convert any Lua object into a GCObject */
+#define obj2gco(v) (cast(GCObject *, (v)))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC lua_State *luaE_newthread (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lstring.c
@@ -1,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstring_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+
+
+
+void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize) {+ GCObject **newhash;
+ stringtable *tb;
+ int i;
+ if (G(L)->gcstate == GCSsweepstring)
+ return; /* cannot resize during GC traverse */
+ newhash = luaM_newvector(L, newsize, GCObject *);
+ tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ for (i=0; i<newsize; i++) newhash[i] = NULL;
+ /* rehash */
+ for (i=0; i<tb->size; i++) {+ GCObject *p = tb->hash[i];
+ while (p) { /* for each node in the list */+ GCObject *next = p->gch.next; /* save next */
+ unsigned int h = gco2ts(p)->hash;
+ int h1 = lmod(h, newsize); /* new position */
+ lua_assert(cast_int(h%newsize) == lmod(h, newsize));
+ p->gch.next = newhash[h1]; /* chain it */
+ newhash[h1] = p;
+ p = next;
+ }
+ }
+ luaM_freearray(L, tb->hash, tb->size, TString *);
+ tb->size = newsize;
+ tb->hash = newhash;
+}
+
+
+static TString *newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l,
+ unsigned int h) {+ TString *ts;
+ stringtable *tb;
+ if (l+1 > (MAX_SIZET - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ ts = cast(TString *, luaM_malloc(L, (l+1)*sizeof(char)+sizeof(TString)));
+ ts->tsv.len = l;
+ ts->tsv.hash = h;
+ ts->tsv.marked = luaC_white(G(L));
+ ts->tsv.tt = LUA_TSTRING;
+ ts->tsv.reserved = 0;
+ memcpy(ts+1, str, l*sizeof(char));
+ ((char *)(ts+1))[l] = '\0'; /* ending 0 */
+ tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ h = lmod(h, tb->size);
+ ts->tsv.next = tb->hash[h]; /* chain new entry */
+ tb->hash[h] = obj2gco(ts);
+ tb->nuse++;
+ if (tb->nuse > cast(lu_int32, tb->size) && tb->size <= MAX_INT/2)
+ luaS_resize(L, tb->size*2); /* too crowded */
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {+ GCObject *o;
+ unsigned int h = cast(unsigned int, l); /* seed */
+ size_t step = (l>>5)+1; /* if string is too long, don't hash all its chars */
+ size_t l1;
+ for (l1=l; l1>=step; l1-=step) /* compute hash */
+ h = h ^ ((h<<5)+(h>>2)+cast(unsigned char, str[l1-1]));
+ for (o = G(L)->strt.hash[lmod(h, G(L)->strt.size)];
+ o != NULL;
+ o = o->gch.next) {+ TString *ts = rawgco2ts(o);
+ if (ts->tsv.len == l && (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l) == 0)) {+ /* string may be dead */
+ if (isdead(G(L), o)) changewhite(o);
+ return ts;
+ }
+ }
+ return newlstr(L, str, l, h); /* not found */
+}
+
+
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e) {+ Udata *u;
+ if (s > MAX_SIZET - sizeof(Udata))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ u = cast(Udata *, luaM_malloc(L, s + sizeof(Udata)));
+ u->uv.marked = luaC_white(G(L)); /* is not finalized */
+ u->uv.tt = LUA_TUSERDATA;
+ u->uv.len = s;
+ u->uv.metatable = NULL;
+ u->uv.env = e;
+ /* chain it on udata list (after main thread) */
+ u->uv.next = G(L)->mainthread->next;
+ G(L)->mainthread->next = obj2gco(u);
+ return u;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lstring.h
@@ -1,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstring_h
+#define lstring_h
+
+
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define sizestring(s) (sizeof(union TString)+((s)->len+1)*sizeof(char))
+
+#define sizeudata(u) (sizeof(union Udata)+(u)->len)
+
+#define luaS_new(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, s, strlen(s)))
+#define luaS_newliteral(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
+ (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
+
+#define luaS_fix(s) l_setbit((s)->tsv.marked, FIXEDBIT)
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lstrlib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,868 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstrlib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstrlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/* macro to `unsign' a character */
+#define uchar(c) ((unsigned char)(c))
+
+
+
+static int str_len (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, l);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static ptrdiff_t posrelat (ptrdiff_t pos, size_t len) {+ /* relative string position: negative means back from end */
+ return (pos>=0) ? pos : (ptrdiff_t)len+pos+1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_sub (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ ptrdiff_t start = posrelat(luaL_checkinteger(L, 2), l);
+ ptrdiff_t end = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), l);
+ if (start < 1) start = 1;
+ if (end > (ptrdiff_t)l) end = (ptrdiff_t)l;
+ if (start <= end)
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s+start-1, end-start+1);
+ else lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_reverse (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (l--) luaL_addchar(&b, s[l]);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_lower (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ size_t i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, tolower(uchar(s[i])));
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_upper (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ size_t i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, toupper(uchar(s[i])));
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int str_rep (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (n-- > 0)
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, s, l);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_byte (lua_State *L) {+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ ptrdiff_t posi = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), l);
+ ptrdiff_t pose = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), l);
+ int n, i;
+ if (posi <= 0) posi = 1;
+ if ((size_t)pose > l) pose = l;
+ if (posi > pose) return 0; /* empty interval; return no values */
+ n = (int)(pose - posi + 1);
+ if (posi + n <= pose) /* overflow? */
+ luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+ luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1]));
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static int str_char (lua_State *L) {+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ int i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {+ int c = luaL_checkint(L, i);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, uchar(c) == c, i, "invalid value");
+ luaL_addchar(&b, uchar(c));
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int writer (lua_State *L, const void* b, size_t size, void* B) {+ (void)L;
+ luaL_addlstring((luaL_Buffer*) B, (const char *)b, size);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int str_dump (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ luaL_buffinit(L,&b);
+ if (lua_dump(L, writer, &b) != 0)
+ luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function");
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** PATTERN MATCHING
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define CAP_UNFINISHED (-1)
+#define CAP_POSITION (-2)
+
+typedef struct MatchState {+ const char *src_init; /* init of source string */
+ const char *src_end; /* end (`\0') of source string */
+ lua_State *L;
+ int level; /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */
+ struct {+ const char *init;
+ ptrdiff_t len;
+ } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES];
+} MatchState;
+
+
+#define L_ESC '%'
+#define SPECIALS "^$*+?.([%-"
+
+
+static int check_capture (MatchState *ms, int l) {+ l -= '1';
+ if (l < 0 || l >= ms->level || ms->capture[l].len == CAP_UNFINISHED)
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index");
+ return l;
+}
+
+
+static int capture_to_close (MatchState *ms) {+ int level = ms->level;
+ for (level--; level>=0; level--)
+ if (ms->capture[level].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) return level;
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid pattern capture");
+}
+
+
+static const char *classend (MatchState *ms, const char *p) {+ switch (*p++) {+ case L_ESC: {+ if (*p == '\0')
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (ends with " LUA_QL("%%") ")");+ return p+1;
+ }
+ case '[': {+ if (*p == '^') p++;
+ do { /* look for a `]' */+ if (*p == '\0')
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing " LUA_QL("]") ")");+ if (*(p++) == L_ESC && *p != '\0')
+ p++; /* skip escapes (e.g. `%]') */
+ } while (*p != ']');
+ return p+1;
+ }
+ default: {+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int match_class (int c, int cl) {+ int res;
+ switch (tolower(cl)) {+ case 'a' : res = isalpha(c); break;
+ case 'c' : res = iscntrl(c); break;
+ case 'd' : res = isdigit(c); break;
+ case 'l' : res = islower(c); break;
+ case 'p' : res = ispunct(c); break;
+ case 's' : res = isspace(c); break;
+ case 'u' : res = isupper(c); break;
+ case 'w' : res = isalnum(c); break;
+ case 'x' : res = isxdigit(c); break;
+ case 'z' : res = (c == 0); break;
+ default: return (cl == c);
+ }
+ return (islower(cl) ? res : !res);
+}
+
+
+static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) {+ int sig = 1;
+ if (*(p+1) == '^') {+ sig = 0;
+ p++; /* skip the `^' */
+ }
+ while (++p < ec) {+ if (*p == L_ESC) {+ p++;
+ if (match_class(c, uchar(*p)))
+ return sig;
+ }
+ else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) {+ p+=2;
+ if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p))
+ return sig;
+ }
+ else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig;
+ }
+ return !sig;
+}
+
+
+static int singlematch (int c, const char *p, const char *ep) {+ switch (*p) {+ case '.': return 1; /* matches any char */
+ case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1)));
+ case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1);
+ default: return (uchar(*p) == c);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p);
+
+
+static const char *matchbalance (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p) {+ if (*p == 0 || *(p+1) == 0)
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "unbalanced pattern");
+ if (*s != *p) return NULL;
+ else {+ int b = *p;
+ int e = *(p+1);
+ int cont = 1;
+ while (++s < ms->src_end) {+ if (*s == e) {+ if (--cont == 0) return s+1;
+ }
+ else if (*s == b) cont++;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* string ends out of balance */
+}
+
+
+static const char *max_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {+ ptrdiff_t i = 0; /* counts maximum expand for item */
+ while ((s+i)<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*(s+i)), p, ep))
+ i++;
+ /* keeps trying to match with the maximum repetitions */
+ while (i>=0) {+ const char *res = match(ms, (s+i), ep+1);
+ if (res) return res;
+ i--; /* else didn't match; reduce 1 repetition to try again */
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *min_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {+ for (;;) {+ const char *res = match(ms, s, ep+1);
+ if (res != NULL)
+ return res;
+ else if (s<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep))
+ s++; /* try with one more repetition */
+ else return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *start_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, int what) {+ const char *res;
+ int level = ms->level;
+ if (level >= LUA_MAXCAPTURES) luaL_error(ms->L, "too many captures");
+ ms->capture[level].init = s;
+ ms->capture[level].len = what;
+ ms->level = level+1;
+ if ((res=match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */
+ ms->level--; /* undo capture */
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p) {+ int l = capture_to_close(ms);
+ const char *res;
+ ms->capture[l].len = s - ms->capture[l].init; /* close capture */
+ if ((res = match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */
+ ms->capture[l].len = CAP_UNFINISHED; /* undo capture */
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) {+ size_t len;
+ l = check_capture(ms, l);
+ len = ms->capture[l].len;
+ if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len &&
+ memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0)
+ return s+len;
+ else return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {+ init: /* using goto's to optimize tail recursion */
+ switch (*p) {+ case '(': { /* start capture */+ if (*(p+1) == ')') /* position capture? */
+ return start_capture(ms, s, p+2, CAP_POSITION);
+ else
+ return start_capture(ms, s, p+1, CAP_UNFINISHED);
+ }
+ case ')': { /* end capture */+ return end_capture(ms, s, p+1);
+ }
+ case L_ESC: {+ switch (*(p+1)) {+ case 'b': { /* balanced string? */+ s = matchbalance(ms, s, p+2);
+ if (s == NULL) return NULL;
+ p+=4; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+4); */
+ }
+ case 'f': { /* frontier? */+ const char *ep; char previous;
+ p += 2;
+ if (*p != '[')
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "missing " LUA_QL("[") " after "+ LUA_QL("%%f") " in pattern");+ ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */
+ previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s-1);
+ if (matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep-1) ||
+ !matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep-1)) return NULL;
+ p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep); */
+ }
+ default: {+ if (isdigit(uchar(*(p+1)))) { /* capture results (%0-%9)? */+ s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p+1)));
+ if (s == NULL) return NULL;
+ p+=2; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+2) */
+ }
+ goto dflt; /* case default */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ case '\0': { /* end of pattern */+ return s; /* match succeeded */
+ }
+ case '$': {+ if (*(p+1) == '\0') /* is the `$' the last char in pattern? */
+ return (s == ms->src_end) ? s : NULL; /* check end of string */
+ else goto dflt;
+ }
+ default: dflt: { /* it is a pattern item */+ const char *ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */
+ int m = s<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep);
+ switch (*ep) {+ case '?': { /* optional */+ const char *res;
+ if (m && ((res=match(ms, s+1, ep+1)) != NULL))
+ return res;
+ p=ep+1; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep+1); */
+ }
+ case '*': { /* 0 or more repetitions */+ return max_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+ }
+ case '+': { /* 1 or more repetitions */+ return (m ? max_expand(ms, s+1, p, ep) : NULL);
+ }
+ case '-': { /* 0 or more repetitions (minimum) */+ return min_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+ }
+ default: {+ if (!m) return NULL;
+ s++; p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s+1, ep); */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,
+ const char *s2, size_t l2) {+ if (l2 == 0) return s1; /* empty strings are everywhere */
+ else if (l2 > l1) return NULL; /* avoids a negative `l1' */
+ else {+ const char *init; /* to search for a `*s2' inside `s1' */
+ l2--; /* 1st char will be checked by `memchr' */
+ l1 = l1-l2; /* `s2' cannot be found after that */
+ while (l1 > 0 && (init = (const char *)memchr(s1, *s2, l1)) != NULL) {+ init++; /* 1st char is already checked */
+ if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0)
+ return init-1;
+ else { /* correct `l1' and `s1' to try again */+ l1 -= init-s1;
+ s1 = init;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {+ if (i >= ms->level) {+ if (i == 0) /* ms->level == 0, too */
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, s, e - s); /* add whole match */
+ else
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index");
+ }
+ else {+ ptrdiff_t l = ms->capture[i].len;
+ if (l == CAP_UNFINISHED) luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture");
+ if (l == CAP_POSITION)
+ lua_pushinteger(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init + 1);
+ else
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init, l);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int push_captures (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *e) {+ int i;
+ int nlevels = (ms->level == 0 && s) ? 1 : ms->level;
+ luaL_checkstack(ms->L, nlevels, "too many captures");
+ for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++)
+ push_onecapture(ms, i, s, e);
+ return nlevels; /* number of strings pushed */
+}
+
+
+static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {+ size_t l1, l2;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l1);
+ const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &l2);
+ ptrdiff_t init = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), l1) - 1;
+ if (init < 0) init = 0;
+ else if ((size_t)(init) > l1) init = (ptrdiff_t)l1;
+ if (find && (lua_toboolean(L, 4) || /* explicit request? */
+ strpbrk(p, SPECIALS) == NULL)) { /* or no special characters? */+ /* do a plain search */
+ const char *s2 = lmemfind(s+init, l1-init, p, l2);
+ if (s2) {+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2-s+1);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2-s+l2);
+ return 2;
+ }
+ }
+ else {+ MatchState ms;
+ int anchor = (*p == '^') ? (p++, 1) : 0;
+ const char *s1=s+init;
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = s;
+ ms.src_end = s+l1;
+ do {+ const char *res;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) {+ if (find) {+ lua_pushinteger(L, s1-s+1); /* start */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, res-s); /* end */
+ return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2;
+ }
+ else
+ return push_captures(&ms, s1, res);
+ }
+ } while (s1++ < ms.src_end && !anchor);
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not found */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_find (lua_State *L) {+ return str_find_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int str_match (lua_State *L) {+ return str_find_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch_aux (lua_State *L) {+ MatchState ms;
+ size_t ls;
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), &ls);
+ const char *p = lua_tostring(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));
+ const char *src;
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = s;
+ ms.src_end = s+ls;
+ for (src = s + (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+ src <= ms.src_end;
+ src++) {+ const char *e;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL) {+ lua_Integer newstart = e-s;
+ if (e == src) newstart++; /* empty match? go at least one position */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, newstart);
+ lua_replace(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+ return push_captures(&ms, src, e);
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, gmatch_aux, 3);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int gfind_nodef (lua_State *L) {+ return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("string.gfind") " was renamed to "+ LUA_QL("string.gmatch"));+}
+
+
