ref: 55e290af41ad1c92af13679d4a84d64985d41456
dir: /docs/content/en/functions/format.md/
---
title: .Format
description: Formats built-in Hugo dates---`.Date`, `.PublishDate`, and `.Lastmod`---according to Go's layout string.
godocref: https://golang.org/pkg/time/#example_Time_Format
date: 2017-02-01
publishdate: 2017-02-01
lastmod: 2017-02-01
categories: [functions]
menu:
docs:
parent: "functions"
keywords: [dates,time]
signature: [".Format FORMAT"]
workson: [times]
hugoversion:
relatedfuncs: [dateFormat,now,Unix,time]
deprecated: false
aliases: []
toc: true
---
`.Format` will format date values defined in your front matter and can be used as a property on the following [page variables][pagevars]:
* `.PublishDate`
* `.Date`
* `.Lastmod`
Assuming a key-value of `date: 2017-03-03` in a content file's front matter, your can run the date through `.Format` followed by a layout string for your desired output at build time:
```
{{ .PublishDate.Format "January 2, 2006" }} => March 3, 2017
```
For formatting *any* string representations of dates defined in your front matter, see the [`dateFormat` function][dateFormat], which will still leverage the Go layout string explained below but uses a slightly different syntax.
## Go's Layout String
Hugo templates [format your dates][time] via layout strings that point to a specific reference time:
```
Mon Jan 2 15:04:05 MST 2006
```
While this may seem arbitrary, the numerical value of `MST` is `07`, thus making the layout string a sequence of numbers.
Here is a visual explanation [taken directly from the Go docs][gdex]:
```
Jan 2 15:04:05 2006 MST
=> 1 2 3 4 5 6 -7
```
### Hugo Date and Time Templating Reference
The following examples show the layout string followed by the rendered output.
The examples were rendered and tested in [CST][] and all point to the same field in a content file's front matter:
```
date: 2017-03-03T14:15:59-06:00
```
`.Date` (i.e. called via [page variable][pagevars])
: **Returns**: `2017-03-03 14:15:59 -0600 CST`
`"Monday, January 2, 2006"`
: **Returns**: `Friday, March 3, 2017`
`"Mon Jan 2 2006"`
: **Returns**: `Fri Mar 3 2017`
`"January 2006"`
: **Returns**: `March 2017`
`"2006-01-02"`
: **Returns**: `2017-03-03`
`"Monday"`
: **Returns**: `Friday`
`"02 Jan 06 15:04 MST"` (RFC822)
: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 14:15 CST`
`"02 Jan 06 15:04 -0700"` (RFC822Z)
: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 14:15 -0600`
`"Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 MST"` (RFC1123)
: **Returns**: `Fri, 03 Mar 2017 14:15:59 CST`
`"Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700"` (RFC1123Z)
: **Returns**: `Fri, 03 Mar 2017 14:15:59 -0600`
More examples can be found in Go's [documentation for the time package][timeconst].
### Cardinal Numbers and Ordinal Abbreviations
Spelled-out cardinal numbers (e.g. "one", "two", and "three") are not currently supported.
Ordinal abbreviations (i.e., with shorted suffixes like "1st", "2nd", and "3rd") are not currently directly supported. By using `{{.Date.Format "Jan 2nd 2006"}}`, Hugo assumes you want to append `nd` as a string to the day of the month. However, you can chain functions together to create something like this:
```
{{ .Date.Format "2" }}{{ if in (slice 1 21 31) .Date.Day}}st{{ else if in (slice 2 22) .Date.Day}}nd{{ else if in (slice 3 23) .Date.Day}}rd{{ else }}th{{ end }} of {{ .Date.Format "January 2006" }}
```
This will output:
```
5th of March 2017
```
### Use `.Local` and `.UTC`
In conjunction with the [`dateFormat` function][dateFormat], you can also convert your dates to `UTC` or to local timezones:
`{{ dateFormat "02 Jan 06 15:04 MST" .Date.UTC }}`
: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 20:15 UTC`
`{{ dateFormat "02 Jan 06 15:04 MST" .Date.Local }}`
: **Returns**: `03 Mar 17 14:15 CST`
[CST]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Time_Zone
[dateFormat]: /functions/dateformat/
[gdex]: https://golang.org/pkg/time/#example_Time_Format
[pagevars]: /variables/page/
[time]: https://golang.org/pkg/time/
[timeconst]: https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ANSIC