+static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {+ size_t l, i;
+ const char *news = lua_tolstring(ms->L, 3, &l);
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {+ if (news[i] != L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);
+ else {+ i++; /* skip ESC */
+ if (!isdigit(uchar(news[i])))
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);
+ else if (news[i] == '0')
+ luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);
+ else {+ push_onecapture(ms, news[i] - '1', s, e);
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add capture to accumulated result */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {+ lua_State *L = ms->L;
+ switch (lua_type(L, 3)) {+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {+ add_s(ms, b, s, e);
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {+ int n;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
+ n = push_captures(ms, s, e);
+ lua_call(L, n, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {+ push_onecapture(ms, 0, s, e);
+ lua_gettable(L, 3);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ luaL_argerror(L, 3, "string/function/table expected");
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* nil or false? */+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s, e - s); /* keep original text */
+ }
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid replacement value (a %s)", luaL_typename(L, -1));
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add result to accumulator */
+}
+
+
+static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {+ size_t srcl;
+ const char *src = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &srcl);
+ const char *p = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ int max_s = luaL_optint(L, 4, srcl+1);
+ int anchor = (*p == '^') ? (p++, 1) : 0;
+ int n = 0;
+ MatchState ms;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = src;
+ ms.src_end = src+srcl;
+ while (n < max_s) {+ const char *e;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ e = match(&ms, src, p);
+ if (e) {+ n++;
+ add_value(&ms, &b, src, e);
+ }
+ if (e && e>src) /* non empty match? */
+ src = e; /* skip it */
+ else if (src < ms.src_end)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *src++);
+ else break;
+ if (anchor) break;
+ }
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n); /* number of substitutions */
+ return 2;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/* maximum size of each formatted item (> len(format('%99.99f', -1e308))) */+#define MAX_ITEM 512
+/* valid flags in a format specification */
+#define FLAGS "-+ #0"
+/*
+** maximum size of each format specification (such as '%-099.99d')
+** (+10 accounts for %99.99x plus margin of error)
+*/
+#define MAX_FORMAT (sizeof(FLAGS) + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) + 10)
+
+
+static void addquoted (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+ while (l--) {+ switch (*s) {+ case '"': case '\\': case '\n': {+ luaL_addchar(b, '\\');
+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\r': {+ luaL_addlstring(b, "\\r", 2);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\0': {+ luaL_addlstring(b, "\\000", 4);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ s++;
+ }
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+}
+
+static const char *scanformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt, char *form) {+ const char *p = strfrmt;
+ while (strchr(FLAGS, *p)) p++; /* skip flags */
+ if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(FLAGS))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (repeated flags)");
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip width */
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */
+ if (*p == '.') {+ p++;
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip precision */
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */
+ }
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p)))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (width or precision too long)");
+ *(form++) = '%';
+ strncpy(form, strfrmt, p - strfrmt + 1);
+ form += p - strfrmt + 1;
+ *form = '\0';
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static void addintlen (char *form) {+ size_t l = strlen(form);
+ char spec = form[l - 1];
+ strcpy(form + l - 1, LUA_INTFRMLEN);
+ form[l + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) - 2] = spec;
+ form[l + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) - 1] = '\0';
+}
+
+
+static int str_format (lua_State *L) {+ int arg = 1;
+ size_t sfl;
+ const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl);
+ const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) {+ if (*strfrmt != L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);
+ else if (*++strfrmt == L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++); /* %% */
+ else { /* format item */+ char form[MAX_FORMAT]; /* to store the format (`%...') */
+ char buff[MAX_ITEM]; /* to store the formatted item */
+ arg++;
+ strfrmt = scanformat(L, strfrmt, form);
+ switch (*strfrmt++) {+ case 'c': {+ sprintf(buff, form, (int)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'd': case 'i': {+ addintlen(form);
+ sprintf(buff, form, (LUA_INTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {+ addintlen(form);
+ sprintf(buff, form, (unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'e': case 'E': case 'f':
+ case 'g': case 'G': {+ sprintf(buff, form, (double)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'q': {+ addquoted(L, &b, arg);
+ continue; /* skip the 'addsize' at the end */
+ }
+ case 's': {+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) {+ /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted;
+ keep original string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg);
+ luaL_addvalue(&b);
+ continue; /* skip the `addsize' at the end */
+ }
+ else {+ sprintf(buff, form, s);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ default: { /* also treat cases `pnLlh' */+ return luaL_error(L, "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to "+ LUA_QL("format"), *(strfrmt - 1));+ }
+ }
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, strlen(buff));
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg strlib[] = {+ {"byte", str_byte},+ {"char", str_char},+ {"dump", str_dump},+ {"find", str_find},+ {"format", str_format},+ {"gfind", gfind_nodef},+ {"gmatch", gmatch},+ {"gsub", str_gsub},+ {"len", str_len},+ {"lower", str_lower},+ {"match", str_match},+ {"rep", str_rep},+ {"reverse", str_reverse},+ {"sub", str_sub},+ {"upper", str_upper},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+static void createmetatable (lua_State *L) {+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create metatable for strings */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* dummy string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2); /* set string metatable */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop dummy string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* string library... */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* ...is the __index metamethod */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Open string library
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_string (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_register(L, LUA_STRLIBNAME, strlib);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GFIND)
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "gmatch");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "gfind");
+#endif
+ createmetatable(L);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ltable.c
@@ -1,0 +1,588 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables).
+** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part.
+** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array
+** part. The actual size of the array is the largest `n' such that at
+** least half the slots between 0 and n are in use.
+** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation.
+** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not
+** in its main position (i.e. the `original' position that its hash gives
+** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position.
+** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good.
+*/
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltable_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+/*
+** max size of array part is 2^MAXBITS
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT > 26
+#define MAXBITS 26
+#else
+#define MAXBITS (LUAI_BITSINT-2)
+#endif
+
+#define MAXASIZE (1 << MAXBITS)
+
+
+#define hashpow2(t,n) (gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t))))
+
+#define hashstr(t,str) hashpow2(t, (str)->tsv.hash)
+#define hashboolean(t,p) hashpow2(t, p)
+
+
+/*
+** for some types, it is better to avoid modulus by power of 2, as
+** they tend to have many 2 factors.
+*/
+#define hashmod(t,n) (gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1))))
+
+
+#define hashpointer(t,p) hashmod(t, IntPoint(p))
+
+
+/*
+** number of ints inside a lua_Number
+*/
+#define numints cast_int(sizeof(lua_Number)/sizeof(int))
+
+
+
+#define dummynode (&dummynode_)
+
+static const Node dummynode_ = {+ {{NULL}, LUA_TNIL}, /* value */+ {{{NULL}, LUA_TNIL, NULL}} /* key */+};
+
+
+/*
+** hash for lua_Numbers
+*/
+static Node *hashnum (const Table *t, lua_Number n) {+ unsigned int a[numints];
+ int i;
+ n += 1; /* normalize number (avoid -0) */
+ lua_assert(sizeof(a) <= sizeof(n));
+ memcpy(a, &n, sizeof(a));
+ for (i = 1; i < numints; i++) a[0] += a[i];
+ return hashmod(t, a[0]);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** returns the `main' position of an element in a table (that is, the index
+** of its hash value)
+*/
+static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {+ switch (ttype(key)) {+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ return hashnum(t, nvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ return hashboolean(t, bvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return hashpointer(t, pvalue(key));
+ default:
+ return hashpointer(t, gcvalue(key));
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index for `key' if `key' is an appropriate key to live in
+** the array part of the table, -1 otherwise.
+*/
+static int arrayindex (const TValue *key) {+ if (ttisnumber(key)) {+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ int k;
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n))
+ return k;
+ }
+ return -1; /* `key' did not match some condition */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index of a `key' for table traversals. First goes all
+** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The
+** beginning of a traversal is signalled by -1.
+*/
+static int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {+ int i;
+ if (ttisnil(key)) return -1; /* first iteration */
+ i = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < i && i <= t->sizearray) /* is `key' inside array part? */
+ return i-1; /* yes; that's the index (corrected to C) */
+ else {+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */+ /* key may be dead already, but it is ok to use it in `next' */
+ if (luaO_rawequalObj(key2tval(n), key) ||
+ (ttype(gkey(n)) == LUA_TDEADKEY && iscollectable(key) &&
+ gcvalue(gkey(n)) == gcvalue(key))) {+ i = cast_int(n - gnode(t, 0)); /* key index in hash table */
+ /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */
+ return i + t->sizearray;
+ }
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to " LUA_QL("next")); /* key not found */+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {+ int i = findindex(L, t, key); /* find original element */
+ for (i++; i < t->sizearray; i++) { /* try first array part */+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i])) { /* a non-nil value? */+ setnvalue(key, cast_num(i+1));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, &t->array[i]);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ for (i -= t->sizearray; i < sizenode(t); i++) { /* then hash part */+ if (!ttisnil(gval(gnode(t, i)))) { /* a non-nil value? */+ setobj2s(L, key, key2tval(gnode(t, i)));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, gval(gnode(t, i)));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* no more elements */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {=============================================================+** Rehash
+** ==============================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int computesizes (int nums[], int *narray) {+ int i;
+ int twotoi; /* 2^i */
+ int a = 0; /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */
+ int na = 0; /* number of elements to go to array part */
+ int n = 0; /* optimal size for array part */
+ for (i = 0, twotoi = 1; twotoi/2 < *narray; i++, twotoi *= 2) {+ if (nums[i] > 0) {+ a += nums[i];
+ if (a > twotoi/2) { /* more than half elements present? */+ n = twotoi; /* optimal size (till now) */
+ na = a; /* all elements smaller than n will go to array part */
+ }
+ }
+ if (a == *narray) break; /* all elements already counted */
+ }
+ *narray = n;
+ lua_assert(*narray/2 <= na && na <= *narray);
+ return na;
+}
+
+
+static int countint (const TValue *key, int *nums) {+ int k = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < k && k <= MAXASIZE) { /* is `key' an appropriate array index? */+ nums[ceillog2(k)]++; /* count as such */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int numusearray (const Table *t, int *nums) {+ int lg;
+ int ttlg; /* 2^lg */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = 1; /* count to traverse all array keys */
+ for (lg=0, ttlg=1; lg<=MAXBITS; lg++, ttlg*=2) { /* for each slice */+ int lc = 0; /* counter */
+ int lim = ttlg;
+ if (lim > t->sizearray) {+ lim = t->sizearray; /* adjust upper limit */
+ if (i > lim)
+ break; /* no more elements to count */
+ }
+ /* count elements in range (2^(lg-1), 2^lg] */
+ for (; i <= lim; i++) {+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i-1]))
+ lc++;
+ }
+ nums[lg] += lc;
+ ause += lc;
+ }
+ return ause;
+}
+
+
+static int numusehash (const Table *t, int *nums, int *pnasize) {+ int totaluse = 0; /* total number of elements */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = sizenode(t);
+ while (i--) {+ Node *n = &t->node[i];
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n))) {+ ause += countint(key2tval(n), nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ }
+ }
+ *pnasize += ause;
+ return totaluse;
+}
+
+
+static void setarrayvector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {+ int i;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, t->sizearray, size, TValue);
+ for (i=t->sizearray; i<size; i++)
+ setnilvalue(&t->array[i]);
+ t->sizearray = size;
+}
+
+
+static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {+ int lsize;
+ if (size == 0) { /* no elements to hash part? */+ t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode); /* use common `dummynode' */
+ lsize = 0;
+ }
+ else {+ int i;
+ lsize = ceillog2(size);
+ if (lsize > MAXBITS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow");
+ size = twoto(lsize);
+ t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
+ for (i=0; i<size; i++) {+ Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+ gnext(n) = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(gkey(n));
+ setnilvalue(gval(n));
+ }
+ }
+ t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize);
+ t->lastfree = gnode(t, size); /* all positions are free */
+}
+
+
+static void resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize) {+ int i;
+ int oldasize = t->sizearray;
+ int oldhsize = t->lsizenode;
+ Node *nold = t->node; /* save old hash ... */
+ if (nasize > oldasize) /* array part must grow? */
+ setarrayvector(L, t, nasize);
+ /* create new hash part with appropriate size */
+ setnodevector(L, t, nhsize);
+ if (nasize < oldasize) { /* array part must shrink? */+ t->sizearray = nasize;
+ /* re-insert elements from vanishing slice */
+ for (i=nasize; i<oldasize; i++) {+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i]))
+ setobjt2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, t, i+1), &t->array[i]);
+ }
+ /* shrink array */
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, nasize, TValue);
+ }
+ /* re-insert elements from hash part */
+ for (i = twoto(oldhsize) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {+ Node *old = nold+i;
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(old)))
+ setobjt2t(L, luaH_set(L, t, key2tval(old)), gval(old));
+ }
+ if (nold != dummynode)
+ luaM_freearray(L, nold, twoto(oldhsize), Node); /* free old array */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize) {+ int nsize = (t->node == dummynode) ? 0 : sizenode(t);
+ resize(L, t, nasize, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) {+ int nasize, na;
+ int nums[MAXBITS+1]; /* nums[i] = number of keys between 2^(i-1) and 2^i */
+ int i;
+ int totaluse;
+ for (i=0; i<=MAXBITS; i++) nums[i] = 0; /* reset counts */
+ nasize = numusearray(t, nums); /* count keys in array part */
+ totaluse = nasize; /* all those keys are integer keys */
+ totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &nasize); /* count keys in hash part */
+ /* count extra key */
+ nasize += countint(ek, nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ /* compute new size for array part */
+ na = computesizes(nums, &nasize);
+ /* resize the table to new computed sizes */
+ resize(L, t, nasize, totaluse - na);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** }=============================================================
+*/
+
+
+Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L, int narray, int nhash) {+ Table *t = luaM_new(L, Table);
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(t), LUA_TTABLE);
+ t->metatable = NULL;
+ t->flags = cast_byte(~0);
+ /* temporary values (kept only if some malloc fails) */
+ t->array = NULL;
+ t->sizearray = 0;
+ t->lsizenode = 0;
+ t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode);
+ setarrayvector(L, t, narray);
+ setnodevector(L, t, nhash);
+ return t;
+}
+
+
+void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) {+ if (t->node != dummynode)
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->node, sizenode(t), Node);
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->array, t->sizearray, TValue);
+ luaM_free(L, t);
+}
+
+
+static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) {+ while (t->lastfree-- > t->node) {+ if (ttisnil(gkey(t->lastfree)))
+ return t->lastfree;
+ }
+ return NULL; /* could not find a free place */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main
+** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main
+** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and
+** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main
+** position), new key goes to an empty position.
+*/
+static TValue *newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {+ Node *mp = mainposition(t, key);
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(mp)) || mp == dummynode) {+ Node *othern;
+ Node *n = getfreepos(t); /* get a free place */
+ if (n == NULL) { /* cannot find a free place? */+ rehash(L, t, key); /* grow table */
+ return luaH_set(L, t, key); /* re-insert key into grown table */
+ }
+ lua_assert(n != dummynode);
+ othern = mainposition(t, key2tval(mp));
+ if (othern != mp) { /* is colliding node out of its main position? */+ /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
+ while (gnext(othern) != mp) othern = gnext(othern); /* find previous */
+ gnext(othern) = n; /* redo the chain with `n' in place of `mp' */
+ *n = *mp; /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */
+ gnext(mp) = NULL; /* now `mp' is free */
+ setnilvalue(gval(mp));
+ }
+ else { /* colliding node is in its own main position */+ /* new node will go into free position */
+ gnext(n) = gnext(mp); /* chain new position */
+ gnext(mp) = n;
+ mp = n;
+ }
+ }
+ gkey(mp)->value = key->value; gkey(mp)->tt = key->tt;
+ luaC_barriert(L, t, key);
+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(mp)));
+ return gval(mp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for integers
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getnum (Table *t, int key) {+ /* (1 <= key && key <= t->sizearray) */
+ if (cast(unsigned int, key-1) < cast(unsigned int, t->sizearray))
+ return &t->array[key-1];
+ else {+ lua_Number nk = cast_num(key);
+ Node *n = hashnum(t, nk);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */+ if (ttisnumber(gkey(n)) && luai_numeq(nvalue(gkey(n)), nk))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for strings
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) {+ Node *n = hashstr(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */+ if (ttisstring(gkey(n)) && rawtsvalue(gkey(n)) == key)
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** main search function
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) {+ switch (ttype(key)) {+ case LUA_TNIL: return luaO_nilobject;
+ case LUA_TSTRING: return luaH_getstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: {+ int k;
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), nvalue(key))) /* index is int? */
+ return luaH_getnum(t, k); /* use specialized version */
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ default: {+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */+ if (luaO_rawequalObj(key2tval(n), key))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {+ const TValue *p = luaH_get(t, key);
+ t->flags = 0;
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {+ if (ttisnil(key)) luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil");
+ else if (ttisnumber(key) && luai_numisnan(nvalue(key)))
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN");
+ return newkey(L, t, key);
+ }
+}
+
+
+TValue *luaH_setnum (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key) {+ const TValue *p = luaH_getnum(t, key);
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {+ TValue k;
+ setnvalue(&k, cast_num(key));
+ return newkey(L, t, &k);
+ }
+}
+
+
+TValue *luaH_setstr (lua_State *L, Table *t, TString *key) {+ const TValue *p = luaH_getstr(t, key);
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {+ TValue k;
+ setsvalue(L, &k, key);
+ return newkey(L, t, &k);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int unbound_search (Table *t, unsigned int j) {+ unsigned int i = j; /* i is zero or a present index */
+ j++;
+ /* find `i' and `j' such that i is present and j is not */
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, j))) {+ i = j;
+ j *= 2;
+ if (j > cast(unsigned int, MAX_INT)) { /* overflow? */+ /* table was built with bad purposes: resort to linear search */
+ i = 1;
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, i))) i++;
+ return i - 1;
+ }
+ }
+ /* now do a binary search between them */
+ while (j - i > 1) {+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, m))) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in table `t'. A `boundary' is an integer index
+** such that t[i] is non-nil and t[i+1] is nil (and 0 if t[1] is nil).
+*/
+int luaH_getn (Table *t) {+ unsigned int j = t->sizearray;
+ if (j > 0 && ttisnil(&t->array[j - 1])) {+ /* there is a boundary in the array part: (binary) search for it */
+ unsigned int i = 0;
+ while (j - i > 1) {+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(&t->array[m - 1])) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+ }
+ /* else must find a boundary in hash part */
+ else if (t->node == dummynode) /* hash part is empty? */
+ return j; /* that is easy... */
+ else return unbound_search(t, j);
+}
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+
+Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {+ return mainposition(t, key);
+}
+
+int luaH_isdummy (Node *n) { return n == dummynode; }+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ltable.h
@@ -1,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltable_h
+#define ltable_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define gnode(t,i) (&(t)->node[i])
+#define gkey(n) (&(n)->i_key.nk)
+#define gval(n) (&(n)->i_val)
+#define gnext(n) ((n)->i_key.nk.next)
+
+#define key2tval(n) (&(n)->i_key.tvk)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getnum (Table *t, int key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_setnum (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_setstr (lua_State *L, Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L, int narray, int lnhash);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_getn (Table *t);
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_isdummy (Node *n);
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ltablib.c
@@ -1,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltablib.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Library for Table Manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define ltablib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#define aux_getn(L,n) (luaL_checktype(L, n, LUA_TTABLE), luaL_getn(L, n))
+
+
+static int foreachi (lua_State *L) {+ int i;
+ int n = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ for (i=1; i <= n; i++) {+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* function */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, i); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* 2nd argument */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ return 1;
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil result */
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int foreach (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, 1)) {+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* function */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -3); /* key */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -3); /* value */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ return 1;
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove value and result */
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int maxn (lua_State *L) {+ lua_Number max = 0;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, 1)) {+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+ if (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {+ lua_Number v = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
+ if (v > max) max = v;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, max);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int getn (lua_State *L) {+ lua_pushinteger(L, aux_getn(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int setn (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+#ifndef luaL_setn
+ luaL_setn(L, 1, luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+#else
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("setn") " is obsolete");+#endif
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {+ int e = aux_getn(L, 1) + 1; /* first empty element */
+ int pos; /* where to insert new element */
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) {+ case 2: { /* called with only 2 arguments */+ pos = e; /* insert new element at the end */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 3: {+ int i;
+ pos = luaL_checkint(L, 2); /* 2nd argument is the position */
+ if (pos > e) e = pos; /* `grow' array if necessary */
+ for (i = e; i > pos; i--) { /* move up elements */+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i-1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i); /* t[i] = t[i-1] */
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {+ return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to " LUA_QL("insert"));+ }
+ }
+ luaL_setn(L, 1, e); /* new size */
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = v */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tremove (lua_State *L) {+ int e = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ int pos = luaL_optint(L, 2, e);
+ if (e == 0) return 0; /* table is `empty' */
+ luaL_setn(L, 1, e - 1); /* t.n = n-1 */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos); /* result = t[pos] */
+ for ( ;pos<e; pos++) {+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos+1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = t[pos+1] */
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, e); /* t[e] = nil */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ size_t lsep;
+ int i, last;
+ const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 3, 1);
+ last = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 4, luaL_getn(L, 1));
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (; i <= last; i++) {+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, lua_isstring(L, -1), 1, "table contains non-strings");
+ luaL_addvalue(&b);
+ if (i != last)
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep);
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================+** Quicksort
+** (based on `Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
+** Addison-Wesley, 1993.)
+*/
+
+
+static void set2 (lua_State *L, int i, int j) {+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, j);
+}
+
+static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {+ if (!lua_isnil(L, 2)) { /* function? */+ int res;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, a-1); /* -1 to compensate function */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, b-2); /* -2 to compensate function and `a' */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);
+ res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+ }
+ else /* a < b? */
+ return lua_lessthan(L, a, b);
+}
+
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, int l, int u) {+ while (l < u) { /* for tail recursion */+ int i, j;
+ /* sort elements a[l], a[(l+u)/2] and a[u] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u] < a[l]? */
+ set2(L, l, u); /* swap a[l] - a[u] */
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ if (u-l == 1) break; /* only 2 elements */
+ i = (l+u)/2;
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1)) /* a[i]<a[l]? */
+ set2(L, i, l);
+ else {+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[l] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u]<a[i]? */
+ set2(L, i, u);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ }
+ if (u-l == 2) break; /* only 3 elements */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* Pivot */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
+ set2(L, i, u-1);
+ /* a[l] <= P == a[u-1] <= a[u], only need to sort from l+1 to u-2 */
+ i = l; j = u-1;
+ for (;;) { /* invariant: a[l..i] <= P <= a[j..u] */+ /* repeat ++i until a[i] >= P */
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {+ if (i>u) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[i] */
+ }
+ /* repeat --j until a[j] <= P */
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {+ if (j<l) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[j] */
+ }
+ if (j<i) {+ lua_pop(L, 3); /* pop pivot, a[i], a[j] */
+ break;
+ }
+ set2(L, i, j);
+ }
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ set2(L, u-1, i); /* swap pivot (a[u-1]) with a[i] */
+ /* a[l..i-1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i+1..u] */
+ /* adjust so that smaller half is in [j..i] and larger one in [l..u] */
+ if (i-l < u-i) {+ j=l; i=i-1; l=i+2;
+ }
+ else {+ j=i+1; i=u; u=j-2;
+ }
+ auxsort(L, j, i); /* call recursively the smaller one */
+ } /* repeat the routine for the larger one */
+}
+
+static int sort (lua_State *L) {+ int n = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 40, ""); /* assume array is smaller than 2^40 */
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) /* is there a 2nd argument? */
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* make sure there is two arguments */
+ auxsort(L, 1, n);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {+ {"concat", tconcat},+ {"foreach", foreach},+ {"foreachi", foreachi},+ {"getn", getn},+ {"maxn", maxn},+ {"insert", tinsert},+ {"remove", tremove},+ {"setn", setn},+ {"sort", sort},+ {NULL, NULL}+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {+ luaL_register(L, LUA_TABLIBNAME, tab_funcs);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ltm.c
@@ -1,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+
+const char *const luaT_typenames[] = {+ "nil", "boolean", "userdata", "number",
+ "string", "table", "function", "userdata", "thread",
+ "proto", "upval"
+};
+
+
+void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {+ static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = { /* ORDER TM */+ "__index", "__newindex",
+ "__gc", "__mode", "__eq",
+ "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__div", "__mod",
+ "__pow", "__unm", "__len", "__lt", "__le",
+ "__concat", "__call"
+ };
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) {+ G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]);
+ luaS_fix(G(L)->tmname[i]); /* never collect these names */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to be used with macro "fasttm": optimized for absence of
+** tag methods
+*/
+const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {+ const TValue *tm = luaH_getstr(events, ename);
+ lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) { /* no tag method? */+ events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event); /* cache this fact */
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else return tm;
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {+ Table *mt;
+ switch (ttype(o)) {+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(o)];
+ }
+ return (mt ? luaH_getstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : luaO_nilobject);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/ltm.h
@@ -1,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltm_h
+#define ltm_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER TM"
+*/
+typedef enum {+ TM_INDEX,
+ TM_NEWINDEX,
+ TM_GC,
+ TM_MODE,
+ TM_EQ, /* last tag method with `fast' access */
+ TM_ADD,
+ TM_SUB,
+ TM_MUL,
+ TM_DIV,
+ TM_MOD,
+ TM_POW,
+ TM_UNM,
+ TM_LEN,
+ TM_LT,
+ TM_LE,
+ TM_CONCAT,
+ TM_CALL,
+ TM_N /* number of elements in the enum */
+} TMS;
+
+
+
+#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
+ ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+
+#define fasttm(l,et,e) gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+
+LUAI_DATA const char *const luaT_typenames[];
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lua.c
@@ -1,0 +1,390 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lua.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Lua stand-alone interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lua_c
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+static lua_State *globalL = NULL;
+
+static const char *progname = LUA_PROGNAME;
+
+
+
+static void lstop (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {+ (void)ar; /* unused arg. */
+ lua_sethook(L, NULL, 0, 0);
+ luaL_error(L, "interrupted!");
+}
+
+
+static void laction (int i) {+ signal(i, SIG_DFL); /* if another SIGINT happens before lstop,
+ terminate process (default action) */
+ lua_sethook(globalL, lstop, LUA_MASKCALL | LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKCOUNT, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void print_usage (void) {+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "usage: %s [options] [script [args]].\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " -e stat execute string " LUA_QL("stat") "\n"+ " -l name require library " LUA_QL("name") "\n"+ " -i enter interactive mode after executing " LUA_QL("script") "\n"+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n"
+ " - execute stdin and stop handling options\n"
+ ,
+ progname);
+ fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+
+static void l_message (const char *pname, const char *msg) {+ if (pname) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", pname);
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+ fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+
+static int report (lua_State *L, int status) {+ if (status && !lua_isnil(L, -1)) {+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error object is not a string)";
+ l_message(progname, msg);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static int traceback (lua_State *L) {+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "debug");
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) {+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "traceback");
+ if (!lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* pass error message */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 2); /* skip this function and traceback */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1); /* call debug.traceback */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int docall (lua_State *L, int narg, int clear) {+ int status;
+ int base = lua_gettop(L) - narg; /* function index */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, traceback); /* push traceback function */
+ lua_insert(L, base); /* put it under chunk and args */
+ signal(SIGINT, laction);
+ status = lua_pcall(L, narg, (clear ? 0 : LUA_MULTRET), base);
+ signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
+ lua_remove(L, base); /* remove traceback function */
+ /* force a complete garbage collection in case of errors */
+ if (status != 0) lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOLLECT, 0);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void print_version (void) {+ l_message(NULL, LUA_RELEASE " " LUA_COPYRIGHT);
+}
+
+
+static int getargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {+ int narg;
+ int i;
+ int argc = 0;
+ while (argv[argc]) argc++; /* count total number of arguments */
+ narg = argc - (n + 1); /* number of arguments to the script */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, narg + 3, "too many arguments to script");
+ for (i=n+1; i < argc; i++)
+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_createtable(L, narg, n + 1);
+ for (i=0; i < argc; i++) {+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i - n);
+ }
+ return narg;
+}
+
+
+static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) {+ int status = luaL_loadfile(L, name) || docall(L, 0, 1);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {+ int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name) || docall(L, 0, 1);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, const char *name) {+ lua_getglobal(L, "require");
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ return report(L, lua_pcall(L, 1, 0, 0));
+}
+
+
+static const char *get_prompt (lua_State *L, int firstline) {+ const char *p;
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, firstline ? "_PROMPT" : "_PROMPT2");
+ p = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (p == NULL) p = (firstline ? LUA_PROMPT : LUA_PROMPT2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove global */
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) {+ if (status == LUA_ERRSYNTAX) {+ size_t lmsg;
+ const char *msg = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &lmsg);
+ const char *tp = msg + lmsg - (sizeof(LUA_QL("<eof>")) - 1);+ if (strstr(msg, LUA_QL("<eof>")) == tp) {+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* else... */
+}
+
+
+static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {+ char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT];
+ char *b = buffer;
+ size_t l;
+ const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline);
+ if (lua_readline(L, b, prmt) == 0)
+ return 0; /* no input */
+ l = strlen(b);
+ if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n') /* line ends with newline? */
+ b[l-1] = '\0'; /* remove it */
+ if (firstline && b[0] == '=') /* first line starts with `=' ? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b+1); /* change it to `return' */
+ else
+ lua_pushstring(L, b);
+ lua_freeline(L, b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int loadline (lua_State *L) {+ int status;
+ lua_settop(L, 0);
+ if (!pushline(L, 1))
+ return -1; /* no input */
+ for (;;) { /* repeat until gets a complete line */+ status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, lua_tostring(L, 1), lua_strlen(L, 1), "=stdin");
+ if (!incomplete(L, status)) break; /* cannot try to add lines? */
+ if (!pushline(L, 0)) /* no more input? */
+ return -1;
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n"); /* add a new line... */
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* ...between the two lines */
+ lua_concat(L, 3); /* join them */
+ }
+ lua_saveline(L, 1);
+ lua_remove(L, 1); /* remove line */
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void dotty (lua_State *L) {+ int status;
+ const char *oldprogname = progname;
+ progname = NULL;
+ while ((status = loadline(L)) != -1) {+ if (status == 0) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+ report(L, status);
+ if (status == 0 && lua_gettop(L) > 0) { /* any result to print? */+ lua_getglobal(L, "print");
+ lua_insert(L, 1);
+ if (lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L)-1, 0, 0) != 0)
+ l_message(progname, lua_pushfstring(L,
+ "error calling " LUA_QL("print") " (%s)",+ lua_tostring(L, -1)));
+ }
+ }
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* clear stack */
+ fputs("\n", stdout);+ fflush(stdout);
+ progname = oldprogname;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {+ int status;
+ const char *fname;
+ int narg = getargs(L, argv, n); /* collect arguments */
+ lua_setglobal(L, "arg");
+ fname = argv[n];
+ if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[n-1], "--") != 0)
+ fname = NULL; /* stdin */
+ status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname);
+ lua_insert(L, -(narg+1));
+ if (status == 0)
+ status = docall(L, narg, 0);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, narg);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/* check that argument has no extra characters at the end */
+#define notail(x) {if ((x)[2] != '\0') return -1;}+
+
+static int collectargs (char **argv, int *pi, int *pv, int *pe) {+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {+ if (argv[i][0] != '-') /* not an option? */
+ return i;
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */+ case '-':
+ notail(argv[i]);
+ return (argv[i+1] != NULL ? i+1 : 0);
+ case '\0':
+ return i;
+ case 'i':
+ notail(argv[i]);
+ *pi = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'v':
+ notail(argv[i]);
+ *pv = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'e':
+ *pe = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'l':
+ if (argv[i][2] == '\0') {+ i++;
+ if (argv[i] == NULL) return -1;
+ }
+ break;
+ default: return -1; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {+ if (argv[i] == NULL) continue;
+ lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-');
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */+ case 'e': {+ const char *chunk = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*chunk == '\0') chunk = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(chunk != NULL);
+ if (dostring(L, chunk, "=(command line)") != 0)
+ return 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {+ const char *filename = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*filename == '\0') filename = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(filename != NULL);
+ if (dolibrary(L, filename))
+ return 1; /* stop if file fails */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {+ const char *init = getenv(LUA_INIT);
+ if (init == NULL) return 0; /* status OK */
+ else if (init[0] == '@')
+ return dofile(L, init+1);
+ else
+ return dostring(L, init, "=" LUA_INIT);
+}
+
+
+struct Smain {+ int argc;
+ char **argv;
+ int status;
+};
+
+
+static int pmain (lua_State *L) {+ struct Smain *s = (struct Smain *)lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+ char **argv = s->argv;
+ int script;
+ int has_i = 0, has_v = 0, has_e = 0;
+ globalL = L;
+ if (argv[0] && argv[0][0]) progname = argv[0];
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCSTOP, 0); /* stop collector during initialization */
+ luaL_openlibs(L); /* open libraries */
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCRESTART, 0);
+ s->status = handle_luainit(L);
+ if (s->status != 0) return 0;
+ script = collectargs(argv, &has_i, &has_v, &has_e);
+ if (script < 0) { /* invalid args? */+ print_usage();
+ s->status = 1;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (has_v) print_version();
+ s->status = runargs(L, argv, (script > 0) ? script : s->argc);
+ if (s->status != 0) return 0;
+ if (script)
+ s->status = handle_script(L, argv, script);
+ if (s->status != 0) return 0;
+ if (has_i)
+ dotty(L);
+ else if (script == 0 && !has_e && !has_v) {+ if (lua_stdin_is_tty()) {+ print_version();
+ dotty(L);
+ }
+ else dofile(L, NULL); /* executes stdin as a file */
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {+ int status;
+ struct Smain s;
+ lua_State *L = lua_open(); /* create state */
+ if (L == NULL) {+ l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
+ s.argc = argc;
+ s.argv = argv;
+ status = lua_cpcall(L, &pmain, &s);
+ report(L, status);
+ lua_close(L);
+ return (status || s.status) ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lua.h
@@ -1,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lua.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:41 rrt Exp $
+** Lua - An Extensible Extension Language
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)
+** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lua_h
+#define lua_h
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+
+#define LUA_VERSION "Lua 5.1"
+#define LUA_RELEASE "Lua 5.1.1"
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM 501
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT "Copyright (C) 1994-2006 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
+#define LUA_AUTHORS "R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo & W. Celes"
+
+
+/* mark for precompiled code (`<esc>Lua') */
+#define LUA_SIGNATURE "\033Lua"
+
+/* option for multiple returns in `lua_pcall' and `lua_call' */
+#define LUA_MULTRET (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** pseudo-indices
+*/
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX (-10000)
+#define LUA_ENVIRONINDEX (-10001)
+#define LUA_GLOBALSINDEX (-10002)
+#define lua_upvalueindex(i) (LUA_GLOBALSINDEX-(i))
+
+
+/* thread status; 0 is OK */
+#define LUA_YIELD 1
+#define LUA_ERRRUN 2
+#define LUA_ERRSYNTAX 3
+#define LUA_ERRMEM 4
+#define LUA_ERRERR 5
+
+
+typedef struct lua_State lua_State;
+
+typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
+*/
+typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
+
+typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void* p, size_t sz, void* ud);
+
+
+/*
+** prototype for memory-allocation functions
+*/
+typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+
+
+/*
+** basic types
+*/
+#define LUA_TNONE (-1)
+
+#define LUA_TNIL 0
+#define LUA_TBOOLEAN 1
+#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA 2
+#define LUA_TNUMBER 3
+#define LUA_TSTRING 4
+#define LUA_TTABLE 5
+#define LUA_TFUNCTION 6
+#define LUA_TUSERDATA 7
+#define LUA_TTHREAD 8
+
+
+
+/* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */
+#define LUA_MINSTACK 20
+
+
+/*
+** generic extra include file
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USER_H)
+#include LUA_USER_H
+#endif
+
+
+/* type of numbers in Lua */
+typedef LUA_NUMBER lua_Number;
+
+
+/* type for integer functions */
+typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer;
+
+
+
+/*
+** state manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void (lua_close) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_remove) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_insert) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_replace) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+LUA_API int (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_equal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawequal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+LUA_API int (lua_lessthan) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+
+LUA_API lua_Number (lua_tonumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_Integer (lua_tointeger) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUA_API size_t (lua_objlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const void *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushcclosure) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushboolean) (lua_State *L, int b);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushlightuserdata) (lua_State *L, void *p);
+LUA_API int (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
+LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdata) (lua_State *L, size_t sz);
+LUA_API int (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API void (lua_getfenv) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API int (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API int (lua_setfenv) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** `load' and `call' functions (load and run Lua code)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_call) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);
+LUA_API int (lua_pcall) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc);
+LUA_API int (lua_cpcall) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud);
+LUA_API int (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt,
+ const char *chunkname);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);
+
+
+/*
+** coroutine functions
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_yield) (lua_State *L, int nresults);
+LUA_API int (lua_resume) (lua_State *L, int narg);
+LUA_API int (lua_status) (lua_State *L);
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection function and options
+*/
+
+#define LUA_GCSTOP 0
+#define LUA_GCRESTART 1
+#define LUA_GCCOLLECT 2
+#define LUA_GCCOUNT 3
+#define LUA_GCCOUNTB 4
+#define LUA_GCSTEP 5
+#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE 6
+#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL 7
+
+LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, int data);
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+LUA_API int (lua_error) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+
+
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define lua_pop(L,n) lua_settop(L, -(n)-1)
+
+#define lua_newtable(L) lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)
+
+#define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n)))
+
+#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0)
+
+#define lua_strlen(L,i) lua_objlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_isfunction(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define lua_istable(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTABLE)
+#define lua_islightuserdata(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define lua_isnil(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define lua_isboolean(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define lua_isthread(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTHREAD)
+#define lua_isnone(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE)
+#define lua_isnoneornil(L, n) (lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0)
+
+#define lua_pushliteral(L, s) \
+ lua_pushlstring(L, "" s, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1)
+
+#define lua_setglobal(L,s) lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, (s))
+#define lua_getglobal(L,s) lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, (s))
+
+#define lua_tostring(L,i) lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL)
+
+
+
+/*
+** compatibility macros and functions
+*/
+
+#define lua_open() luaL_newstate()
+
+#define lua_getregistry(L) lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+
+#define lua_getgccount(L) lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNT, 0)
+
+#define lua_Chunkreader lua_Reader
+#define lua_Chunkwriter lua_Writer
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================+** Debug API
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Event codes
+*/
+#define LUA_HOOKCALL 0
+#define LUA_HOOKRET 1
+#define LUA_HOOKLINE 2
+#define LUA_HOOKCOUNT 3
+#define LUA_HOOKTAILRET 4
+
+
+/*
+** Event masks
+*/
+#define LUA_MASKCALL (1 << LUA_HOOKCALL)
+#define LUA_MASKRET (1 << LUA_HOOKRET)
+#define LUA_MASKLINE (1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)
+#define LUA_MASKCOUNT (1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)
+
+typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug; /* activation record */
+
+
+/* Functions to be called by the debuger in specific events */
+typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+
+LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);
+
+
+struct lua_Debug {+ int event;
+ const char *name; /* (n) */
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) `global', `local', `field', `method' */
+ const char *what; /* (S) `Lua', `C', `main', `tail' */
+ const char *source; /* (S) */
+ int currentline; /* (l) */
+ int nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+ /* private part */
+ int i_ci; /* active function */
+};
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2006 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. All rights reserved.
+*
+* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+* the following conditions:
+*
+* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+*
+* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/luac.c
@@ -1,0 +1,200 @@
+/*
+** $Id: luac.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** Lua compiler (saves bytecodes to files; also list bytecodes)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+#define PROGNAME "luac" /* default program name */
+#define OUTPUT PROGNAME ".out" /* default output file */
+
+static int listing=0; /* list bytecodes? */
+static int dumping=1; /* dump bytecodes? */
+static int stripping=0; /* strip debug information? */
+static char Output[]={ OUTPUT }; /* default output file name */+static const char* output=Output; /* actual output file name */
+static const char* progname=PROGNAME; /* actual program name */
+
+static void fatal(const char* message)
+{+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void cannot(const char* what)
+{+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot %s %s: %s\n",progname,what,output,strerror(errno));
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char* message)
+{+ if (*message=='-')
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: unrecognized option " LUA_QS "\n",progname,message);
+ else
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "usage: %s [options] [filenames].\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " - process stdin\n"
+ " -l list\n"
+ " -o name output to file " LUA_QL("name") " (default is \"%s\")\n"+ " -p parse only\n"
+ " -s strip debug information\n"
+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n",
+ progname,Output);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define IS(s) (strcmp(argv[i],s)==0)
+
+static int doargs(int argc, char* argv[])
+{+ int i;
+ int version=0;
+ if (argv[0]!=NULL && *argv[0]!=0) progname=argv[0];
+ for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
+ {+ if (*argv[i]!='-') /* end of options; keep it */
+ break;
+ else if (IS("--")) /* end of options; skip it */+ {+ ++i;
+ if (version) ++version;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (IS("-")) /* end of options; use stdin */+ break;
+ else if (IS("-l")) /* list */+ ++listing;
+ else if (IS("-o")) /* output file */+ {+ output=argv[++i];
+ if (output==NULL || *output==0) usage(LUA_QL("-o") " needs argument");+ if (IS("-")) output=NULL;+ }
+ else if (IS("-p")) /* parse only */+ dumping=0;
+ else if (IS("-s")) /* strip debug information */+ stripping=1;
+ else if (IS("-v")) /* show version */+ ++version;
+ else /* unknown option */
+ usage(argv[i]);
+ }
+ if (i==argc && (listing || !dumping))
+ {+ dumping=0;
+ argv[--i]=Output;
+ }
+ if (version)
+ {+ printf("%s %s\n",LUA_RELEASE,LUA_COPYRIGHT);+ if (version==argc-1) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+#define toproto(L,i) (clvalue(L->top+(i))->l.p)
+
+static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n)
+{+ if (n==1)
+ return toproto(L,-1);
+ else
+ {+ int i,pc;
+ Proto* f=luaF_newproto(L);
+ setptvalue2s(L,L->top,f); incr_top(L);
+ f->source=luaS_newliteral(L,"=(" PROGNAME ")");+ f->maxstacksize=1;
+ pc=2*n+1;
+ f->code=luaM_newvector(L,pc,Instruction);
+ f->sizecode=pc;
+ f->p=luaM_newvector(L,n,Proto*);
+ f->sizep=n;
+ pc=0;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1);
+ f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABx(OP_CLOSURE,0,i);
+ f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABC(OP_CALL,0,1,1);
+ }
+ f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABC(OP_RETURN,0,1,0);
+ return f;
+ }
+}
+
+static int writer(lua_State* L, const void* p, size_t size, void* u)
+{+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (fwrite(p,size,1,(FILE*)u)!=1) && (size!=0);
+}
+
+struct Smain {+ int argc;
+ char** argv;
+};
+
+static int pmain(lua_State* L)
+{+ struct Smain* s = (struct Smain*)lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+ int argc=s->argc;
+ char** argv=s->argv;
+ const Proto* f;
+ int i;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L,argc)) fatal("too many input files");+ for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
+ {+ const char* filename=IS("-") ? NULL : argv[i];+ if (luaL_loadfile(L,filename)!=0) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ }
+ f=combine(L,argc);
+ if (listing) luaU_print(f,listing>1);
+ if (dumping)
+ {+ FILE* D= (output==NULL) ? stdout : fopen(output,"wb");
+ if (D==NULL) cannot("open");+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaU_dump(L,f,writer,D,stripping);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ if (ferror(D)) cannot("write");+ if (fclose(D)) cannot("close");+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{+ lua_State* L;
+ struct Smain s;
+ int i=doargs(argc,argv);
+ argc-=i; argv+=i;
+ if (argc<=0) usage("no input files given");+ L=lua_open();
+ if (L==NULL) fatal("not enough memory for state");+ s.argc=argc;
+ s.argv=argv;
+ if (lua_cpcall(L,pmain,&s)!=0) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/luaconf.h
@@ -1,0 +1,762 @@
+/*
+** $Id: luaconf.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** Configuration file for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lconfig_h
+#define lconfig_h
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/*
+** ==================================================================
+** Search for "@@" to find all configurable definitions.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_ANSI controls the use of non-ansi features.
+** CHANGE it (define it) if you want Lua to avoid the use of any
+** non-ansi feature or library.
+*/
+#if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
+#define LUA_ANSI
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(_WIN32)
+#define LUA_WIN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN /* needs an extra library: -ldl */
+#define LUA_USE_READLINE /* needs some extra libraries */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_DL_DYLD /* does not need extra library */
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_USE_POSIX includes all functionallity listed as X/Open System
+@* Interfaces Extension (XSI).
+** CHANGE it (define it) if your system is XSI compatible.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#define LUA_USE_MKSTEMP
+#define LUA_USE_ISATTY
+#define LUA_USE_POPEN
+#define LUA_USE_ULONGJMP
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATH and LUA_CPATH are the names of the environment variables that
+@* Lua check to set its paths.
+@@ LUA_INIT is the name of the environment variable that Lua
+@* checks for initialization code.
+** CHANGE them if you want different names.
+*/
+#define LUA_PATH "LUA_PATH"
+#define LUA_CPATH "LUA_CPATH"
+#define LUA_INIT "LUA_INIT"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+@* Lua libraries.
+@@ LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+@* C libraries.
+** CHANGE them if your machine has a non-conventional directory
+** hierarchy or if you want to install your libraries in
+** non-conventional directories.
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+/*
+** In Windows, any exclamation mark ('!') in the path is replaced by the+** path of the directory of the executable file of the current process.
+*/
+#define LUA_LDIR "!\\lua\\"
+#define LUA_CDIR "!\\"
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \
+ ".\\?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua"
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+ ".\\?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll"
+
+#else
+#define LUA_ROOT "/usr/local/"
+#define LUA_LDIR LUA_ROOT "share/lua/5.1/"
+#define LUA_CDIR LUA_ROOT "lib/lua/5.1/"
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \
+ "./?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua"
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+ "./?.so;" LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_DIRSEP is the directory separator (for submodules).
+** CHANGE it if your machine does not use "/" as the directory separator
+** and is not Windows. (On Windows Lua automatically uses "\".)
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "\\"
+#else
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "/"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATHSEP is the character that separates templates in a path.
+@@ LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a
+@* template.
+@@ LUA_EXECDIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's
+@* directory.
+@@ LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when bulding the
+@* luaopen_ function name.
+** CHANGE them if for some reason your system cannot use those
+** characters. (E.g., if one of those characters is a common character
+** in file/directory names.) Probably you do not need to change them.
+*/
+#define LUA_PATHSEP ";"
+#define LUA_PATH_MARK "?"
+#define LUA_EXECDIR "!"
+#define LUA_IGMARK "-"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INTEGER is the integral type used by lua_pushinteger/lua_tointeger.
+** CHANGE that if ptrdiff_t is not adequate on your machine. (On most
+** machines, ptrdiff_t gives a good choice between int or long.)
+*/
+#define LUA_INTEGER ptrdiff_t
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_API is a mark for all core API functions.
+@@ LUALIB_API is a mark for all standard library functions.
+** CHANGE them if you need to define those functions in some special way.
+** For instance, if you want to create one Windows DLL with the core and
+** the libraries, you may want to use the following definition (define
+** LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL to get it).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL)
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB)
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+
+#else
+
+#define LUA_API extern
+
+#endif
+
+/* more often than not the libs go together with the core */
+#define LUALIB_API LUA_API
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
+@* exported to outside modules.
+@@ LUAI_DATA is a mark for all extern (const) variables that are not to
+@* be exported to outside modules.
+** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc
+** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access
+** when Lua is compiled as a shared library.
+*/
+#if defined(luaall_c)
+#define LUAI_FUNC static
+#define LUAI_DATA /* empty */
+
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
+ defined(__ELF__)
+#define LUAI_FUNC __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) extern+#define LUAI_DATA LUAI_FUNC
+
+#else
+#define LUAI_FUNC extern
+#define LUAI_DATA extern
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_QL describes how error messages quote program elements.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different appearance.
+*/
+#define LUA_QL(x) "'" x "'"
+#define LUA_QS LUA_QL("%s")+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_IDSIZE gives the maximum size for the description of the source
+@* of a function in debug information.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different size.
+*/
+#define LUA_IDSIZE 60
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================+** Stand-alone configuration
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#if defined(lua_c) || defined(luaall_c)
+
+/*
+@@ lua_stdin_is_tty detects whether the standard input is a 'tty' (that
+@* is, whether we're running lua interactively).
+** CHANGE it if you have a better definition for non-POSIX/non-Windows
+** systems.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_ISATTY)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() isatty(0)
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN)
+#include <io.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() _isatty(_fileno(stdin))
+#else
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() 1 /* assume stdin is a tty */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PROMPT is the default prompt used by stand-alone Lua.
+@@ LUA_PROMPT2 is the default continuation prompt used by stand-alone Lua.
+** CHANGE them if you want different prompts. (You can also change the
+** prompts dynamically, assigning to globals _PROMPT/_PROMPT2.)
+*/
+#define LUA_PROMPT "> "
+#define LUA_PROMPT2 ">> "
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PROGNAME is the default name for the stand-alone Lua program.
+** CHANGE it if your stand-alone interpreter has a different name and
+** your system is not able to detect that name automatically.
+*/
+#define LUA_PROGNAME "lua"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_MAXINPUT is the maximum length for an input line in the
+@* stand-alone interpreter.
+** CHANGE it if you need longer lines.
+*/
+#define LUA_MAXINPUT 512
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
+@* the standard input.
+@@ lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+@@ lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
+** CHANGE them if you want to improve this functionality (e.g., by using
+** GNU readline and history facilities).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE)
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) ((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL)
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) \
+ if (lua_strlen(L,idx) > 0) /* non-empty line? */ \
+ add_history(lua_tostring(L, idx)); /* add it to history */
+#define lua_freeline(L,b) ((void)L, free(b))
+#else
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \
+ ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout), /* show prompt */ \
+ fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL) /* get line */
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) { (void)L; (void)idx; }+#define lua_freeline(L,b) { (void)L; (void)b; }+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_GCPAUSE defines the default pause between garbage-collector cycles
+@* as a percentage.
+** CHANGE it if you want the GC to run faster or slower (higher values
+** mean larger pauses which mean slower collection.) You can also change
+** this value dynamically.
+*/
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE 200 /* 200% (wait memory to double before next GC) */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_GCMUL defines the default speed of garbage collection relative to
+@* memory allocation as a percentage.
+** CHANGE it if you want to change the granularity of the garbage
+** collection. (Higher values mean coarser collections. 0 represents
+** infinity, where each step performs a full collection.) You can also
+** change this value dynamically.
+*/
+#define LUAI_GCMUL 200 /* GC runs 'twice the speed' of memory allocation */
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_GETN controls compatibility with old getn behavior.
+** CHANGE it (define it) if you want exact compatibility with the
+** behavior of setn/getn in Lua 5.0.
+*/
+#undef LUA_COMPAT_GETN
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB controls compatibility about global loadlib.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you do not need a global 'loadlib'
+** function (the function is still available as 'package.loadlib').
+*/
+#undef LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_VARARG controls compatibility with old vararg feature.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as your programs use only '...' to
+** access vararg parameters (instead of the old 'arg' table).
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_VARARG
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MOD controls compatibility with old math.mod function.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as your programs use 'math.fmod' or
+** the new '%' operator instead of 'math.mod'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MOD
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LSTR controls compatibility with old long string nesting
+@* facility.
+** CHANGE it to 2 if you want the old behaviour, or undefine it to turn
+** off the advisory error when nesting [[...]].
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LSTR 1
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_GFIND controls compatibility with old 'string.gfind' name.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you rename 'string.gfind' to
+** 'string.gmatch'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_GFIND
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB controls compatibility with old 'luaL_openlib'
+@* behavior.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you replace to 'luaL_registry'
+** your uses of 'luaL_openlib'
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ luai_apicheck is the assert macro used by the Lua-C API.
+** CHANGE luai_apicheck if you want Lua to perform some checks in the
+** parameters it gets from API calls. This may slow down the interpreter
+** a bit, but may be quite useful when debugging C code that interfaces
+** with Lua. A useful redefinition is to use assert.h.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define luai_apicheck(L,o) { (void)L; assert(o); }+#else
+#define luai_apicheck(L,o) { (void)L; }+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_BITSINT defines the number of bits in an int.
+** CHANGE here if Lua cannot automatically detect the number of bits of
+** your machine. Probably you do not need to change this.
+*/
+/* avoid overflows in comparison */
+#if INT_MAX-20 < 32760
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 16
+#elif INT_MAX > 2147483640L
+/* int has at least 32 bits */
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 32
+#else
+#error "you must define LUA_BITSINT with number of bits in an integer"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_UINT32 is an unsigned integer with at least 32 bits.
+@@ LUAI_INT32 is an signed integer with at least 32 bits.
+@@ LUAI_UMEM is an unsigned integer big enough to count the total
+@* memory used by Lua.
+@@ LUAI_MEM is a signed integer big enough to count the total memory
+@* used by Lua.
+** CHANGE here if for some weird reason the default definitions are not
+** good enough for your machine. (The definitions in the 'else'
+** part always works, but may waste space on machines with 64-bit
+** longs.) Probably you do not need to change this.
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32
+#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned int
+#define LUAI_INT32 int
+#define LUAI_MAXINT32 INT_MAX
+#define LUAI_UMEM size_t
+#define LUAI_MEM ptrdiff_t
+#else
+/* 16-bit ints */
+#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned long
+#define LUAI_INT32 long
+#define LUAI_MAXINT32 LONG_MAX
+#define LUAI_UMEM unsigned long
+#define LUAI_MEM long
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXCALLS limits the number of nested calls.
+** CHANGE it if you need really deep recursive calls. This limit is
+** arbitrary; its only purpose is to stop infinite recursion before
+** exhausting memory.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXCALLS 20000
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXCSTACK limits the number of Lua stack slots that a C function
+@* can use.
+** CHANGE it if you need lots of (Lua) stack space for your C
+** functions. This limit is arbitrary; its only purpose is to stop C
+** functions to consume unlimited stack space.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXCSTACK 2048
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================+** CHANGE (to smaller values) the following definitions if your system
+** has a small C stack. (Or you may want to change them to larger
+** values if your system has a large C stack and these limits are
+** too rigid for you.) Some of these constants control the size of
+** stack-allocated arrays used by the compiler or the interpreter, while
+** others limit the maximum number of recursive calls that the compiler
+** or the interpreter can perform. Values too large may cause a C stack
+** overflow for some forms of deep constructs.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXCCALLS is the maximum depth for nested C calls (short) and
+@* syntactical nested non-terminals in a program.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS 200
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXVARS is the maximum number of local variables per function
+@* (must be smaller than 250).
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXVARS 200
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXUPVALUES is the maximum number of upvalues per function
+@* (must be smaller than 250).
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXUPVALUES 60
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAL_BUFFERSIZE is the buffer size used by the lauxlib buffer system.
+*/
+#define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE BUFSIZ
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================+@@ LUA_NUMBER is the type of numbers in Lua.
+** CHANGE the following definitions only if you want to build Lua
+** with a number type different from double. You may also need to
+** change lua_number2int & lua_number2integer.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE
+#define LUA_NUMBER double
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_UACNUMBER is the result of an 'usual argument conversion'
+@* over a number.
+*/
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER double
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_SCAN is the format for reading numbers.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing numbers.
+@@ lua_number2str converts a number to a string.
+@@ LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR is maximum size of previous conversion.
+@@ lua_str2number converts a string to a number.
+*/
+#define LUA_NUMBER_SCAN "%lf"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT "%.14g"
+#define lua_number2str(s,n) sprintf((s), LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (n))
+#define LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR 32 /* 16 digits, sign, point, and \0 */
+#define lua_str2number(s,p) strtod((s), (p))
+
+
+/*
+@@ The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_CORE)
+#include <math.h>
+#define luai_numadd(a,b) ((a)+(b))
+#define luai_numsub(a,b) ((a)-(b))
+#define luai_nummul(a,b) ((a)*(b))
+#define luai_numdiv(a,b) ((a)/(b))
+#define luai_nummod(a,b) ((a) - floor((a)/(b))*(b))
+#define luai_numpow(a,b) (pow(a,b))
+#define luai_numunm(a) (-(a))
+#define luai_numeq(a,b) ((a)==(b))
+#define luai_numlt(a,b) ((a)<(b))
+#define luai_numle(a,b) ((a)<=(b))
+#define luai_numisnan(a) (!luai_numeq((a), (a)))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_number2int is a macro to convert lua_Number to int.
+@@ lua_number2integer is a macro to convert lua_Number to lua_Integer.
+** CHANGE them if you know a faster way to convert a lua_Number to
+** int (with any rounding method and without throwing errors) in your
+** system. In Pentium machines, a naive typecast from double to int
+** in C is extremely slow, so any alternative is worth trying.
+*/
+
+/* On a Pentium, resort to a trick */
+#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) && !defined(LUA_ANSI) && !defined(__SSE2__) && \
+ (defined(__i386) || defined (_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__))
+
+/* On a Microsoft compiler, use assembler */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+#define lua_number2int(i,d) __asm fld d __asm fistp i
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n)
+
+/* the next trick should work on any Pentium, but sometimes clashes
+ with a DirectX idiosyncrasy */
+#else
+
+union luai_Cast { double l_d; long l_l; };+#define lua_number2int(i,d) \
+ { volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (d) + 6755399441055744.0; (i) = u.l_l; }+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n)
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* this option always works, but may be slow */
+#else
+#define lua_number2int(i,d) ((i)=(int)(d))
+#define lua_number2integer(i,d) ((i)=(lua_Integer)(d))
+
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T is a type that requires maximum alignment.
+** CHANGE it if your system requires alignments larger than double. (For
+** instance, if your system supports long doubles and they must be
+** aligned in 16-byte boundaries, then you should add long double in the
+** union.) Probably you do not need to change this.
+*/
+#define LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T union { double u; void *s; long l; }+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling.
+** CHANGE them if you prefer to use longjmp/setjmp even with C++
+** or if want/don't to use _longjmp/_setjmp instead of regular
+** longjmp/setjmp. By default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when
+** compiling as C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them,
+** and with longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
+*/
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+/* C++ exceptions */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) throw(c)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) try { a } catch(...) \+ { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }+#define luai_jmpbuf int /* dummy variable */
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_ULONGJMP)
+/* in Unix, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) _longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#else
+/* default handling with long jumps */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_MAXCAPTURES is the maximum number of captures that a pattern
+@* can do during pattern-matching.
+** CHANGE it if you need more captures. This limit is arbitrary.
+*/
+#define LUA_MAXCAPTURES 32
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_tmpnam is the function that the OS library uses to create a
+@* temporary name.
+@@ LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE is the maximum size of a name created by lua_tmpnam.
+** CHANGE them if you have an alternative to tmpnam (which is considered
+** insecure) or if you want the original tmpnam anyway. By default, Lua
+** uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where it uses mkstemp.
+*/
+#if defined(loslib_c) || defined(luaall_c)
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MKSTEMP)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE 32
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \+ strcpy(b, "/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"); \
+ e = mkstemp(b); \
+ if (e != -1) close(e); \
+ e = (e == -1); }
+
+#else
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE L_tmpnam
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_popen spawns a new process connected to the current one through
+@* the file streams.
+** CHANGE it if you have a way to implement it in your system.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POPEN)
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, popen(c,m))
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, (pclose(file) != -1))
+
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN)
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, _popen(c,m))
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, (_pclose(file) != -1))
+
+#else
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)((void)c, m), \
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("popen") " not supported"), (FILE*)0)+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)((void)L, file), 0)
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_DL_* define which dynamic-library system Lua should use.
+** CHANGE here if Lua has problems choosing the appropriate
+** dynamic-library system for your platform (either Windows' DLL, Mac's
+** dyld, or Unix's dlopen). If your system is some kind of Unix, there
+** is a good chance that it has dlopen, so LUA_DL_DLOPEN will work for
+** it. To use dlopen you also need to adapt the src/Makefile (probably
+** adding -ldl to the linker options), so Lua does not select it
+** automatically. (When you change the makefile to add -ldl, you must
+** also add -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN.)
+** If you do not want any kind of dynamic library, undefine all these
+** options.
+** By default, _WIN32 gets LUA_DL_DLL and MAC OS X gets LUA_DL_DYLD.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)
+#define LUA_DL_DLOPEN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_WIN)
+#define LUA_DL_DLL
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_EXTRASPACE allows you to add user-specific data in a lua_State
+@* (the data goes just *before* the lua_State pointer).
+** CHANGE (define) this if you really need that. This value must be
+** a multiple of the maximum alignment required for your machine.
+*/
+#define LUAI_EXTRASPACE 0
+
+
+/*
+@@ luai_userstate* allow user-specific actions on threads.
+** CHANGE them if you defined LUAI_EXTRASPACE and need to do something
+** extra when a thread is created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
+*/
+#define luai_userstateopen(L) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstateresume(L,n) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstateyield(L,n) ((void)L)
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INTFRMLEN is the length modifier for integer conversions
+@* in 'string.format'.
+@@ LUA_INTFRM_T is the integer type correspoding to the previous length
+@* modifier.
+** CHANGE them if your system supports long long or does not support long.
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_USELONGLONG)
+
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "ll"
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long long
+
+#else
+
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "l"
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* =================================================================== */
+
+/*
+** Local configuration. You can use this space to add your redefinitions
+** without modifying the main part of the file.
+*/
+
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lualib.h
@@ -1,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** Lua standard libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lualib_h
+#define lualib_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* Key to file-handle type */
+#define LUA_FILEHANDLE "FILE*"
+
+
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME "coroutine"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME "table"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME "io"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME "os"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME "string"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME "math"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME "debug"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME "package"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/* open all previous libraries */
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+
+#ifndef lua_assert
+#define lua_assert(x) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lundump.c
@@ -1,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lundump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+typedef struct {+ lua_State* L;
+ ZIO* Z;
+ Mbuffer* b;
+ const char* name;
+} LoadState;
+
+#ifdef LUAC_TRUST_BINARIES
+#define IF(c,s)
+#else
+#define IF(c,s) if (c) error(S,s)
+
+static void error(LoadState* S, const char* why)
+{+ luaO_pushfstring(S->L,"%s: %s in precompiled chunk",S->name,why);
+ luaD_throw(S->L,LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+#endif
+
+#define LoadMem(S,b,n,size) LoadBlock(S,b,(n)*(size))
+#define LoadByte(S) (lu_byte)LoadChar(S)
+#define LoadVar(S,x) LoadMem(S,&x,1,sizeof(x))
+#define LoadVector(S,b,n,size) LoadMem(S,b,n,size)
+
+static void LoadBlock(LoadState* S, void* b, size_t size)
+{+ size_t r=luaZ_read(S->Z,b,size);
+ IF (r!=0, "unexpected end");
+}
+
+static int LoadChar(LoadState* S)
+{+ char x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static int LoadInt(LoadState* S)
+{+ int x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ IF (x<0, "bad integer");
+ return x;
+}
+
+static lua_Number LoadNumber(LoadState* S)
+{+ lua_Number x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static TString* LoadString(LoadState* S)
+{+ size_t size;
+ LoadVar(S,size);
+ if (size==0)
+ return NULL;
+ else
+ {+ char* s=luaZ_openspace(S->L,S->b,size);
+ LoadBlock(S,s,size);
+ return luaS_newlstr(S->L,s,size-1); /* remove trailing '\0' */
+ }
+}
+
+static void LoadCode(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{+ int n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->code=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Instruction);
+ f->sizecode=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->code,n,sizeof(Instruction));
+}
+
+static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S, TString* p);
+
+static void LoadConstants(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->k=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TValue);
+ f->sizek=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ int t=LoadChar(S);
+ switch (t)
+ {+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ setbvalue(o,LoadChar(S));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ setnvalue(o,LoadNumber(S));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ setsvalue2n(S->L,o,LoadString(S));
+ break;
+ default:
+ IF (1, "bad constant");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->p=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Proto*);
+ f->sizep=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=LoadFunction(S,f->source);
+}
+
+static void LoadDebug(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lineinfo=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,int);
+ f->sizelineinfo=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int));
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->locvars[i].varname=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ f->locvars[i].varname=LoadString(S);
+ f->locvars[i].startpc=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars[i].endpc=LoadInt(S);
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->upvalues=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TString*);
+ f->sizeupvalues=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i]=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i]=LoadString(S);
+}
+
+static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S, TString* p)
+{+ Proto* f=luaF_newproto(S->L);
+ setptvalue2s(S->L,S->L->top,f); incr_top(S->L);
+ f->source=LoadString(S); if (f->source==NULL) f->source=p;
+ f->linedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lastlinedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->nups=LoadByte(S);
+ f->numparams=LoadByte(S);
+ f->is_vararg=LoadByte(S);
+ f->maxstacksize=LoadByte(S);
+ LoadCode(S,f);
+ LoadConstants(S,f);
+ LoadDebug(S,f);
+ IF (!luaG_checkcode(f), "bad code");
+ S->L->top--;
+ return f;
+}
+
+static void LoadHeader(LoadState* S)
+{+ char h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ char s[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ LoadBlock(S,s,LUAC_HEADERSIZE);
+ IF (memcmp(h,s,LUAC_HEADERSIZE)!=0, "bad header");
+}
+
+/*
+** load precompiled chunk
+*/
+Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name)
+{+ LoadState S;
+ if (*name=='@' || *name=='=')
+ S.name=name+1;
+ else if (*name==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ S.name="binary string";
+ else
+ S.name=name;
+ S.L=L;
+ S.Z=Z;
+ S.b=buff;
+ LoadHeader(&S);
+ return LoadFunction(&S,luaS_newliteral(L,"=?"));
+}
+
+/*
+* make header
+*/
+void luaU_header (char* h)
+{+ int x=1;
+ memcpy(h,LUA_SIGNATURE,sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-1);
+ h+=sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-1;
+ *h++=(char)LUAC_VERSION;
+ *h++=(char)LUAC_FORMAT;
+ *h++=(char)*(char*)&x; /* endianness */
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(int);
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(size_t);
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(Instruction);
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(lua_Number);
+ *h++=(char)(((lua_Number)0.5)==0); /* is lua_Number integral? */
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lundump.h
@@ -1,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lundump_h
+#define lundump_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name);
+
+/* make header; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC void luaU_header (char* h);
+
+/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip);
+
+#ifdef luac_c
+/* print one chunk; from print.c */
+LUAI_FUNC void luaU_print (const Proto* f, int full);
+#endif
+
+/* for header of binary files -- this is Lua 5.1 */
+#define LUAC_VERSION 0x51
+
+/* for header of binary files -- this is the official format */
+#define LUAC_FORMAT 0
+
+/* size of header of binary files */
+#define LUAC_HEADERSIZE 12
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lvm.c
@@ -1,0 +1,763 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lvm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid loops) */
+#define MAXTAGLOOP 100
+
+
+const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n) {+ lua_Number num;
+ if (ttisnumber(obj)) return obj;
+ if (ttisstring(obj) && luaO_str2d(svalue(obj), &num)) {+ setnvalue(n, num);
+ return n;
+ }
+ else
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj) {+ if (!ttisnumber(obj))
+ return 0;
+ else {+ char s[LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR];
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(obj);
+ lua_number2str(s, n);
+ setsvalue2s(L, obj, luaS_new(L, s));
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) {+ lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
+ const Instruction *oldpc = L->savedpc;
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ if (mask > LUA_MASKLINE) { /* instruction-hook set? */+ if (L->hookcount == 0) {+ resethookcount(L);
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1);
+ }
+ }
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) {+ Proto *p = ci_func(L->ci)->l.p;
+ int npc = pcRel(pc, p);
+ int newline = getline(p, npc);
+ /* call linehook when enter a new function, when jump back (loop),
+ or when enter a new line */
+ if (npc == 0 || pc <= oldpc || newline != getline(p, pcRel(oldpc, p)))
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void callTMres (lua_State *L, StkId res, const TValue *f,
+ const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {+ ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, res);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, f); /* push function */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+1, p1); /* 1st argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+2, p2); /* 2nd argument */
+ luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
+ L->top += 3;
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 3, 1);
+ res = restorestack(L, result);
+ L->top--;
+ setobjs2s(L, res, L->top);
+}
+
+
+
+static void callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3) {+ setobj2s(L, L->top, f); /* push function */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+1, p1); /* 1st argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+2, p2); /* 2nd argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+3, p3); /* 3th argument */
+ luaD_checkstack(L, 4);
+ L->top += 4;
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 4, 0);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ const TValue *res = luaH_get(h, key); /* do a primitive get */
+ if (!ttisnil(res) || /* result is no nil? */
+ (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_INDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */+ setobj2s(L, val, res);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the tag method */
+ }
+ else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {+ callTMres(L, val, tm, t, key);
+ return;
+ }
+ t = tm; /* else repeat with `tm' */
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in gettable");
+}
+
+
+void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ TValue *oldval = luaH_set(L, h, key); /* do a primitive set */
+ if (!ttisnil(oldval) || /* result is no nil? */
+ (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */+ setobj2t(L, oldval, val);
+ luaC_barriert(L, h, val);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the tag method */
+ }
+ else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {+ callTM(L, tm, t, key, val);
+ return;
+ }
+ t = tm; /* else repeat with `tm' */
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in settable");
+}
+
+
+static int call_binTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ StkId res, TMS event) {+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event); /* try first operand */
+ if (ttisnil(tm))
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event); /* try second operand */
+ if (!ttisfunction(tm)) return 0;
+ callTMres(L, res, tm, p1, p2);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const TValue *get_compTM (lua_State *L, Table *mt1, Table *mt2,
+ TMS event) {+ const TValue *tm1 = fasttm(L, mt1, event);
+ const TValue *tm2;
+ if (tm1 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (mt1 == mt2) return tm1; /* same metatables => same metamethods */
+ tm2 = fasttm(L, mt2, event);
+ if (tm2 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (luaO_rawequalObj(tm1, tm2)) /* same metamethods? */
+ return tm1;
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int call_orderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ TMS event) {+ const TValue *tm1 = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event);
+ const TValue *tm2;
+ if (ttisnil(tm1)) return -1; /* no metamethod? */
+ tm2 = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event);
+ if (!luaO_rawequalObj(tm1, tm2)) /* different metamethods? */
+ return -1;
+ callTMres(L, L->top, tm1, p1, p2);
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {+ const char *l = getstr(ls);
+ size_t ll = ls->tsv.len;
+ const char *r = getstr(rs);
+ size_t lr = rs->tsv.len;
+ for (;;) {+ int temp = strcoll(l, r);
+ if (temp != 0) return temp;
+ else { /* strings are equal up to a `\0' */+ size_t len = strlen(l); /* index of first `\0' in both strings */
+ if (len == lr) /* r is finished? */
+ return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1;
+ else if (len == ll) /* l is finished? */
+ return -1; /* l is smaller than r (because r is not finished) */
+ /* both strings longer than `len'; go on comparing (after the `\0') */
+ len++;
+ l += len; ll -= len; r += len; lr -= len;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {+ int res;
+ if (ttype(l) != ttype(r))
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ else if (ttisnumber(l))
+ return luai_numlt(nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) < 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT)) != -1)
+ return res;
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+static int lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {+ int res;
+ if (ttype(l) != ttype(r))
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ else if (ttisnumber(l))
+ return luai_numle(nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) <= 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE)) != -1) /* first try `le' */
+ return res;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, r, l, TM_LT)) != -1) /* else try `lt' */
+ return !res;
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+int luaV_equalval (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {+ const TValue *tm;
+ lua_assert(ttype(t1) == ttype(t2));
+ switch (ttype(t1)) {+ case LUA_TNIL: return 1;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN: return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* true must be 1 !! */
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {+ if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ tm = get_compTM(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, uvalue(t2)->metatable,
+ TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {+ if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ tm = get_compTM(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ default: return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+ }
+ if (tm == NULL) return 0; /* no TM? */
+ callTMres(L, L->top, tm, t1, t2); /* call TM */
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total, int last) {+ do {+ StkId top = L->base + last + 1;
+ int n = 2; /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
+ if (!tostring(L, top-2) || !tostring(L, top-1)) {+ if (!call_binTM(L, top-2, top-1, top-2, TM_CONCAT))
+ luaG_concaterror(L, top-2, top-1);
+ } else if (tsvalue(top-1)->len > 0) { /* if len=0, do nothing */+ /* at least two string values; get as many as possible */
+ size_t tl = tsvalue(top-1)->len;
+ char *buffer;
+ int i;
+ /* collect total length */
+ for (n = 1; n < total && tostring(L, top-n-1); n++) {+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-n-1)->len;
+ if (l >= MAX_SIZET - tl) luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow");
+ tl += l;
+ }
+ buffer = luaZ_openspace(L, &G(L)->buff, tl);
+ tl = 0;
+ for (i=n; i>0; i--) { /* concat all strings */+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-i)->len;
+ memcpy(buffer+tl, svalue(top-i), l);
+ tl += l;
+ }
+ setsvalue2s(L, top-n, luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl));
+ }
+ total -= n-1; /* got `n' strings to create 1 new */
+ last -= n-1;
+ } while (total > 1); /* repeat until only 1 result left */
+}
+
+
+static void Arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
+ const TValue *rc, TMS op) {+ TValue tempb, tempc;
+ const TValue *b, *c;
+ if ((b = luaV_tonumber(rb, &tempb)) != NULL &&
+ (c = luaV_tonumber(rc, &tempc)) != NULL) {+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(b), nc = nvalue(c);
+ switch (op) {+ case TM_ADD: setnvalue(ra, luai_numadd(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_SUB: setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_MUL: setnvalue(ra, luai_nummul(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_DIV: setnvalue(ra, luai_numdiv(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_MOD: setnvalue(ra, luai_nummod(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_POW: setnvalue(ra, luai_numpow(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_UNM: setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(nb)); break;
+ default: lua_assert(0); break;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (!call_binTM(L, rb, rc, ra, op))
+ luaG_aritherror(L, rb, rc);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** some macros for common tasks in `luaV_execute'
+*/
+
+#define runtime_check(L, c) { if (!(c)) break; }+
+#define RA(i) (base+GETARG_A(i))
+/* to be used after possible stack reallocation */
+#define RB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define RKB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_B(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_B(i)) : base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RKC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_C(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_C(i)) : base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define KBx(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, k+GETARG_Bx(i))
+
+
+#define dojump(L,pc,i) {(pc) += (i); luai_threadyield(L);}+
+
+#define Protect(x) { L->savedpc = pc; {x;}; base = L->base; }+
+
+#define arith_op(op,tm) { \+ TValue *rb = RKB(i); \
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i); \
+ if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc)) { \+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb), nc = nvalue(rc); \
+ setnvalue(ra, op(nb, nc)); \
+ } \
+ else \
+ Protect(Arith(L, ra, rb, rc, tm)); \
+ }
+
+
+
+void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, int nexeccalls) {+ LClosure *cl;
+ StkId base;
+ TValue *k;
+ const Instruction *pc;
+ reentry: /* entry point */
+ lua_assert(isLua(L->ci));
+ pc = L->savedpc;
+ cl = &clvalue(L->ci->func)->l;
+ base = L->base;
+ k = cl->p->k;
+ /* main loop of interpreter */
+ for (;;) {+ const Instruction i = *pc++;
+ StkId ra;
+ if ((L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT)) &&
+ (--L->hookcount == 0 || L->hookmask & LUA_MASKLINE)) {+ traceexec(L, pc);
+ if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) { /* did hook yield? */+ L->savedpc = pc - 1;
+ return;
+ }
+ base = L->base;
+ }
+ /* warning!! several calls may realloc the stack and invalidate `ra' */
+ ra = RA(i);
+ lua_assert(base == L->base && L->base == L->ci->base);
+ lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top <= L->stack + L->stacksize);
+ lua_assert(L->top == L->ci->top || luaG_checkopenop(i));
+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {+ case OP_MOVE: {+ setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADK: {+ setobj2s(L, ra, KBx(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADBOOL: {+ setbvalue(ra, GETARG_B(i));
+ if (GETARG_C(i)) pc++; /* skip next instruction (if C) */
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADNIL: {+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ do {+ setnilvalue(rb--);
+ } while (rb >= ra);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL: {+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_GETGLOBAL: {+ TValue g;
+ TValue *rb = KBx(i);
+ sethvalue(L, &g, cl->env);
+ lua_assert(ttisstring(rb));
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, &g, rb, ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_GETTABLE: {+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, RB(i), RKC(i), ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETGLOBAL: {+ TValue g;
+ sethvalue(L, &g, cl->env);
+ lua_assert(ttisstring(KBx(i)));
+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, &g, KBx(i), ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETUPVAL: {+ UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)];
+ setobj(L, uv->v, ra);
+ luaC_barrier(L, uv, ra);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETTABLE: {+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, ra, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_NEWTABLE: {+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ sethvalue(L, ra, luaH_new(L, luaO_fb2int(b), luaO_fb2int(c)));
+ Protect(luaC_checkGC(L));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {+ StkId rb = RB(i);
+ setobjs2s(L, ra+1, rb);
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, rb, RKC(i), ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_ADD: {+ arith_op(luai_numadd, TM_ADD);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SUB: {+ arith_op(luai_numsub, TM_SUB);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_MUL: {+ arith_op(luai_nummul, TM_MUL);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_DIV: {+ arith_op(luai_numdiv, TM_DIV);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_MOD: {+ arith_op(luai_nummod, TM_MOD);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_POW: {+ arith_op(luai_numpow, TM_POW);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_UNM: {+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (ttisnumber(rb)) {+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb);
+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(nb));
+ }
+ else {+ Protect(Arith(L, ra, rb, rb, TM_UNM));
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_NOT: {+ int res = l_isfalse(RB(i)); /* next assignment may change this value */
+ setbvalue(ra, res);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LEN: {+ const TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ switch (ttype(rb)) {+ case LUA_TTABLE: {+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(luaH_getn(hvalue(rb))));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(tsvalue(rb)->len));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: { /* try metamethod */+ Protect(
+ if (!call_binTM(L, rb, luaO_nilobject, ra, TM_LEN))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of");
+ )
+ }
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CONCAT: {+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ Protect(luaV_concat(L, c-b+1, c); luaC_checkGC(L));
+ setobjs2s(L, RA(i), base+b);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_JMP: {+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_EQ: {+ TValue *rb = RKB(i);
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+ Protect(
+ if (equalobj(L, rb, rc) == GETARG_A(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ )
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LT: {+ Protect(
+ if (luaV_lessthan(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) == GETARG_A(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ )
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LE: {+ Protect(
+ if (lessequal(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) == GETARG_A(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ )
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_TEST: {+ if (l_isfalse(ra) != GETARG_C(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_TESTSET: {+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (l_isfalse(rb) != GETARG_C(i)) {+ setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ }
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL: {+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1;
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ switch (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) {+ case PCRLUA: {+ nexeccalls++;
+ goto reentry; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ case PCRC: {+ /* it was a C function (`precall' called it); adjust results */
+ if (nresults >= 0) L->top = L->ci->top;
+ base = L->base;
+ continue;
+ }
+ default: {+ return; /* yield */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ case OP_TAILCALL: {+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ lua_assert(GETARG_C(i) - 1 == LUA_MULTRET);
+ switch (luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET)) {+ case PCRLUA: {+ /* tail call: put new frame in place of previous one */
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci - 1; /* previous frame */
+ int aux;
+ StkId func = ci->func;
+ StkId pfunc = (ci+1)->func; /* previous function index */
+ if (L->openupval) luaF_close(L, ci->base);
+ L->base = ci->base = ci->func + ((ci+1)->base - pfunc);
+ for (aux = 0; pfunc+aux < L->top; aux++) /* move frame down */
+ setobjs2s(L, func+aux, pfunc+aux);
+ ci->top = L->top = func+aux; /* correct top */
+ lua_assert(L->top == L->base + clvalue(func)->l.p->maxstacksize);
+ ci->savedpc = L->savedpc;
+ ci->tailcalls++; /* one more call lost */
+ L->ci--; /* remove new frame */
+ goto reentry;
+ }
+ case PCRC: { /* it was a C function (`precall' called it) */+ base = L->base;
+ continue;
+ }
+ default: {+ return; /* yield */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ case OP_RETURN: {+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b-1;
+ if (L->openupval) luaF_close(L, base);
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ b = luaD_poscall(L, ra);
+ if (--nexeccalls == 0) /* was previous function running `here'? */
+ return; /* no: return */
+ else { /* yes: continue its execution */+ if (b) L->top = L->ci->top;
+ lua_assert(isLua(L->ci));
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((L->ci)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL);
+ goto reentry;
+ }
+ }
+ case OP_FORLOOP: {+ lua_Number step = nvalue(ra+2);
+ lua_Number idx = luai_numadd(nvalue(ra), step); /* increment index */
+ lua_Number limit = nvalue(ra+1);
+ if (luai_numlt(0, step) ? luai_numle(idx, limit)
+ : luai_numle(limit, idx)) {+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i)); /* jump back */
+ setnvalue(ra, idx); /* update internal index... */
+ setnvalue(ra+3, idx); /* ...and external index */
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_FORPREP: {+ const TValue *init = ra;
+ const TValue *plimit = ra+1;
+ const TValue *pstep = ra+2;
+ L->savedpc = pc; /* next steps may throw errors */
+ if (!tonumber(init, ra))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " initial value must be a number");+ else if (!tonumber(plimit, ra+1))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " limit must be a number");+ else if (!tonumber(pstep, ra+2))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " step must be a number");+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(nvalue(ra), nvalue(pstep)));
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORLOOP: {+ StkId cb = ra + 3; /* call base */
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+2, ra+2);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+1, ra+1);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb, ra);
+ L->top = cb+3; /* func. + 2 args (state and index) */
+ Protect(luaD_call(L, cb, GETARG_C(i)));
+ L->top = L->ci->top;
+ cb = RA(i) + 3; /* previous call may change the stack */
+ if (!ttisnil(cb)) { /* continue loop? */+ setobjs2s(L, cb-1, cb); /* save control variable */
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); /* jump back */
+ }
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETLIST: {+ int n = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ int last;
+ Table *h;
+ if (n == 0) {+ n = cast_int(L->top - ra) - 1;
+ L->top = L->ci->top;
+ }
+ if (c == 0) c = cast_int(*pc++);
+ runtime_check(L, ttistable(ra));
+ h = hvalue(ra);
+ last = ((c-1)*LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) + n;
+ if (last > h->sizearray) /* needs more space? */
+ luaH_resizearray(L, h, last); /* pre-alloc it at once */
+ for (; n > 0; n--) {+ TValue *val = ra+n;
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, h, last--), val);
+ luaC_barriert(L, h, val);
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CLOSE: {+ luaF_close(L, ra);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CLOSURE: {+ Proto *p;
+ Closure *ncl;
+ int nup, j;
+ p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)];
+ nup = p->nups;
+ ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, nup, cl->env);
+ ncl->l.p = p;
+ for (j=0; j<nup; j++, pc++) {+ if (GET_OPCODE(*pc) == OP_GETUPVAL)
+ ncl->l.upvals[j] = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(*pc)];
+ else {+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*pc) == OP_MOVE);
+ ncl->l.upvals[j] = luaF_findupval(L, base + GETARG_B(*pc));
+ }
+ }
+ setclvalue(L, ra, ncl);
+ Protect(luaC_checkGC(L));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_VARARG: {+ int b = GETARG_B(i) - 1;
+ int j;
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ int n = cast_int(ci->base - ci->func) - cl->p->numparams - 1;
+ if (b == LUA_MULTRET) {+ Protect(luaD_checkstack(L, n));
+ ra = RA(i); /* previous call may change the stack */
+ b = n;
+ L->top = ra + n;
+ }
+ for (j = 0; j < b; j++) {+ if (j < n) {+ setobjs2s(L, ra + j, ci->base - n + j);
+ }
+ else {+ setnilvalue(ra + j);
+ }
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lvm.h
@@ -1,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lvm_h
+#define lvm_h
+
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define tostring(L,o) ((ttype(o) == LUA_TSTRING) || (luaV_tostring(L, o)))
+
+#define tonumber(o,n) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNUMBER || \
+ (((o) = luaV_tonumber(o,n)) != NULL))
+
+#define equalobj(L,o1,o2) \
+ (ttype(o1) == ttype(o2) && luaV_equalval(L, o1, o2))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalval (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, int nexeccalls);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total, int last);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lzio.c
@@ -1,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** a generic input stream interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lzio_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z) {+ size_t size;
+ lua_State *L = z->L;
+ const char *buff;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ buff = z->reader(L, z->data, &size);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (buff == NULL || size == 0) return EOZ;
+ z->n = size - 1;
+ z->p = buff;
+ return char2int(*(z->p++));
+}
+
+
+int luaZ_lookahead (ZIO *z) {+ if (z->n == 0) {+ if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)
+ return EOZ;
+ else {+ z->n++; /* luaZ_fill removed first byte; put back it */
+ z->p--;
+ }
+ }
+ return char2int(*z->p);
+}
+
+
+void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {+ z->L = L;
+ z->reader = reader;
+ z->data = data;
+ z->n = 0;
+ z->p = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {+ while (n) {+ size_t m;
+ if (luaZ_lookahead(z) == EOZ)
+ return n; /* return number of missing bytes */
+ m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n; /* min. between n and z->n */
+ memcpy(b, z->p, m);
+ z->n -= m;
+ z->p += m;
+ b = (char *)b + m;
+ n -= m;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n) {+ if (n > buff->buffsize) {+ if (n < LUA_MINBUFFER) n = LUA_MINBUFFER;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, n);
+ }
+ return buff->buffer;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/lzio.h
@@ -1,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.h,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:42 rrt Exp $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lzio_h
+#define lzio_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+
+
+#define EOZ (-1) /* end of stream */
+
+typedef struct Zio ZIO;
+
+#define char2int(c) cast(int, cast(unsigned char, (c)))
+
+#define zgetc(z) (((z)->n--)>0 ? char2int(*(z)->p++) : luaZ_fill(z))
+
+typedef struct Mbuffer {+ char *buffer;
+ size_t n;
+ size_t buffsize;
+} Mbuffer;
+
+#define luaZ_initbuffer(L, buff) ((buff)->buffer = NULL, (buff)->buffsize = 0)
+
+#define luaZ_buffer(buff) ((buff)->buffer)
+#define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff) ((buff)->buffsize)
+#define luaZ_bufflen(buff) ((buff)->n)
+
+#define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
+
+
+#define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \
+ (luaM_reallocvector(L, (buff)->buffer, (buff)->buffsize, size, char), \
+ (buff)->buffsize = size)
+
+#define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff) luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void* b, size_t n); /* read next n bytes */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_lookahead (ZIO *z);
+
+
+
+/* --------- Private Part ------------------ */
+
+struct Zio {+ size_t n; /* bytes still unread */
+ const char *p; /* current position in buffer */
+ lua_Reader reader;
+ void* data; /* additional data */
+ lua_State *L; /* Lua state (for reader) */
+};
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/src/print.c
@@ -1,0 +1,227 @@
+/*
+** $Id: print.c,v 1.1 2006/12/19 00:20:43 rrt Exp $
+** print bytecodes
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+#define PrintFunction luaU_print
+
+#define Sizeof(x) ((int)sizeof(x))
+#define VOID(p) ((const void*)(p))
+
+static void PrintString(const TString* ts)
+{+ const char* s=getstr(ts);
+ int n=ts->tsv.len;
+ int i;
+ putchar('"');+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ int c=s[i];
+ switch (c)
+ {+ case '"': printf("\\\""); break;+ case '\a': printf("\\a"); break;+ case '\b': printf("\\b"); break;+ case '\f': printf("\\f"); break;+ case '\n': printf("\\n"); break;+ case '\r': printf("\\r"); break;+ case '\t': printf("\\t"); break;+ case '\v': printf("\\v"); break;+ default: if (isprint((unsigned char)c))
+ putchar(c);
+ else
+ printf("\\%03u",(unsigned char)c);+ }
+ }
+ putchar('"');+}
+
+static void PrintConstant(const Proto* f, int i)
+{+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttype(o))
+ {+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ printf("nil");+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ printf(bvalue(o) ? "true" : "false");
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ printf(LUA_NUMBER_FMT,nvalue(o));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ PrintString(rawtsvalue(o));
+ break;
+ default: /* cannot happen */
+ printf("? type=%d",ttype(o));+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
+{+ const Instruction* code=f->code;
+ int pc,n=f->sizecode;
+ for (pc=0; pc<n; pc++)
+ {+ Instruction i=code[pc];
+ OpCode o=GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a=GETARG_A(i);
+ int b=GETARG_B(i);
+ int c=GETARG_C(i);
+ int bx=GETARG_Bx(i);
+ int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i);
+ int line=getline(f,pc);
+ printf("\t%d\t",pc+1);+ if (line>0) printf("[%d]\t",line); else printf("[-]\t");+ printf("%-9s\t",luaP_opnames[o]);+ switch (getOpMode(o))
+ {+ case iABC:
+ printf("%d",a);+ if (getBMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(b) ? (-1-INDEXK(b)) : b);+ if (getCMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(c) ? (-1-INDEXK(c)) : c);+ break;
+ case iABx:
+ if (getBMode(o)==OpArgK) printf("%d %d",a,-1-bx); else printf("%d %d",a,bx);+ break;
+ case iAsBx:
+ if (o==OP_JMP) printf("%d",sbx); else printf("%d %d",a,sbx);+ break;
+ }
+ switch (o)
+ {+ case OP_LOADK:
+ printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,bx);+ break;
+ case OP_GETUPVAL:
+ case OP_SETUPVAL:
+ printf("\t; %s", (f->sizeupvalues>0) ? getstr(f->upvalues[b]) : "-");+ break;
+ case OP_GETGLOBAL:
+ case OP_SETGLOBAL:
+ printf("\t; %s",svalue(&f->k[bx]));+ break;
+ case OP_GETTABLE:
+ case OP_SELF:
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }+ break;
+ case OP_SETTABLE:
+ case OP_ADD:
+ case OP_SUB:
+ case OP_MUL:
+ case OP_DIV:
+ case OP_POW:
+ case OP_EQ:
+ case OP_LT:
+ case OP_LE:
+ if (ISK(b) || ISK(c))
+ {+ printf("\t; ");+ if (ISK(b)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(b)); else printf("-");+ printf(" ");+ if (ISK(c)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); else printf("-");+ }
+ break;
+ case OP_JMP:
+ case OP_FORLOOP:
+ case OP_FORPREP:
+ printf("\t; to %d",sbx+pc+2);+ break;
+ case OP_CLOSURE:
+ printf("\t; %p",VOID(f->p[bx]));+ break;
+ case OP_SETLIST:
+ if (c==0) printf("\t; %d",(int)code[++pc]);+ else printf("\t; %d",c);+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ printf("\n");+ }
+}
+
+#define SS(x) (x==1)?"":"s"
+#define S(x) x,SS(x)
+
+static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f)
+{+ const char* s=getstr(f->source);
+ if (*s=='@' || *s=='=')
+ s++;
+ else if (*s==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ s="(bstring)";
+ else
+ s="(string)";
+ printf("\n%s <%s:%d,%d> (%d instruction%s, %d bytes at %p)\n",+ (f->linedefined==0)?"main":"function",s,
+ f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined,
+ S(f->sizecode),f->sizecode*Sizeof(Instruction),VOID(f));
+ printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ",+ f->numparams,f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
+ S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->nups));
+ printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n",+ S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep));
+}
+
+static void PrintConstants(const Proto* f)
+{+ int i,n=f->sizek;
+ printf("constants (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ printf("\t%d\t",i+1);+ PrintConstant(f,i);
+ printf("\n");+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintLocals(const Proto* f)
+{+ int i,n=f->sizelocvars;
+ printf("locals (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",+ i,getstr(f->locvars[i].varname),f->locvars[i].startpc+1,f->locvars[i].endpc+1);
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintUpvalues(const Proto* f)
+{+ int i,n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ printf("upvalues (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));+ if (f->upvalues==NULL) return;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {+ printf("\t%d\t%s\n",i,getstr(f->upvalues[i]));+ }
+}
+
+void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full)
+{+ int i,n=f->sizep;
+ PrintHeader(f);
+ PrintCode(f);
+ if (full)
+ {+ PrintConstants(f);
+ PrintLocals(f);
+ PrintUpvalues(f);
+ }
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) PrintFunction(f->p[i],full);
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/README
@@ -1,0 +1,26 @@
+These are simple tests for Lua. Some of them contain useful code.
+They are meant to be run to make sure Lua is built correctly and also
+to be read, to see how Lua programs look.
+
+Here is a one-line summary of each program:
+
+ bisect.lua bisection method for solving non-linear equations
+ cf.lua temperature conversion table (celsius to farenheit)
+ echo.lua echo command line arguments
+ env.lua environment variables as automatic global variables
+ factorial.lua factorial without recursion
+ fib.lua fibonacci function with cache
+ fibfor.lua fibonacci numbers with coroutines and generators
+ globals.lua report global variable usage
+ hello.lua the first program in every language
+ life.lua Conway's Game of Life
+ luac.lua bare-bones luac
+ printf.lua an implementation of printf
+ readonly.lua make global variables readonly
+ sieve.lua the sieve of of Eratosthenes programmed with coroutines
+ sort.lua two implementations of a sort function
+ table.lua make table, grouping all data for the same item
+ trace-calls.lua trace calls
+ trace-globals.lua trace assigments to global variables
+ xd.lua hex dump
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/bisect.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,27 @@
+-- bisection method for solving non-linear equations
+
+delta=1e-6 -- tolerance
+
+function bisect(f,a,b,fa,fb)
+ local c=(a+b)/2
+ io.write(n," c=",c," a=",a," b=",b,"\n")
+ if c==a or c==b or math.abs(a-b)<delta then return c,b-a end
+ n=n+1
+ local fc=f(c)
+ if fa*fc<0 then return bisect(f,a,c,fa,fc) else return bisect(f,c,b,fc,fb) end
+end
+
+-- find root of f in the inverval [a,b]. needs f(a)*f(b)<0
+function solve(f,a,b)
+ n=0
+ local z,e=bisect(f,a,b,f(a),f(b))
+ io.write(string.format("after %d steps, root is %.17g with error %.1e, f=%.1e\n",n,z,e,f(z)))+end
+
+-- our function
+function f(x)
+ return x*x*x-x-1
+end
+
+-- find zero in [1,2]
+solve(f,1,2)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/cf.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,16 @@
+-- temperature conversion table (celsius to farenheit)
+
+for c0=-20,50-1,10 do
+ io.write("C ")+ for c=c0,c0+10-1 do
+ io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",c))+ end
+ io.write("\n")+
+ io.write("F ")+ for c=c0,c0+10-1 do
+ f=(9/5)*c+32
+ io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",f))+ end
+ io.write("\n\n")+end
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/echo.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,5 @@
+-- echo command line arguments
+
+for i=0,table.getn(arg) do
+ print(i,arg[i])
+end
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/env.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,7 @@
+-- read environment variables as if they were global variables
+
+local f=function (t,i) return os.getenv(i) end
+setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=f})+
+-- an example
+print(a,USER,PATH)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/factorial.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,32 @@
+-- function closures are powerful
+
+-- traditional fixed-point operator from functional programming
+Y = function (g)
+ local a = function (f) return f(f) end
+ return a(function (f)
+ return g(function (x)
+ local c=f(f)
+ return c(x)
+ end)
+ end)
+end
+
+
+-- factorial without recursion
+F = function (f)
+ return function (n)
+ if n == 0 then return 1
+ else return n*f(n-1) end
+ end
+ end
+
+factorial = Y(F) -- factorial is the fixed point of F
+
+-- now test it
+function test(x)
+ io.write(x,"! = ",factorial(x),"\n")
+end
+
+for n=0,16 do
+ test(n)
+end
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/fib.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,40 @@
+-- fibonacci function with cache
+
+-- very inefficient fibonacci function
+function fib(n)
+ N=N+1
+ if n<2 then
+ return n
+ else
+ return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)
+ end
+end
+
+-- a general-purpose value cache
+function cache(f)
+ local c={}+ return function (x)
+ local y=c[x]
+ if not y then
+ y=f(x)
+ c[x]=y
+ end
+ return y
+ end
+end
+
+-- run and time it
+function test(s,f)
+ N=0
+ local c=os.clock()
+ local v=f(n)
+ local t=os.clock()-c
+ print(s,n,v,t,N)
+end
+
+n=arg[1] or 24 -- for other values, do lua fib.lua XX
+n=tonumber(n)
+print("","n","value","time","evals")+test("plain",fib)+fib=cache(fib)
+test("cached",fib)--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/fibfor.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,13 @@
+-- example of for with generator functions
+
+function generatefib (n)
+ return coroutine.wrap(function ()
+ local a,b = 1, 1
+ while a <= n do
+ coroutine.yield(a)
+ a, b = b, a+b
+ end
+ end)
+end
+
+for i in generatefib(1000) do print(i) end
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/globals.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,13 @@
+-- reads luac listings and reports global variable usage
+-- lines where a global is written to are marked with "*"
+-- typical usage: luac -p -l file.lua | lua globals.lua | sort | lua table.lua
+
+while 1 do
+ local s=io.read()
+ if s==nil then break end
+ local ok,_,l,op,g=string.find(s,"%[%-?(%d*)%]%s*([GS])ETGLOBAL.-;%s+(.*)$")
+ if ok then
+ if op=="S" then op="*" else op="" end
+ io.write(g,"\t",l,op,"\n")
+ end
+end
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/hello.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,3 @@
+-- the first program in every language
+
+io.write("Hello world, from ",_VERSION,"!\n")--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/life.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,111 @@
+-- life.lua
+-- original by Dave Bollinger <DBollinger@compuserve.com> posted to lua-l
+-- modified to use ANSI terminal escape sequences
+-- modified to use for instead of while
+
+local write=io.write
+
+ALIVE="�" DEAD="+ALIVE="O" DEAD="-"
+
+function delay() -- NOTE: SYSTEM-DEPENDENT, adjust as necessary
+ for i=1,10000 do end
+ -- local i=os.clock()+1 while(os.clock()<i) do end
+end
+
+function ARRAY2D(w,h)
+ local t = {w=w,h=h}+ for y=1,h do
+ t[y] = {}+ for x=1,w do
+ t[y][x]=0
+ end
+ end
+ return t
+end
+
+_CELLS = {}+
+-- give birth to a "shape" within the cell array
+function _CELLS:spawn(shape,left,top)
+ for y=0,shape.h-1 do
+ for x=0,shape.w-1 do
+ self[top+y][left+x] = shape[y*shape.w+x+1]
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+-- run the CA and produce the next generation
+function _CELLS:evolve(next)
+ local ym1,y,yp1,yi=self.h-1,self.h,1,self.h
+ while yi > 0 do
+ local xm1,x,xp1,xi=self.w-1,self.w,1,self.w
+ while xi > 0 do
+ local sum = self[ym1][xm1] + self[ym1][x] + self[ym1][xp1] +
+ self[y][xm1] + self[y][xp1] +
+ self[yp1][xm1] + self[yp1][x] + self[yp1][xp1]
+ next[y][x] = ((sum==2) and self[y][x]) or ((sum==3) and 1) or 0
+ xm1,x,xp1,xi = x,xp1,xp1+1,xi-1
+ end
+ ym1,y,yp1,yi = y,yp1,yp1+1,yi-1
+ end
+end
+
+-- output the array to screen
+function _CELLS:draw()
+ local out="" -- accumulate to reduce flicker
+ for y=1,self.h do
+ for x=1,self.w do
+ out=out..(((self[y][x]>0) and ALIVE) or DEAD)
+ end
+ out=out.."\n"
+ end
+ write(out)
+end
+
+-- constructor
+function CELLS(w,h)
+ local c = ARRAY2D(w,h)
+ c.spawn = _CELLS.spawn
+ c.evolve = _CELLS.evolve
+ c.draw = _CELLS.draw
+ return c
+end
+
+--
+-- shapes suitable for use with spawn() above
+--
+HEART = { 1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1; w=3,h=3 }+GLIDER = { 0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1; w=3,h=3 }+EXPLODE = { 0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0; w=3,h=4 }+FISH = { 0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0; w=5,h=4 }+BUTTERFLY = { 1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1; w=5,h=5 }+
+-- the main routine
+function LIFE(w,h)
+ -- create two arrays
+ local thisgen = CELLS(w,h)
+ local nextgen = CELLS(w,h)
+
+ -- create some life
+ -- about 1000 generations of fun, then a glider steady-state
+ thisgen:spawn(GLIDER,5,4)
+ thisgen:spawn(EXPLODE,25,10)
+ thisgen:spawn(FISH,4,12)
+
+ -- run until break
+ local gen=1
+ write("\027[2J") -- ANSI clear screen+ while 1 do
+ thisgen:evolve(nextgen)
+ thisgen,nextgen = nextgen,thisgen
+ write("\027[H") -- ANSI home cursor+ thisgen:draw()
+ write("Life - generation ",gen,"\n")+ gen=gen+1
+ if gen>2000 then break end
+ --delay() -- no delay
+ end
+end
+
+LIFE(40,20)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/luac.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,7 @@
+-- bare-bones luac in Lua
+-- usage: lua luac.lua file.lua
+
+assert(arg[1]~=nil and arg[2]==nil,"usage: lua luac.lua file.lua")
+f=assert(io.open("luac.out","wb"))+assert(f:write(string.dump(assert(loadfile(arg[1])))))
+assert(f:close())
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/printf.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,7 @@
+-- an implementation of printf
+
+function printf(...)
+ io.write(string.format(...))
+end
+
+printf("Hello %s from %s on %s\n",os.getenv"USER" or "there",_VERSION,os.date())--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/readonly.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,12 @@
+-- make global variables readonly
+
+local f=function (t,i) error("cannot redefine global variable `"..i.."'",2) end+local g={}+local G=getfenv()
+setmetatable(g,{__index=G,__newindex=f})+setfenv(1,g)
+
+-- an example
+rawset(g,"x",3)
+x=2
+y=1 -- cannot redefine `y'
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/sieve.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,29 @@
+-- the sieve of of Eratosthenes programmed with coroutines
+-- typical usage: lua -e N=1000 sieve.lua | column
+
+-- generate all the numbers from 2 to n
+function gen (n)
+ return coroutine.wrap(function ()
+ for i=2,n do coroutine.yield(i) end
+ end)
+end
+
+-- filter the numbers generated by `g', removing multiples of `p'
+function filter (p, g)
+ return coroutine.wrap(function ()
+ while 1 do
+ local n = g()
+ if n == nil then return end
+ if math.mod(n, p) ~= 0 then coroutine.yield(n) end
+ end
+ end)
+end
+
+N=N or 1000 -- from command line
+x = gen(N) -- generate primes up to N
+while 1 do
+ local n = x() -- pick a number until done
+ if n == nil then break end
+ print(n) -- must be a prime number
+ x = filter(n, x) -- now remove its multiples
+end
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/sort.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,66 @@
+-- two implementations of a sort function
+-- this is an example only. Lua has now a built-in function "sort"
+
+-- extracted from Programming Pearls, page 110
+function qsort(x,l,u,f)
+ if l<u then
+ local m=math.random(u-(l-1))+l-1 -- choose a random pivot in range l..u
+ x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l] -- swap pivot to first position
+ local t=x[l] -- pivot value
+ m=l
+ local i=l+1
+ while i<=u do
+ -- invariant: x[l+1..m] < t <= x[m+1..i-1]
+ if f(x[i],t) then
+ m=m+1
+ x[m],x[i]=x[i],x[m] -- swap x[i] and x[m]
+ end
+ i=i+1
+ end
+ x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l] -- swap pivot to a valid place
+ -- x[l+1..m-1] < x[m] <= x[m+1..u]
+ qsort(x,l,m-1,f)
+ qsort(x,m+1,u,f)
+ end
+end
+
+function selectionsort(x,n,f)
+ local i=1
+ while i<=n do
+ local m,j=i,i+1
+ while j<=n do
+ if f(x[j],x[m]) then m=j end
+ j=j+1
+ end
+ x[i],x[m]=x[m],x[i] -- swap x[i] and x[m]
+ i=i+1
+ end
+end
+
+function show(m,x)
+ io.write(m,"\n\t")
+ local i=1
+ while x[i] do
+ io.write(x[i])
+ i=i+1
+ if x[i] then io.write(",") end+ end
+ io.write("\n")+end
+
+function testsorts(x)
+ local n=1
+ while x[n] do n=n+1 end; n=n-1 -- count elements
+ show("original",x)+ qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end)
+ show("after quicksort",x)+ selectionsort(x,n,function (x,y) return x>y end)
+ show("after reverse selection sort",x)+ qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end)
+ show("after quicksort again",x)+end
+
+-- array to be sorted
+x={"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"}+
+testsorts(x)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/table.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,12 @@
+-- make table, grouping all data for the same item
+-- input is 2 columns (item, data)
+
+local A
+while 1 do
+ local l=io.read()
+ if l==nil then break end
+ local _,_,a,b=string.find(l,'"?([_%w]+)"?%s*(.*)$')
+ if a~=A then A=a io.write("\n",a,":") end+ io.write(" ",b)+end
+io.write("\n")--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/trace-calls.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,32 @@
+-- trace calls
+-- example: lua -ltrace-calls bisect.lua
+
+local level=0
+
+local function hook(event)
+ local t=debug.getinfo(3)
+ io.write(level," >>> ",string.rep(" ",level))+ if t~=nil and t.currentline>=0 then io.write(t.short_src,":",t.currentline," ") end
+ t=debug.getinfo(2)
+ if event=="call" then
+ level=level+1
+ else
+ level=level-1 if level<0 then level=0 end
+ end
+ if t.what=="main" then
+ if event=="call" then
+ io.write("begin ",t.short_src)+ else
+ io.write("end ",t.short_src)+ end
+ elseif t.what=="Lua" then
+-- table.foreach(t,print)
+ io.write(event," ",t.name or "(Lua)"," <",t.linedefined,":",t.short_src,">")
+ else
+ io.write(event," ",t.name or "(C)"," [",t.what,"] ")
+ end
+ io.write("\n")+end
+
+debug.sethook(hook,"cr")
+level=0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/trace-globals.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,38 @@
+-- trace assigments to global variables
+
+do
+ -- a tostring that quotes strings. note the use of the original tostring.
+ local _tostring=tostring
+ local tostring=function(a)
+ if type(a)=="string" then
+ return string.format("%q",a)+ else
+ return _tostring(a)
+ end
+ end
+
+ local log=function (name,old,new)
+ local t=debug.getinfo(3,"Sl")
+ local line=t.currentline
+ io.write(t.short_src)
+ if line>=0 then io.write(":",line) end+ io.write(": ",name," is now ",tostring(new)," (was ",tostring(old),")","\n")+ end
+
+ local g={}+ local set=function (t,name,value)
+ log(name,g[name],value)
+ g[name]=value
+ end
+ setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=g,__newindex=set})+end
+
+-- an example
+
+a=1
+b=2
+a=10
+b=20
+b=nil
+b=200
+print(a,b,c)
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lua/test/xd.lua
@@ -1,0 +1,14 @@
+-- hex dump
+-- usage: lua xd.lua < file
+
+local offset=0
+while true do
+ local s=io.read(16)
+ if s==nil then return end
+ io.write(string.format("%08X ",offset))+ string.gsub(s,"(.)",
+ function (c) io.write(string.format("%02X ",string.byte(c))) end)+ io.write(string.rep(" ",3*(16-string.len(s))))+ io.write(" ",string.gsub(s,"%c","."),"\n") + offset=offset+16
+end
--
⑨